Python matplotlib.pyplot.plot() Examples

def demo_plot():
    audio = './data/esc10/audio/Dog/1-30226-A.ogg'
    y, sr = librosa.load(audio, sr=44100)
    y_ps = librosa.effects.pitch_shift(y, sr, n_steps=6)   # n_steps控制音调变化尺度
    y_ts = librosa.effects.time_stretch(y, rate=1.2)   # rate控制时间维度的变换尺度
    plt.subplot(311)
    plt.plot(y)
    plt.title('Original waveform')
    plt.axis([0, 200000, -0.4, 0.4])
    # plt.axis([88000, 94000, -0.4, 0.4])
    plt.subplot(312)
    plt.plot(y_ts)
    plt.title('Time Stretch transformed waveform')
    plt.axis([0, 200000, -0.4, 0.4])
    plt.subplot(313)
    plt.plot(y_ps)
    plt.title('Pitch Shift transformed waveform')
    plt.axis([0, 200000, -0.4, 0.4])
    # plt.axis([88000, 94000, -0.4, 0.4])
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show() 

def compute_roc(y_true, y_pred, plot=False):
    """
    TODO
    :param y_true: ground truth
    :param y_pred: predictions
    :param plot:
    :return:
    """
    fpr, tpr, _ = roc_curve(y_true, y_pred)
    auc_score = auc(fpr, tpr)
    if plot:
        plt.figure(figsize=(7, 6))
        plt.plot(fpr, tpr, color='blue',
                 label='ROC (AUC = %0.4f)' % auc_score)
        plt.legend(loc='lower right')
        plt.title("ROC Curve")
        plt.xlabel("FPR")
        plt.ylabel("TPR")
        plt.show()

    return fpr, tpr, auc_score 

def visualize_2D_trip(self, trip):
        plt.figure(figsize=(30,30))
        rcParams.update({'font.size': 22})

        # Plot cities
        plt.scatter(trip[:,0], trip[:,1], s=200)

        # Plot tour
        tour=np.array(list(range(len(trip))) + [0])
        X = trip[tour, 0]
        Y = trip[tour, 1]
        plt.plot(X, Y,"--", markersize=100)

        # Annotate cities with order
        labels = range(len(trip))
        for i, (x, y) in zip(labels,(zip(X,Y))):
            plt.annotate(i,xy=(x, y))  

        plt.xlim(0,100)
        plt.ylim(0,100)
        plt.show()


    # Heatmap of permutations (x=cities; y=steps) 

def plot_wh_methods():  # from utils.utils import *; plot_wh_methods()
    # Compares the two methods for width-height anchor multiplication
    # https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov3/issues/168
    x = np.arange(-4.0, 4.0, .1)
    ya = np.exp(x)
    yb = torch.sigmoid(torch.from_numpy(x)).numpy() * 2

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 3), dpi=150)
    plt.plot(x, ya, '.-', label='yolo method')
    plt.plot(x, yb ** 2, '.-', label='^2 power method')
    plt.plot(x, yb ** 2.5, '.-', label='^2.5 power method')
    plt.xlim(left=-4, right=4)
    plt.ylim(bottom=0, top=6)
    plt.xlabel('input')
    plt.ylabel('output')
    plt.legend()
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig('comparison.png', dpi=200) 

def visualize_2D_trip(self,trip,tw_open,tw_close):
        plt.figure(figsize=(30,30))
        rcParams.update({'font.size': 22})
        # Plot cities
        colors = ['red'] # Depot is first city
        for i in range(len(tw_open)-1):
            colors.append('blue')
        plt.scatter(trip[:,0], trip[:,1], color=colors, s=200)
        # Plot tour
        tour=np.array(list(range(len(trip))) + [0])
        X = trip[tour, 0]
        Y = trip[tour, 1]
        plt.plot(X, Y,"--", markersize=100)
        # Annotate cities with TW
        tw_open = np.rint(tw_open)
        tw_close = np.rint(tw_close)
        time_window = np.concatenate((tw_open,tw_close),axis=1)
        for tw, (x, y) in zip(time_window,(zip(X,Y))):
            plt.annotate(tw,xy=(x, y))  
        plt.xlim(0,60)
        plt.ylim(0,60)
        plt.show()


    # Heatmap of permutations (x=cities; y=steps) 

def create_scats(self, varieties):
        self.scats = pd.DataFrame(columns=["x", "y", "color", "marker", "var"])
        for i, var in enumerate(varieties):
            self.legend.append(var)
            (x_array, y_array) = self.get_arrays(varieties, var)
            if len(x_array) <= 0:  # no data to graph!
                '''
                I am creating a single "position" for an agent that cannot
                be seen. This seems to fix the issue of colors being
                missmatched in the occasion that a group has no agents.
                '''
                x_array = [-1]
                y_array = [-1]
            elif len(x_array) != len(y_array):
                logging.debug("Array length mismatch in scatter plot")
                return
            color = get_color(varieties[var], i)
            marker = get_marker(varieties[var], i)
            scat = pd.DataFrame({"x": pd.Series(x_array),
                                 "y": pd.Series(y_array),
                                 "color": color,
                                 "marker": marker,
                                 "var": var})
            self.scats = self.scats.append(scat, ignore_index=True,
                                           sort=False) 

def plot(PDF, figName, imgpath, show=False, save=True):
    # plot
    output = PDF.get_constraint_value()
    plt.plot(PDF.experimentalDistances,PDF.experimentalPDF, 'ro', label="experimental", markersize=7.5, markevery=1 )
    plt.plot(PDF.shellsCenter, output["pdf"], 'k', linewidth=3.0,  markevery=25, label="total" )

    styleIndex = 0
    for key in output:
        val = output[key]
        if key in ("pdf_total", "pdf"):
            continue
        elif "inter" in key:
            plt.plot(PDF.shellsCenter, val, STYLE[styleIndex], markevery=5, label=key.split('rdf_inter_')[1] )
            styleIndex+=1
    plt.legend(frameon=False, ncol=1)
    # set labels
    plt.title("$\\chi^{2}=%.6f$"%PDF.squaredDeviations, size=20)
    plt.xlabel("$r (\AA)$", size=20)
    plt.ylabel("$g(r)$", size=20)
    # show plot
    if save: plt.savefig(figName)
    if show: plt.show()
    plt.close() 

def plot_evolution_results(hyp):  # from utils.utils import *; plot_evolution_results(hyp)
    # Plot hyperparameter evolution results in evolve.txt
    x = np.loadtxt('evolve.txt', ndmin=2)
    f = fitness(x)
    weights = (f - f.min()) ** 2  # for weighted results
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
    matplotlib.rc('font', **{'size': 8})
    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(hyp.items()):
        y = x[:, i + 5]
        # mu = (y * weights).sum() / weights.sum()  # best weighted result
        mu = y[f.argmax()]  # best single result
        plt.subplot(4, 5, i + 1)
        plt.plot(mu, f.max(), 'o', markersize=10)
        plt.plot(y, f, '.')
        plt.title('%s = %.3g' % (k, mu), fontdict={'size': 9})  # limit to 40 characters
        print('%15s: %.3g' % (k, mu))
    fig.tight_layout()
    plt.savefig('evolve.png', dpi=200) 

def plot_roc_curve(y_true, y_score, size=None):
    """plot_roc_curve."""
    false_positive_rate, true_positive_rate, thresholds = roc_curve(
        y_true, y_score)
    if size is not None:
        plt.figure(figsize=(size, size))
        plt.axis('equal')
    plt.plot(false_positive_rate, true_positive_rate, lw=2, color='navy')
    plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], color='gray', lw=1, linestyle='--')
    plt.xlabel('False positive rate')
    plt.ylabel('True positive rate')
    plt.ylim([-0.05, 1.05])
    plt.xlim([-0.05, 1.05])
    plt.grid()
    plt.title('Receiver operating characteristic AUC={0:0.2f}'.format(
        roc_auc_score(y_true, y_score))) 

def plot_mul(Y_hat, Y, pred_len):
    """
    PLots the predicted data versus true data

    Input: Predicted data, True Data, Length of prediction
    Output: return plot

    Note: Run from timeSeriesPredict.py
    """
    fig = plt.figure(facecolor='white')
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    ax.plot(Y, label='Y')
    # Print the predictions in its respective series-length
    for i, j in enumerate(Y_hat):
        shift = [None for p in range(i * pred_len)]
        plt.plot(shift + j, label='Y_hat')
        plt.legend()
    plt.show() 

def visualize_anomaly(y_true, reconstruction_error, threshold):
    error_df = pd.DataFrame({'reconstruction_error': reconstruction_error,
                             'true_class': y_true})
    print(error_df.describe())

    groups = error_df.groupby('true_class')
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()

    for name, group in groups:
        ax.plot(group.index, group.reconstruction_error, marker='o', ms=3.5, linestyle='',
                label="Fraud" if name == 1 else "Normal")

    ax.hlines(threshold, ax.get_xlim()[0], ax.get_xlim()[1], colors="r", zorder=100, label='Threshold')
    ax.legend()
    plt.title("Reconstruction error for different classes")
    plt.ylabel("Reconstruction error")
    plt.xlabel("Data point index")
    plt.show() 

def plot_time_series(vals_bxtxn, bidx=None, n_to_plot=np.inf, scale=1.0,
                     color='r', title=None):

  if bidx is None:
    vals_txn = np.mean(vals_bxtxn, axis=0)
  else:
    vals_txn = vals_bxtxn[bidx,:,:]

  T, N = vals_txn.shape
  if n_to_plot > N:
    n_to_plot = N

  plt.plot(vals_txn[:,0:n_to_plot] + scale*np.array(range(n_to_plot)),
           color=color, lw=1.0)
  plt.axis('tight')
  if title:
    plt.title(title) 

def compute_roc_rfeinman(probs_neg, probs_pos, plot=False):
    """
    TODO
    :param probs_neg:
    :param probs_pos:
    :param plot:
    :return:
    """
    probs = np.concatenate((probs_neg, probs_pos))
    labels = np.concatenate((np.zeros_like(probs_neg), np.ones_like(probs_pos)))
    fpr, tpr, _ = roc_curve(labels, probs)
    auc_score = auc(fpr, tpr)
    if plot:
        plt.figure(figsize=(7, 6))
        plt.plot(fpr, tpr, color='blue',
                 label='ROC (AUC = %0.4f)' % auc_score)
        plt.legend(loc='lower right')
        plt.title("ROC Curve")
        plt.xlabel("FPR")
        plt.ylabel("TPR")
        plt.show()

    return fpr, tpr, auc_score 

def visualize_sampling(self, permutations):
        max_length = len(permutations[0])
        grid = np.zeros([max_length,max_length]) # initialize heatmap grid to 0

        transposed_permutations = np.transpose(permutations)
        for t, cities_t in enumerate(transposed_permutations): # step t, cities chosen at step t
            city_indices, counts = np.unique(cities_t,return_counts=True,axis=0)
            for u,v in zip(city_indices, counts):
                grid[t][u]+=v # update grid with counts from the batch of permutations

        # plot heatmap
        fig = plt.figure()
        rcParams.update({'font.size': 22})
        ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
        ax.set_aspect('equal')
        plt.imshow(grid, interpolation='nearest', cmap='gray')
        plt.colorbar()
        plt.title('Sampled permutations')
        plt.ylabel('Time t')
        plt.xlabel('City i')
        plt.show() 

def plot_iou_recall(recalls, iou_thrs):
    """Plot IoU-Recalls curve.

    Args:
        recalls(ndarray or list): shape (k,)
        iou_thrs(ndarray or list): same shape as `recalls`
    """
    if isinstance(iou_thrs, np.ndarray):
        _iou_thrs = iou_thrs.tolist()
    else:
        _iou_thrs = iou_thrs
    if isinstance(recalls, np.ndarray):
        _recalls = recalls.tolist()
    else:
        _recalls = recalls

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    f = plt.figure()
    plt.plot(_iou_thrs + [1.0], _recalls + [0.])
    plt.xlabel('IoU')
    plt.ylabel('Recall')
    plt.axis([iou_thrs.min(), 1, 0, 1])
    f.show() 

def plot_num_recall(recalls, proposal_nums):
    """Plot Proposal_num-Recalls curve.

    Args:
        recalls(ndarray or list): shape (k,)
        proposal_nums(ndarray or list): same shape as `recalls`
    """
    if isinstance(proposal_nums, np.ndarray):
        _proposal_nums = proposal_nums.tolist()
    else:
        _proposal_nums = proposal_nums
    if isinstance(recalls, np.ndarray):
        _recalls = recalls.tolist()
    else:
        _recalls = recalls

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    f = plt.figure()
    plt.plot([0] + _proposal_nums, [0] + _recalls)
    plt.xlabel('Proposal num')
    plt.ylabel('Recall')
    plt.axis([0, proposal_nums.max(), 0, 1])
    f.show() 

def plot_images(imgs, targets, paths=None, fname='images.jpg'):
    # Plots training images overlaid with targets
    imgs = imgs.cpu().numpy()
    targets = targets.cpu().numpy()
    # targets = targets[targets[:, 1] == 21]  # plot only one class

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
    bs, _, h, w = imgs.shape  # batch size, _, height, width
    bs = min(bs, 16)  # limit plot to 16 images
    ns = np.ceil(bs ** 0.5)  # number of subplots

    for i in range(bs):
        boxes = xywh2xyxy(targets[targets[:, 0] == i, 2:6]).T
        boxes[[0, 2]] *= w
        boxes[[1, 3]] *= h
        plt.subplot(ns, ns, i + 1).imshow(imgs[i].transpose(1, 2, 0))
        plt.plot(boxes[[0, 2, 2, 0, 0]], boxes[[1, 1, 3, 3, 1]], '.-')
        plt.axis('off')
        if paths is not None:
            s = Path(paths[i]).name
            plt.title(s[:min(len(s), 40)], fontdict={'size': 8})  # limit to 40 characters
    fig.tight_layout()
    fig.savefig(fname, dpi=200)
    plt.close() 

def plot_results(start=0, stop=0):  # from utils.utils import *; plot_results()
    # Plot training results files 'results*.txt'
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(2, 5, figsize=(14, 7))
    ax = ax.ravel()
    s = ['GIoU', 'Objectness', 'Classification', 'Precision', 'Recall',
         'val GIoU', 'val Objectness', 'val Classification', 'mAP', 'F1']
    for f in sorted(glob.glob('results*.txt') + glob.glob('../../Downloads/results*.txt')):
        results = np.loadtxt(f, usecols=[2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 10, 11], ndmin=2).T
        n = results.shape[1]  # number of rows
        x = range(start, min(stop, n) if stop else n)
        for i in range(10):
            y = results[i, x]
            if i in [0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7]:
                y[y == 0] = np.nan  # dont show zero loss values
            ax[i].plot(x, y, marker='.', label=f.replace('.txt', ''))
            ax[i].set_title(s[i])
            if i in [5, 6, 7]:  # share train and val loss y axes
                ax[i].get_shared_y_axes().join(ax[i], ax[i - 5])

    fig.tight_layout()
    ax[1].legend()
    fig.savefig('results.png', dpi=200) 

def plot_results_overlay(start=0, stop=0):  # from utils.utils import *; plot_results_overlay()
    # Plot training results files 'results*.txt', overlaying train and val losses
    s = ['train', 'train', 'train', 'Precision', 'mAP', 'val', 'val', 'val', 'Recall', 'F1']  # legends
    t = ['GIoU', 'Objectness', 'Classification', 'P-R', 'mAP-F1']  # titles
    for f in sorted(glob.glob('results*.txt') + glob.glob('../../Downloads/results*.txt')):
        results = np.loadtxt(f, usecols=[2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 10, 11], ndmin=2).T
        n = results.shape[1]  # number of rows
        x = range(start, min(stop, n) if stop else n)
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 5, figsize=(14, 3.5))
        ax = ax.ravel()
        for i in range(5):
            for j in [i, i + 5]:
                y = results[j, x]
                if i in [0, 1, 2]:
                    y[y == 0] = np.nan  # dont show zero loss values
                ax[i].plot(x, y, marker='.', label=s[j])
            ax[i].set_title(t[i])
            ax[i].legend()
            ax[i].set_ylabel(f) if i == 0 else None  # add filename
        fig.tight_layout()
        fig.savefig(f.replace('.txt', '.png'), dpi=200) 

def run_eval(sess, test_X, test_y):
    ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((test_X, test_y))
    ds = ds.batch(1)
    X, y = ds.make_one_shot_iterator().get_next()

    with tf.variable_scope("model", reuse=True):
        prediction, _, _ = lstm_model(X, [0.0], False)
        predictions = []
        labels = []
        for i in range(TESTING_EXAMPLES):
            p, l = sess.run([prediction, y])
            predictions.append(p)
            labels.append(l)

    predictions = np.array(predictions).squeeze()
    labels = np.array(labels).squeeze()
    rmse = np.sqrt(((predictions-labels) ** 2).mean(axis=0))
    print("Mean Square Error is: %f" % rmse)

    plt.figure()
    plt.plot(predictions, label='predictions')
    plt.plot(labels, label='real_sin')
    plt.legend()
    plt.show() 

def plot_3(data):
    x = data.Iteration.unique()
    y_mean = data.groupby('Iteration').mean()
    y_std = data.groupby('Iteration').std()
    
    sns.set(style="darkgrid", font_scale=1.5)
    value = 'AverageReturn'
    plt.plot(x, y_mean[value], label=data['Condition'].unique()[0] + '_train');
    plt.fill_between(x, y_mean[value] - y_std[value], y_mean[value] + y_std[value], alpha=0.2);
    value = 'ValAverageReturn'
    plt.plot(x, y_mean[value], label=data['Condition'].unique()[0] + '_test');
    plt.fill_between(x, y_mean[value] - y_std[value], y_mean[value] + y_std[value], alpha=0.2);
    
    plt.xlabel('Iteration')
    plt.ylabel('AverageReturn')
    plt.legend(loc='best') 

def task_3_IQR(flight_data):
    plot=plt.boxplot(flight_data['Price'],patch_artist=True)
    for median in plot['medians']:
        median.set(color='#fc0004', linewidth=2)
    for flier in plot['fliers']:
        flier.set(marker='+', color='#e7298a')
    for whisker in plot['whiskers']:
        whisker.set(color='#7570b3', linewidth=2)
    for cap in plot['caps']:
        cap.set(color='#7570b3', linewidth=2)
    for box in plot['boxes']:
        box.set(color='#7570b3', linewidth=2)
        box.set(facecolor='#1b9e77')
    plt.matplotlib.pyplot.savefig('task_3_iqr.png')
    clean_data=[]
    for index,row in flight_data.loc[flight_data['Price'].isin(plot['fliers'][0].get_ydata())].iterrows():
        clean_data.append([row['Price'],row['Date_of_Flight']])
    return pd.DataFrame(clean_data, columns=['Price', 'Date_of_Flight']) 

def dist_from_segment(P1, P2, P3):
    """ Calculate the distance of a point P3 from a segment defined by [P1,P2]

    :param P1: ndarray([2]) or [2]
    :param P2: ndarray([2]) or [2]
    :param P3: ndarray([2]) or [2]

    :return dist: float
    """
    l2P2P1 = l2_dist(P2,P1)
    if l2P2P1 == 0:
        return dist(P1,P3)
    x1, y1 = P1
    x2, y2 = P2
    x3, y3 = P3
    u = ((x3-x1)*(x2-x1) + (y3-y1)*(y2-y1)) / l2P2P1
    x = x1 + u*(x2-x1)
    y = y1 + u*(y2-y1)
    if u > 1.0:
        x, y = P2
    if u < 0.0:
        x, y = P1
    #plot([x3, x],[y3, y],'k--')
    return dist([x,y], P3) 

def plot_roc_curve(y, p):
    fpr, tpr, _ = roc_curve(y, p)

    plt.plot(fpr, tpr)
    plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], color='navy', linestyle='--')
    plt.xlim([0.0, 1.0])
    plt.ylim([0.0, 1.05])
    plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')
    plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate') 

def plot_prediction(x, y_true, y_pred, input_ruitu=None):
    """Plots the predictions.
    
    Arguments
    ---------
    x: Input sequence of shape (input_sequence_length,
        dimension_of_signal)
    y_true: True output sequence of shape (input_sequence_length,
        dimension_of_signal)
    y_pred: Predicted output sequence (input_sequence_length,
        dimension_of_signal)
    """

    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))

    output_dim = x.shape[-1]# feature dimension
    for j in range(output_dim):
        past = x[:, j] 
        true = y_true[:, j]
        pred = y_pred[:, j]
        if input_ruitu is not None:
            ruitu = input_ruitu[:, j]

        label1 = "Seen (past) values" if j==0 else "_nolegend_"
        label2 = "True future values" if j==0 else "_nolegend_"
        label3 = "Predictions" if j==0 else "_nolegend_"
        label4 = "Ruitu values" if j==0 else "_nolegend_"

        plt.plot(range(len(past)), past, "o-g",
                 label=label1)
        plt.plot(range(len(past),
                 len(true)+len(past)), true, "x--g", label=label2)
        plt.plot(range(len(past), len(pred)+len(past)), pred, "o--y",
                 label=label3)
        if input_ruitu is not None:
            plt.plot(range(len(past), len(ruitu)+len(past)), ruitu, "o--r",
                 label=label4)
    plt.legend(loc='best')
    plt.title("Predictions v.s. true values v.s. Ruitu")
    plt.show() 

def visualize_sampling(self,permutations):
        max_length = len(permutations[0])
        grid = np.zeros([max_length,max_length]) # initialize heatmap grid to 0
        transposed_permutations = np.transpose(permutations)
        for t, cities_t in enumerate(transposed_permutations): # step t, cities chosen at step t
            city_indices, counts = np.unique(cities_t,return_counts=True,axis=0)
            for u,v in zip(city_indices, counts):
                grid[t][u]+=v # update grid with counts from the batch of permutations
        # plot heatmap
        fig = plt.figure()
        rcParams.update({'font.size': 22})
        ax = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
        ax.set_aspect('equal')
        plt.imshow(grid, interpolation='nearest', cmap='gray')
        plt.colorbar()
        plt.title('Sampled permutations')
        plt.ylabel('Time t')
        plt.xlabel('City i')
        plt.show()

    # Heatmap of attention (x=cities; y=steps) 

def load_and_plot_constraints_benchmark():
    benchmark = np.loadtxt(fname='benchmark_constraints_time.dat')
    tried     = np.loadtxt(fname='benchmark_constraints_tried.dat')
    accepted  = np.loadtxt(fname='benchmark_constraints_accepted.dat')
    # plot
    keys = open('benchmark_constraints_time.dat').readlines()[0].split("#")[1].split()
    minY = 0
    maxY = 0
    for idx in range(1,len(keys)):
        style = '-'
        if keys[idx] == 'all':
            style = '.-'
        # mean accepted
        meanAccepted = int( sum(benchmark[:,0]*accepted[:,idx])/sum(benchmark[:,0]) )
        plt.plot(benchmark[:,0], benchmark[:,idx], style, label=keys[idx]+" (%i)"%meanAccepted)
        minY = min(minY, min(benchmark[:,idx]) )
        maxY = max(minY, max(benchmark[:,idx]) )
    # annotate tried(accepted)
    for i, txt in enumerate( accepted[:,-1] ):
        T = 100*float(tried[i,-1])/float(tried[1,1])
        A = 100*float(accepted[i,-1])/float(tried[1,1])
        plt.gca().annotate( "%.2f%% (%.2f%%)"%(T,A),  #"%i (%i)"%( int(tried[i,-1]),int(txt) ),
                            xy = (benchmark[i,0],benchmark[i,-1]),
                            rotation=90,
                            horizontalalignment='center',
                            verticalalignment='bottom')
    # show plot
    plt.legend(frameon=False, loc='upper left')
    plt.xlabel("Number of atoms per group")
    plt.ylabel("Time per step (s)")
    plt.gcf().patch.set_facecolor('white')
    # set fig size
    #figSize = plt.gcf().get_size_inches()
    #figSize[1] = figSize[1]+figSize[1]/2.
    #plt.gcf().set_size_inches(figSize, forward=True)
    plt.ylim((None, maxY+0.3*(maxY-minY)))
    # save
    plt.savefig("benchmark_constraint.png")
    # plot
    plt.show() 

def load_and_plot_steps_benchmark(constraint="all", groupSize=13):
    benchmark = np.loadtxt(fname='benchmark_%sSteps_%iGroupSize_time.dat'%(constraint,groupSize) )
    tried     = np.loadtxt(fname='benchmark_%sSteps_%iGroupSize_tried.dat'%(constraint,groupSize) )
    accepted  = np.loadtxt(fname='benchmark_%sSteps_%iGroupSize_accepted.dat'%(constraint,groupSize) )
    # plot benchmark
    plt.plot(benchmark[:,0], benchmark[:,1])
    minY = min(benchmark[:,1])
    maxY = max(benchmark[:,1])
    # annotate tried(accepted)
    for i, txt in enumerate( accepted[:,-1] ):
        T = 100*float(tried[i,-1])/float(benchmark[i,0])
        A = 100*float(accepted[i,-1])/float(benchmark[i,0])
        plt.gca().annotate( "%.2f%% (%.2f%%)"%(T,A),  #str(int(tried[i,-1]))+" ("+str(int(txt))+")",
                            xy = (benchmark[i,0],benchmark[i,-1]),
                            rotation=90,
                            horizontalalignment='center',
                            verticalalignment='bottom')
    # show plot
    plt.legend(frameon=False, loc='upper left')
    plt.xlabel("Number of steps")
    plt.ylabel("Time per step (s)")
    plt.gcf().patch.set_facecolor('white')
    # set fig size
    #figSize = plt.gcf().get_size_inches()
    #figSize[1] = figSize[1]+figSize[1]/2.
    #plt.gcf().set_size_inches(figSize, forward=True)
    plt.ylim((None, maxY+0.3*(maxY-minY)))
    # save
    plt.savefig("benchmark_steps.png")
    # plot
    plt.show()



##########################################################################################
#####################################  RUN BENCHMARKS  ################################### 

def plot_training_history(history):
    if history is None:
        return
    plt.plot(history['loss'])
    plt.plot(history['val_loss'])
    plt.title('model loss')
    plt.ylabel('loss')
    plt.xlabel('epoch')
    plt.legend(['train', 'test'], loc='upper right')
    plt.show() 

def plot(self):
        plot(self.polygon[:,0], self.polygon[:,1], '--')
        plot(self.X[self.In].flatten(), self.Y[self.In].flatten(), 'k.')