Python matplotlib.pyplot.subplot() Examples

def demo_plot():
    audio = './data/esc10/audio/Dog/1-30226-A.ogg'
    y, sr = librosa.load(audio, sr=44100)
    y_ps = librosa.effects.pitch_shift(y, sr, n_steps=6)   # n_steps控制音调变化尺度
    y_ts = librosa.effects.time_stretch(y, rate=1.2)   # rate控制时间维度的变换尺度
    plt.subplot(311)
    plt.plot(y)
    plt.title('Original waveform')
    plt.axis([0, 200000, -0.4, 0.4])
    # plt.axis([88000, 94000, -0.4, 0.4])
    plt.subplot(312)
    plt.plot(y_ts)
    plt.title('Time Stretch transformed waveform')
    plt.axis([0, 200000, -0.4, 0.4])
    plt.subplot(313)
    plt.plot(y_ps)
    plt.title('Pitch Shift transformed waveform')
    plt.axis([0, 200000, -0.4, 0.4])
    # plt.axis([88000, 94000, -0.4, 0.4])
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show() 

def show(mnist, targets, ret):
    target_ids = range(len(set(targets)))
    
    colors = ['r', 'g', 'b', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'violet', 'orange', 'purple']
    
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
    
    ax = plt.subplot(aspect='equal')
    for label in set(targets):
        idx = np.where(np.array(targets) == label)[0]
        plt.scatter(ret[idx, 0], ret[idx, 1], c=colors[label], label=label)
    
    for i in range(0, len(targets), 250):
        img = (mnist[i][0] * 0.3081 + 0.1307).numpy()[0]
        img = OffsetImage(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r, zoom=0.5) 
        ax.add_artist(AnnotationBbox(img, ret[i]))
    
    plt.legend()
    plt.show() 

def plot_images(imgs, targets, paths=None, fname='images.jpg'):
    # Plots training images overlaid with targets
    imgs = imgs.cpu().numpy()
    targets = targets.cpu().numpy()
    # targets = targets[targets[:, 1] == 21]  # plot only one class

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
    bs, _, h, w = imgs.shape  # batch size, _, height, width
    bs = min(bs, 16)  # limit plot to 16 images
    ns = np.ceil(bs ** 0.5)  # number of subplots

    for i in range(bs):
        boxes = xywh2xyxy(targets[targets[:, 0] == i, 2:6]).T
        boxes[[0, 2]] *= w
        boxes[[1, 3]] *= h
        plt.subplot(ns, ns, i + 1).imshow(imgs[i].transpose(1, 2, 0))
        plt.plot(boxes[[0, 2, 2, 0, 0]], boxes[[1, 1, 3, 3, 1]], '.-')
        plt.axis('off')
        if paths is not None:
            s = Path(paths[i]).name
            plt.title(s[:min(len(s), 40)], fontdict={'size': 8})  # limit to 40 characters
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig(fname, dpi=200)
    plt.close() 

def plot_evolution_results(hyp):  # from utils.utils import *; plot_evolution_results(hyp)
    # Plot hyperparameter evolution results in evolve.txt
    x = np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2)
    f = fitness(x)
    weights = (f - f.min()) ** 2  # for weighted results
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
    matplotlib.rc('font', **{'size': 8})
    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(hyp.items()):
        y = x[:, i + 5]
        # mu = (y * weights).sum() / weights.sum()  # best weighted result
        mu = y[f.argmax()]  # best single result
        plt.subplot(4, 5, i + 1)
        plt.plot(mu, f.max(), 'o', markersize=10)
        plt.plot(y, f, '.')
        plt.title('%s = %.3g' % (k, mu), fontdict={'size': 9})  # limit to 40 characters
        print('%15s: %.3g' % (k, mu))
    fig.tight_layout()
    plt.savefig('evolve.png', dpi=200) 

def plot_some_results(pred_fn, test_generator, n_images=10):
    fig_ctr = 0
    for data, seg in test_generator:
        res = pred_fn(data)
        for d, s, r in zip(data, seg, res):
            plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
            plt.subplot(1, 3, 1)
            plt.imshow(d.transpose(1,2,0))
            plt.title("input patch")
            plt.subplot(1, 3, 2)
            plt.imshow(s[0])
            plt.title("ground truth")
            plt.subplot(1, 3, 3)
            plt.imshow(r)
            plt.title("segmentation")
            plt.savefig("road_segmentation_result_%03.0f.png"%fig_ctr)
            plt.close()
            fig_ctr += 1
            if fig_ctr > n_images:
                break 

def __init__(self, cf):

        self.file_name = cf.plot_dir + '/monitor_{}'.format(cf.fold)
        self.exp_name = cf.fold_dir
        self.do_validation = cf.do_validation
        self.separate_values_dict = cf.assign_values_to_extra_figure
        self.figure_list = []
        for n in range(cf.n_monitoring_figures):
            self.figure_list.append(plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6)))
            self.figure_list[-1].ax1 = plt.subplot(111)
            self.figure_list[-1].ax1.set_xlabel('epochs')
            self.figure_list[-1].ax1.set_ylabel('loss / metrics')
            self.figure_list[-1].ax1.set_xlim(0, cf.num_epochs)
            self.figure_list[-1].ax1.grid()

        self.figure_list[0].ax1.set_ylim(0, 1.5)
        self.color_palette = ['b', 'c', 'r', 'purple', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'tab:gray'] 

def ShowPlots(subplot=False):
  for log_ind, path in enumerate(FLAGS.path.split(":")):
    log = Log(path)
    if subplot:
      plt.subplot(len(FLAGS.path.split(":")), 1, log_ind + 1)
    for index in FLAGS.index.split(","):
      index = int(index)
      for attr in ["pred_acc", "parse_acc", "total_cost", "xent_cost", "l2_cost", "action_cost"]:
        if getattr(FLAGS, attr):
          if "cost" in attr:
            assert index == 0, "costs only associated with training log"
          steps, val = zip(*[(l.step, getattr(l, attr)) for l in log.corpus[index] if l.step < FLAGS.iters])
          dct = {}
          for k, v in zip(steps, val):
            dct[k] = max(v, dct[k]) if k in dct else v
          steps, val = zip(*sorted(dct.iteritems()))
          plt.plot(steps, val, label="Log%d:%s-%d" % (log_ind, attr, index))
    
  plt.xlabel("No. of training iteration")
  plt.ylabel(FLAGS.ylabel)
  if FLAGS.legend:
    plt.legend()
  plt.show() 

def plot_mean_bootstrap_exponential_readme():
    X = np.random.exponential(7, 4)
    classical_samples = [np.mean(resample(X)) for _ in range(10000)]
    posterior_samples = mean(X, 10000)
    l, r = highest_density_interval(posterior_samples)
    classical_l, classical_r = highest_density_interval(classical_samples)
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
    plt.title('Bayesian Bootstrap of mean')
    sns.distplot(posterior_samples, label='Bayesian Bootstrap Samples')
    plt.plot([l, r], [0, 0], linewidth=5.0, marker='o', label='95% HDI')
    plt.xlim(-1, 18)
    plt.legend()
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
    plt.title('Classical Bootstrap of mean')
    sns.distplot(classical_samples, label='Classical Bootstrap Samples')
    plt.plot([classical_l, classical_r], [0, 0], linewidth=5.0, marker='o', label='95% HDI')
    plt.xlim(-1, 18)
    plt.legend()
    plt.savefig('readme_exponential.png', bbox_inches='tight') 

def plotNNFilter(units, figure_id, interp='bilinear', colormap=cm.jet, colormap_lim=None):
    plt.ion()
    filters = units.shape[2]
    n_columns = round(math.sqrt(filters))
    n_rows = math.ceil(filters / n_columns) + 1
    fig = plt.figure(figure_id, figsize=(n_rows*3,n_columns*3))
    fig.clf()

    for i in range(filters):
        ax1 = plt.subplot(n_rows, n_columns, i+1)
        plt.imshow(units[:,:,i].T, interpolation=interp, cmap=colormap)
        plt.axis('on')
        ax1.set_xticklabels([])
        ax1.set_yticklabels([])
        plt.colorbar()
        if colormap_lim:
            plt.clim(colormap_lim[0],colormap_lim[1])

    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
    plt.tight_layout()

# Epochs 

def plotNNFilter(units, figure_id, interp='bilinear', colormap=cm.jet, colormap_lim=None):
    plt.ion()
    filters = units.shape[2]
    n_columns = round(math.sqrt(filters))
    n_rows = math.ceil(filters / n_columns) + 1
    fig = plt.figure(figure_id, figsize=(n_rows*3,n_columns*3))
    fig.clf()

    for i in range(filters):
        ax1 = plt.subplot(n_rows, n_columns, i+1)
        plt.imshow(units[:,:,i].T, interpolation=interp, cmap=colormap)
        plt.axis('on')
        ax1.set_xticklabels([])
        ax1.set_yticklabels([])
        plt.colorbar()
        if colormap_lim:
            plt.clim(colormap_lim[0],colormap_lim[1])

    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
    plt.tight_layout()

# Load options 

def plotNNFilter(units, figure_id, interp='bilinear', colormap=cm.jet, colormap_lim=None, title=''):
    plt.ion()
    filters = units.shape[2]
    n_columns = round(math.sqrt(filters))
    n_rows = math.ceil(filters / n_columns) + 1
    fig = plt.figure(figure_id, figsize=(n_rows*3,n_columns*3))
    fig.clf()

    for i in range(filters):
        ax1 = plt.subplot(n_rows, n_columns, i+1)
        plt.imshow(units[:,:,i].T, interpolation=interp, cmap=colormap)
        plt.axis('on')
        ax1.set_xticklabels([])
        ax1.set_yticklabels([])
        plt.colorbar()
        if colormap_lim:
            plt.clim(colormap_lim[0],colormap_lim[1])

    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.suptitle(title) 

def display_images(images, titles=None, cols=4, cmap=None, norm=None,
                   interpolation=None):
    """Display the given set of images, optionally with titles.
    images: list or array of image tensors in HWC format.
    titles: optional. A list of titles to display with each image.
    cols: number of images per row
    cmap: Optional. Color map to use. For example, "Blues".
    norm: Optional. A Normalize instance to map values to colors.
    interpolation: Optional. Image interpolation to use for display.
    """
    titles = titles if titles is not None else [""] * len(images)
    rows = len(images) // cols + 1
    plt.figure(figsize=(14, 14 * rows // cols))
    i = 1
    for image, title in zip(images, titles):
        plt.subplot(rows, cols, i)
        plt.title(title, fontsize=9)
        plt.axis('off')
        plt.imshow(image.astype(np.uint8), cmap=cmap,
                   norm=norm, interpolation=interpolation)
        i += 1
    plt.show() 

def visualize_transform(
    potential_or_samples, prior_sample, prior_density, transform=None, inverse_transform=None, samples=True, npts=100,
    memory=100, device="cpu"
):
    """Produces visualization for the model density and samples from the model."""
    plt.clf()
    ax = plt.subplot(1, 3, 1, aspect="equal")
    if samples:
        plt_samples(potential_or_samples, ax, npts=npts)
    else:
        plt_potential_func(potential_or_samples, ax, npts=npts)

    ax = plt.subplot(1, 3, 2, aspect="equal")
    if inverse_transform is None:
        plt_flow(prior_density, transform, ax, npts=npts, device=device)
    else:
        plt_flow_density(prior_density, inverse_transform, ax, npts=npts, memory=memory, device=device)

    ax = plt.subplot(1, 3, 3, aspect="equal")
    if transform is not None:
        plt_flow_samples(prior_sample, transform, ax, npts=npts, memory=memory, device=device) 

def imsplot_tensor(*imgs_tensor):
    """
    使用matplotlib.pyplot绘制多个tensor类型图片
    图片尺寸应为(bn, c, h, w)
    或是单个图片尺寸为(1, c, h, w)的序列
    """
    count = min(8, len(imgs_tensor))
    if(count==0): return
    col = min(2, count)
    row = count//col
    if(count%col > 0):
        row = row + 1
    for i in range(count):
        plt.subplot(row, col, i+1);imshow_tensor(imgs_tensor[i])
    
# 计算并存储参数当前值和平均值 

def draw_plots(strategy, accu_x, accu_y, auc_x, auc_y):
    """Draws the plot

    **Parameters**

    * strategy
    * accu_x (*list*)
    * accu_y (*list*)
    * auc_x (*list*)
    * auc_y (*list*)

    """
    plt.figure(1)
    plt.subplot(211)
    plt.plot(accu_x, accu_y, '-', label=strategy)
    plt.legend(loc='best')
    plt.title('Accuracy')

    plt.subplot(212)
    plt.plot(auc_x, auc_y, '-', label=strategy)
    plt.legend(loc='best')
    plt.title('AUC') 

def draw_graph_row(graphs,
                   index=0,
                   contract=True,
                   n_graphs_per_line=5,
                   size=4,
                   xlim=None,
                   ylim=None,
                   **args):
    """draw_graph_row."""
    dim = len(graphs)
    size_y = size
    size_x = size * n_graphs_per_line * args.get('size_x_to_y_ratio', 1)
    plt.figure(figsize=(size_x, size_y))

    if xlim is not None:
        plt.xlim(xlim)
        plt.ylim(ylim)
    else:
        plt.xlim(xmax=3)

    for i in range(dim):
        plt.subplot(1, n_graphs_per_line, i + 1)
        graph = graphs[i]
        draw_graph(graph,
                   size=None,
                   pos=graph.graph.get('pos_dict', None),
                   **args)
    if args.get('file_name', None) is None:
        plt.show()
    else:
        row_file_name = '%d_' % (index) + args['file_name']
        plt.savefig(row_file_name,
                    bbox_inches='tight',
                    transparent=True,
                    pad_inches=0)
        plt.close() 

def plot_confusion_matrices(y_true, y_pred, size=12):
    """plot_confusion_matrices."""
    plt.figure(figsize=(size, size))
    plt.subplot(121)
    plot_confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred, normalize=False)
    plt.subplot(122)
    plot_confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred, normalize=True)
    plt.tight_layout(w_pad=5)
    plt.show() 

def plot_aucs(y_true, y_score, size=12):
    """plot_confusion_matrices."""
    plt.figure(figsize=(size, size / 2.0))
    plt.subplot(121, aspect='equal')
    plot_roc_curve(y_true, y_score)
    plt.subplot(122, aspect='equal')
    plot_precision_recall_curve(y_true, y_score)
    plt.tight_layout(w_pad=5)
    plt.show() 

def plot(self, axes=None, show_labels=True, **kwargs):

        if self.dim == 2:

            # Create a figure if needed
            if axes is None:
                axes = plt.subplot(111)

            axes.plot(self.X[0,:], self.X[1,:], **kwargs)
            axes.axis(aspect='equal')
            plt.show()


        elif self.dim == 3:
            if axes is None:
                fig = plt.figure()
                axes = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
            axes.scatter(self.X[0,:], self.X[1,:], self.X[2,:], **kwargs)
             
            axes.set_xlabel('X')
            axes.set_ylabel('Y')
            axes.set_zlabel('Z')
            plt.show()

        if show_labels and self.labels is not None:
            eps = np.linalg.norm(self.X[:,0] - self.X[:,1])/100
            for i in xrange(self.m):
                if self.dim == 2:
                    axes.text(self.X[0,i]+eps, self.X[1,i]+eps, self.labels[i])
                elif self.dim == 3:
                    axes.text(self.X[0,i]+eps, self.X[1,i]+eps, self.X[2,i]+eps, self.labels[i], None)

        return axes 

def makeplot(rs, ps, outDir, class_name, iou_type):
    cs = np.vstack([
        np.ones((2, 3)),
        np.array([.31, .51, .74]),
        np.array([.75, .31, .30]),
        np.array([.36, .90, .38]),
        np.array([.50, .39, .64]),
        np.array([1, .6, 0])
    ])
    areaNames = ['allarea', 'small', 'medium', 'large']
    types = ['C75', 'C50', 'Loc', 'Sim', 'Oth', 'BG', 'FN']
    for i in range(len(areaNames)):
        area_ps = ps[..., i, 0]
        figure_tile = iou_type + '-' + class_name + '-' + areaNames[i]
        aps = [ps_.mean() for ps_ in area_ps]
        ps_curve = [
            ps_.mean(axis=1) if ps_.ndim > 1 else ps_ for ps_ in area_ps
        ]
        ps_curve.insert(0, np.zeros(ps_curve[0].shape))
        fig = plt.figure()
        ax = plt.subplot(111)
        for k in range(len(types)):
            ax.plot(rs, ps_curve[k + 1], color=[0, 0, 0], linewidth=0.5)
            ax.fill_between(
                rs,
                ps_curve[k],
                ps_curve[k + 1],
                color=cs[k],
                label=str(f'[{aps[k]:.3f}]' + types[k]))
        plt.xlabel('recall')
        plt.ylabel('precision')
        plt.xlim(0, 1.)
        plt.ylim(0, 1.)
        plt.title(figure_tile)
        plt.legend()
        # plt.show()
        fig.savefig(outDir + f'/{figure_tile}.png')
        plt.close(fig) 

def show_mask_single(images, mask, Mean=(2, 2, 2), Std=(0.5,0.5,0.5)):
    im_size = images.size(2)

    # save for adding mask
    im_data = images.clone()
    for i in range(0, 3):
        im_data[:,i,:,:] = im_data[:,i,:,:] * Std[i] + Mean[i]    # unnormalize

    images = make_image(torchvision.utils.make_grid(images), Mean, Std)
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
    plt.imshow(images)
    plt.axis('off')

    # for b in range(mask.size(0)):
    #     mask[b] = (mask[b] - mask[b].min())/(mask[b].max() - mask[b].min())
    mask_size = mask.size(2)
    # print('Max %f Min %f' % (mask.max(), mask.min()))
    mask = (upsampling(mask, scale_factor=im_size/mask_size))
    # mask = colorize(upsampling(mask, scale_factor=im_size/mask_size))
    # for c in range(3):
    #     mask[:,c,:,:] = (mask[:,c,:,:] - Mean[c])/Std[c]

    # print(mask.size())
    mask = make_image(torchvision.utils.make_grid(0.3*im_data+0.7*mask.expand_as(im_data)))
    # mask = make_image(torchvision.utils.make_grid(0.3*im_data+0.7*mask), Mean, Std)
    plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
    plt.imshow(mask)
    plt.axis('off') 

def show_mask(images, masklist, Mean=(2, 2, 2), Std=(0.5,0.5,0.5)):
    im_size = images.size(2)

    # save for adding mask
    im_data = images.clone()
    for i in range(0, 3):
        im_data[:,i,:,:] = im_data[:,i,:,:] * Std[i] + Mean[i]    # unnormalize

    images = make_image(torchvision.utils.make_grid(images), Mean, Std)
    plt.subplot(1+len(masklist), 1, 1)
    plt.imshow(images)
    plt.axis('off')

    for i in range(len(masklist)):
        mask = masklist[i].data.cpu()
        # for b in range(mask.size(0)):
        #     mask[b] = (mask[b] - mask[b].min())/(mask[b].max() - mask[b].min())
        mask_size = mask.size(2)
        # print('Max %f Min %f' % (mask.max(), mask.min()))
        mask = (upsampling(mask, scale_factor=im_size/mask_size))
        # mask = colorize(upsampling(mask, scale_factor=im_size/mask_size))
        # for c in range(3):
        #     mask[:,c,:,:] = (mask[:,c,:,:] - Mean[c])/Std[c]

        # print(mask.size())
        mask = make_image(torchvision.utils.make_grid(0.3*im_data+0.7*mask.expand_as(im_data)))
        # mask = make_image(torchvision.utils.make_grid(0.3*im_data+0.7*mask), Mean, Std)
        plt.subplot(1+len(masklist), 1, i+2)
        plt.imshow(mask)
        plt.axis('off')



# x = torch.zeros(1, 3, 3)
# out = colorize(x)
# out_im = make_image(out)
# plt.imshow(out_im)
# plt.show() 

def show_fashion_mnist(images, labels):
    _, figs = plt.subplot(1, len(images), figsize=(12, 12))
    for f, img, lbl in zip(figs, images, labels):
        f.imshow(img.view((28, 28)).numpy())
        f.set_title(lbl)
        f.axes.get_xaxis().set_visible(False)
        f.axes.get_yaxis().set_visible(False)
    plt.show() 

def show_images(images, rgb=True):
    gs = gridspec.GridSpec(1, len(images))
    for i, image in enumerate(images):
        plt.subplot(gs[0, i])
        if rgb:
            plt.imshow(image)
        else:
            image = image.reshape(image.shape[0], image.shape[1])
            plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
        plt.axis('off')
    plt.show() 

def plot_wave(sound_files, sound_names):
    """plot wave"""
    i = 1
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 64))
    for f, n in zip(sound_files, sound_names):
        y, sr = librosa.load(os.path.join('./data/esc10/audio/', f))
        plt.subplot(10, 1, i)
        librosa.display.waveplot(y, sr, x_axis=None)
        plt.title(n + ' - ' + 'Wave')

        i += 1

    plt.tight_layout(pad=10)
    plt.show() 

def plot_spectrum(sound_files, sound_names):
    """plot log power spectrum"""
    i = 1
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 64))
    for f, n in zip(sound_files, sound_names):
        y, sr = librosa.load(os.path.join('./data/esc10/audio/', f))
        plt.subplot(10, 1, i)
        D = librosa.logamplitude(np.abs(librosa.stft(y)) ** 2, ref_power=np.max)
        librosa.display.specshow(D, sr=sr, y_axis='log')
        plt.title(n + ' - ' + 'Spectrum')

        i += 1

    plt.tight_layout(pad=10)
    plt.show() 

def _place_plots(self):
        number_of_subplots = len(self._plots)
        idx = 1
        for n, v in self._plots.items():
            v.place_plot(plt.subplot(number_of_subplots, 1, idx))
            idx += 1 

def plot_priors():
  g0s_prior_mean_bxn = train_modelvals['prior_g0_mean']
  g0s_prior_var_bxn = train_modelvals['prior_g0_var']
  g0s_post_mean_bxn = train_modelvals['posterior_g0_mean']
  g0s_post_var_bxn = train_modelvals['posterior_g0_var']

  plt.figure(figsize=(10,4), tight_layout=True);
  plt.subplot(1,2,1)
  plt.hist(g0s_post_mean_bxn.flatten(), bins=20, color='b');
  plt.hist(g0s_prior_mean_bxn.flatten(), bins=20, color='g');

  plt.title('Histogram of Prior/Posterior Mean Values')
  plt.subplot(1,2,2)
  plt.hist((g0s_post_var_bxn.flatten()), bins=20, color='b');
  plt.hist((g0s_prior_var_bxn.flatten()), bins=20, color='g');
  plt.title('Histogram of Prior/Posterior Log Variance Values')

  plt.figure(figsize=(10,10), tight_layout=True)
  plt.subplot(2,2,1)
  plt.imshow(g0s_prior_mean_bxn.T, interpolation='nearest', cmap='jet')
  plt.colorbar(fraction=0.025, pad=0.04)
  plt.title('Prior g0 means')

  plt.subplot(2,2,2)
  plt.imshow(g0s_post_mean_bxn.T, interpolation='nearest', cmap='jet')
  plt.colorbar(fraction=0.025, pad=0.04)
  plt.title('Posterior g0 means');

  plt.subplot(2,2,3)
  plt.imshow(g0s_prior_var_bxn.T, interpolation='nearest', cmap='jet')
  plt.colorbar(fraction=0.025, pad=0.04)
  plt.title('Prior g0 variance Values')

  plt.subplot(2,2,4)
  plt.imshow(g0s_post_var_bxn.T, interpolation='nearest', cmap='jet')
  plt.colorbar(fraction=0.025, pad=0.04)
  plt.title('Posterior g0 variance Values')

  plt.figure(figsize=(10,5))
  plt.stem(np.sort(np.log(g0s_post_mean_bxn.std(axis=0))));
  plt.title('Log standard deviation of h0 means'); 

def plot_curve(stats, path, iserr):
    trainObj = np.array(stats.trainObj)
    valObj = np.array(stats.valObj)
    if iserr:
        trainTop1 = 100 - np.array(stats.trainTop1)
        trainTop5 = 100 - np.array(stats.trainTop5)
        valTop1 = 100 - np.array(stats.valTop1)
        valTop5 = 100 - np.array(stats.valTop5)
        titleName = 'error'
    else:
        trainTop1 = np.array(stats.trainTop1)
        trainTop5 = np.array(stats.trainTop5)
        valTop1 = np.array(stats.valTop1)
        valTop5 = np.array(stats.valTop5)
        titleName = 'accuracy'
    epoch = len(trainObj)
    figure = plt.figure()
    obj = plt.subplot(1,3,1)
    obj.plot(range(1,epoch+1),trainObj,'o-',label = 'train')
    obj.plot(range(1,epoch+1),valObj,'o-',label = 'val')
    plt.xlabel('epoch')
    plt.title('objective')
    handles, labels = obj.get_legend_handles_labels()
    obj.legend(handles[::-1], labels[::-1])
    top1 = plt.subplot(1,3,2)
    top1.plot(range(1,epoch+1),trainTop1,'o-',label = 'train')
    top1.plot(range(1,epoch+1),valTop1,'o-',label = 'val')
    plt.title('top1'+titleName)
    plt.xlabel('epoch')
    handles, labels = top1.get_legend_handles_labels()
    top1.legend(handles[::-1], labels[::-1])
    top5 = plt.subplot(1,3,3)
    top5.plot(range(1,epoch+1),trainTop5,'o-',label = 'train')
    top5.plot(range(1,epoch+1),valTop5,'o-',label = 'val')
    plt.title('top5'+titleName)
    plt.xlabel('epoch')
    handles, labels = top5.get_legend_handles_labels()
    top5.legend(handles[::-1], labels[::-1])
    filename = os.path.join(path, 'net-train.pdf')
    figure.savefig(filename, bbox_inches='tight')
    plt.close() 

def visualize(img, proc_param, verts, cam, img_name='test_image'):
    """
    Renders the result in original image coordinate frame.
    """
    cam_for_render, vert_shifted = vis_util.get_original(
        proc_param, verts, cam, img_size=img.shape[:2])

    # Render results
    rend_img_overlay = renderer(
        vert_shifted*1.0, cam=cam_for_render, img=img, do_alpha=True)
    rend_img = renderer(
        vert_shifted*1.0, cam=cam_for_render, img_size=img.shape[:2])
    rend_img_vp1 = renderer.rotated(
        vert_shifted, 30, cam=cam_for_render, img_size=img.shape[:2])

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    fig = plt.figure(1)
    plt.clf()
    plt.subplot(221)
    plt.imshow(img)
    plt.title('input')
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.subplot(222)
    plt.imshow(rend_img_overlay)
    plt.title('3D Mesh overlay')
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.subplot(223)
    plt.imshow(rend_img)
    plt.title('3D mesh')
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.subplot(224)
    plt.imshow(rend_img_vp1)
    plt.title('diff vp')
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.draw()
    plt.show(block=False)
    fig.savefig(img_name + '.png')
    # import ipdb
    # ipdb.set_trace()