Python subprocess.CalledProcessError() Examples

def run_command(args, wait=False):

    try:
        if (wait):
            p = subprocess.Popen(
                args, 
                stdout = subprocess.PIPE)
            p.wait()
        else:
            p = subprocess.Popen(
                args, 
                stdin = None, stdout = None, stderr = None, close_fds = True)

        (result, error) = p.communicate()
        
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        sys.stderr.write(
            "common::run_command() : [ERROR]: output = %s, error code = %s\n" 
            % (e.output, e.returncode))

    return result 

def my_thread():
  global files,path,timeout,options
  myname= threading.currentThread().getName()
  while files:
     #create command to run
     nextfile=files.pop() 
     #print name of thread and command being run
     print('Thread {0} starts processing {1}'.format(myname,nextfile))
     f=path + nextfile + options
     try:
        #timeout interrupts frozen command, shell=True does'nt open a console
        subprocess.check_call(args= f , shell=True, timeout=timeout)
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        print('Thread {0} Processing {0} took too long' .format(myname,nextfile))
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: 
        print ('Thread {0} Processing {1} returned error {2}:{3}'.format(myname,nextfile,e.returncode,e.output))
     except Exception as e:
        print ('Thread {0} Processing {1} returned error {2}'.format(myname,nextfile,type(e).__name__))
  print ('thread {0} stopped'.format(myname)) 

def service_running(service_name):
    """Determine whether a system service is running"""
    if init_is_systemd():
        return service('is-active', service_name)
    else:
        try:
            output = subprocess.check_output(
                ['service', service_name, 'status'],
                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).decode('UTF-8')
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            return False
        else:
            # This works for upstart scripts where the 'service' command
            # returns a consistent string to represent running 'start/running'
            if ("start/running" in output or "is running" in output or
                    "up and running" in output):
                return True
            # Check System V scripts init script return codes
            if service_name in systemv_services_running():
                return True
            return False 

def is_crm_leader(resource, retry=False):
    """
    Returns True if the charm calling this is the elected corosync leader,
    as returned by calling the external "crm" command.

    We allow this operation to be retried to avoid the possibility of getting a
    false negative. See LP #1396246 for more info.
    """
    if resource == DC_RESOURCE_NAME:
        return is_crm_dc()
    cmd = ['crm', 'resource', 'show', resource]
    try:
        status = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        if not isinstance(status, six.text_type):
            status = six.text_type(status, "utf-8")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        status = None

    if status and get_unit_hostname() in status:
        return True

    if status and "resource %s is NOT running" % (resource) in status:
        raise CRMResourceNotFound("CRM resource %s not found" % (resource))

    return False 

def _git_update_requirements(venv, package_dir, reqs_dir):
    """
    Update from global requirements.

    Update an OpenStack git directory's requirements.txt and
    test-requirements.txt from global-requirements.txt.
    """
    orig_dir = os.getcwd()
    os.chdir(reqs_dir)
    python = os.path.join(venv, 'bin/python')
    cmd = [python, 'update.py', package_dir]
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        package = os.path.basename(package_dir)
        error_out("Error updating {} from "
                  "global-requirements.txt".format(package))
    os.chdir(orig_dir) 

def run_command(command, wait=False):

    try:
        if (wait):

            p = subprocess.Popen(
                [command], 
                stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
                shell = True)
            p.wait()
        else:
            p = subprocess.Popen(
                [command], 
                shell = True, 
                stdin = None, stdout = None, stderr = None, close_fds = True)

        (result, error) = p.communicate()
        
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        sys.stderr.write(
            "common::run_command() : [ERROR]: output = %s, error code = %s\n" 
            % (e.output, e.returncode))

    return result 

def del_addr(linkname, address):
        try:
            subprocess.run(['ip', 'address', 'del', address, 'dev', str(linkname)], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=False, check=True)
            return [True, str(linkname)]
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as suberror:
            return [False, "delete address failed : %s" % suberror.stdout.decode('utf-8')]


# ovs-vsctl list-br
# ovs-vsctl br-exists <Bridge>
# ovs-vsctl add-br <Bridge>
# ovs-vsctl del-br <Bridge>
# ovs-vsctl list-ports <Bridge>
# ovs-vsctl del-port <Bridge> <Port>
# ovs-vsctl add-port <Bridge> <Port> -- set interface <Port> type=gre options:remote_ip=<RemoteIP>
# ovs-vsctl add-port <Bridge> <Port> tag=<ID> -- set interface <Port> type=internal
# ovs-vsctl port-to-br <Port>
# ovs-vsctl set Port <Port> tag=<ID>
# ovs-vsctl clear Port <Port> tag 

def install_python(version, arch, home):
    print("Installing Python", version, "for", arch, "bit architecture to", home)
    if exists(home):
        return

    path = download_python(version, arch)
    print("Installing", path, "to", home)
    success = False
    for cmd in INSTALL_CMD[version]:
        cmd = [part.format(home=home, path=path) for part in cmd]
        print("Running:", " ".join(cmd))
        try:
            check_call(cmd)
        except CalledProcessError as exc:
            print("Failed command", cmd, "with:", exc)
            if exists("install.log"):
                with open("install.log") as fh:
                    print(fh.read())
        else:
            success = True
    if success:
        print("Installation complete!")
    else:
        print("Installation failed") 

def stopScheduler():
		try:
			subprocess.check_call(["sudo", "service", "supervisor", "stop"])

		except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
			print "ERROR: couldn't stop the scheduler (supervisor): {reason}".format(reason=e)
			exit(-1)

		try:
			subprocess.check_call(["sudo", "service", "rabbitmq-server", "stop"])

		except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
			print "ERROR: couldn't stop the scheduler (rabbitmq): {reason}".format(reason=e)
			exit(-1)

		print "Scheduler stopped successfully!" 

def fstab_mount(mountpoint):
    """Mount filesystem using fstab"""
    cmd_args = ['mount', mountpoint]
    try:
        subprocess.check_output(cmd_args)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        log('Error unmounting {}\n{}'.format(mountpoint, e.output))
        return False
    return True 

def relation_get(attribute=None, unit=None, rid=None):
    """Get relation information"""
    _args = ['relation-get', '--format=json']
    if rid:
        _args.append('-r')
        _args.append(rid)
    _args.append(attribute or '-')
    if unit:
        _args.append(unit)
    try:
        return json.loads(subprocess.check_output(_args).decode('UTF-8'))
    except ValueError:
        return None
    except CalledProcessError as e:
        if e.returncode == 2:
            return None
        raise 

def is_crm_dc():
    """
    Determine leadership by querying the pacemaker Designated Controller
    """
    cmd = ['crm', 'status']
    try:
        status = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        if not isinstance(status, six.text_type):
            status = six.text_type(status, "utf-8")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as ex:
        raise CRMDCNotFound(str(ex))

    current_dc = ''
    for line in status.split('\n'):
        if line.startswith('Current DC'):
            # Current DC: juju-lytrusty-machine-2 (168108163) - partition with quorum
            current_dc = line.split(':')[1].split()[0]
    if current_dc == get_unit_hostname():
        return True
    elif current_dc == 'NONE':
        raise CRMDCNotFound('Current DC: NONE')

    return False 

def import_key(keyid):
    key = keyid.strip()
    if (key.startswith('-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----') and
            key.endswith('-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----')):
        juju_log("PGP key found (looks like ASCII Armor format)", level=DEBUG)
        juju_log("Importing ASCII Armor PGP key", level=DEBUG)
        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as keyfile:
            with open(keyfile.name, 'w') as fd:
                fd.write(key)
                fd.write("\n")

            cmd = ['apt-key', 'add', keyfile.name]
            try:
                subprocess.check_call(cmd)
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                error_out("Error importing PGP key '%s'" % key)
    else:
        juju_log("PGP key found (looks like Radix64 format)", level=DEBUG)
        juju_log("Importing PGP key from keyserver", level=DEBUG)
        cmd = ['apt-key', 'adv', '--keyserver',
               'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80', '--recv-keys', key]
        try:
            subprocess.check_call(cmd)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            error_out("Error importing PGP key '%s'" % key) 

def _clean_check(cmd, target):
    """
    Run the command to download target. If the command fails, clean up before
    re-raising the error.
    """
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        if os.access(target, os.F_OK):
            os.unlink(target)
        raise 

def install_python(version, arch, home):
    print("Installing Python", version, "for", arch, "bit architecture to", home)
    if exists(home):
        return

    path = download_python(version, arch)
    print("Installing", path, "to", home)
    success = False
    for cmd in INSTALL_CMD[version]:
        cmd = [part.format(home=home, path=path) for part in cmd]
        print("Running:", " ".join(cmd))
        try:
            check_call(cmd)
        except CalledProcessError as exc:
            print("Failed command", cmd, "with:", exc)
            if exists("install.log"):
                with open("install.log") as fh:
                    print(fh.read())
        else:
            success = True
    if success:
        print("Installation complete!")
    else:
        print("Installation failed") 

def try_initialize_swauth():
    if is_leader() and config('auth-type') == 'swauth':
        if leader_get('swauth-init') is not True:
            try:
                admin_key = config('swauth-admin-key')
                if admin_key == '' or admin_key is None:
                    admin_key = leader_get('swauth-admin-key')
                    if admin_key is None:
                        admin_key = uuid.uuid4()
                leader_set({'swauth-admin-key': admin_key})

                bind_port = config('bind-port')
                bind_port = determine_api_port(bind_port, singlenode_mode=True)
                subprocess.check_call([
                    'swauth-prep',
                    '-A',
                    'http://localhost:{}/auth'.format(bind_port),
                    '-K', admin_key])
                leader_set({'swauth-init': True})
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
                log("had a problem initializing swauth!") 

def relation_get(attribute=None, unit=None, rid=None):
    """Get relation information"""
    _args = ['relation-get', '--format=json']
    if rid:
        _args.append('-r')
        _args.append(rid)
    _args.append(attribute or '-')
    if unit:
        _args.append(unit)
    try:
        return json.loads(subprocess.check_output(_args).decode('UTF-8'))
    except ValueError:
        return None
    except CalledProcessError as e:
        if e.returncode == 2:
            return None
        raise 

def _git_update_requirements(venv, package_dir, reqs_dir):
    """
    Update from global requirements.

    Update an OpenStack git directory's requirements.txt and
    test-requirements.txt from global-requirements.txt.
    """
    orig_dir = os.getcwd()
    os.chdir(reqs_dir)
    python = os.path.join(venv, 'bin/python')
    cmd = [python, 'update.py', package_dir]
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        package = os.path.basename(package_dir)
        error_out("Error updating {} from "
                  "global-requirements.txt".format(package))
    os.chdir(orig_dir) 

def test_failure(self):
        """Ensure that action_fail is called on failure."""
        self.config.return_value = "swauth"
        self.action_get.return_value = "test"
        self.determine_api_port.return_value = 8070
        self.CalledProcessError = ValueError

        self.check_call.side_effect = subprocess.CalledProcessError(
            0, "hi", "no")
        actions.add_user.add_user()
        self.leader_get.assert_called_with("swauth-admin-key")
        calls = [call("account"), call("username"), call("password")]
        self.action_get.assert_has_calls(calls)
        self.action_set.assert_not_called()

        self.action_fail.assert_called_once_with(
            'Adding user test failed with: "Command \'hi\' returned non-zero '
            'exit status 0"') 

def relation_get(attribute=None, unit=None, rid=None):
    """Get relation information"""
    _args = ['relation-get', '--format=json']
    if rid:
        _args.append('-r')
        _args.append(rid)
    _args.append(attribute or '-')
    if unit:
        _args.append(unit)
    try:
        return json.loads(subprocess.check_output(_args).decode('UTF-8'))
    except ValueError:
        return None
    except CalledProcessError as e:
        if e.returncode == 2:
            return None
        raise 

def ensure_compliance(self):
        """Ensures that the modules are not loaded."""
        if not self.modules:
            return

        try:
            loaded_modules = self._get_loaded_modules()
            non_compliant_modules = []
            for module in self.modules:
                if module in loaded_modules:
                    log("Module '%s' is enabled but should not be." %
                        (module), level=INFO)
                    non_compliant_modules.append(module)

            if len(non_compliant_modules) == 0:
                return

            for module in non_compliant_modules:
                self._disable_module(module)
            self._restart_apache()
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            log('Error occurred auditing apache module compliance. '
                'This may have been already reported. '
                'Output is: %s' % e.output, level=ERROR) 

def is_crm_dc():
    """
    Determine leadership by querying the pacemaker Designated Controller
    """
    cmd = ['crm', 'status']
    try:
        status = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        if not isinstance(status, six.text_type):
            status = six.text_type(status, "utf-8")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as ex:
        raise CRMDCNotFound(str(ex))

    current_dc = ''
    for line in status.split('\n'):
        if line.startswith('Current DC'):
            # Current DC: juju-lytrusty-machine-2 (168108163) - partition with quorum
            current_dc = line.split(':')[1].split()[0]
    if current_dc == get_unit_hostname():
        return True
    elif current_dc == 'NONE':
        raise CRMDCNotFound('Current DC: NONE')

    return False 

def is_crm_leader(resource, retry=False):
    """
    Returns True if the charm calling this is the elected corosync leader,
    as returned by calling the external "crm" command.

    We allow this operation to be retried to avoid the possibility of getting a
    false negative. See LP #1396246 for more info.
    """
    if resource == DC_RESOURCE_NAME:
        return is_crm_dc()
    cmd = ['crm', 'resource', 'show', resource]
    try:
        status = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        if not isinstance(status, six.text_type):
            status = six.text_type(status, "utf-8")
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        status = None

    if status and get_unit_hostname() in status:
        return True

    if status and "resource %s is NOT running" % (resource) in status:
        raise CRMResourceNotFound("CRM resource %s not found" % (resource))

    return False 

def _git_update_requirements(venv, package_dir, reqs_dir):
    """
    Update from global requirements.

    Update an OpenStack git directory's requirements.txt and
    test-requirements.txt from global-requirements.txt.
    """
    orig_dir = os.getcwd()
    os.chdir(reqs_dir)
    python = os.path.join(venv, 'bin/python')
    cmd = [python, 'update.py', package_dir]
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        package = os.path.basename(package_dir)
        error_out("Error updating {} from "
                  "global-requirements.txt".format(package))
    os.chdir(orig_dir) 

def test_RTagsDaemonStartClean(self):
        try:
            os.chdir("clean")
        except OSError:
            print("Test Error: Couldn't cd into 'dirty' test directory.")
            raise
        self.assertFalse(self.cmake_build_info["build_dir"].is_dir())
        self.plugin.setup_rtags_daemon()
        try:
            rtags_daemon_status = subprocess.check_output(
                self.cmake_cmd_info["rtags_status"])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(e.output)
        self.assertTrue(
            len("*********************************\nfileids\n*********************************\n*********************************\nheadererrors\n*********************************\n*********************************\ninfo\n*********************************\nRunning a release build\nsocketFile: /Users/phillipbonhomme/.rdm\ndataDir: /Users/phillipbonhomme/.cache/rtags/\noptions: 0x14jobCount: 4\nrpVisitFileTimeout: 60000\nrpIndexDataMessageTimeout: 60000\nrpConnectTimeout: 0\nrpConnectTimeout: 0\ndefaultArguments: List<String>(-ferror-limit=50, -Wall, -fspell-checking, -Wno-unknown-warning-option\")\nincludePaths: List<Source::Include>(\")\ndefines: List<Source::Define>(-DRTAGS=\")\nignoredCompilers: Set<Path>(\")\n*********************************\njobs\n*********************************\n"
                ) <= len(str(rtags_daemon_status))) 

def test_RTagsDaemonStartDirty(self):
        try:
            os.chdir("dirty")
        except OSError:
            print("Test Error: Couldn't cd into 'dirty' test directory.")
            raise
        self.assertTrue(self.cmake_build_info["build_dir"].is_dir())
        self.plugin.setup_rtags_daemon()
        try:
            rtags_daemon_status = subprocess.check_output(
                self.cmake_cmd_info["rtags_status"])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(e.output)
        self.assertTrue(
            len("*********************************\nfileids\n*********************************\n*********************************\nheadererrors\n*********************************\n*********************************\ninfo\n*********************************\nRunning a release build\nsocketFile: /Users/phillipbonhomme/.rdm\ndataDir: /Users/phillipbonhomme/.cache/rtags/\noptions: 0x14jobCount: 4\nrpVisitFileTimeout: 60000\nrpIndexDataMessageTimeout: 60000\nrpConnectTimeout: 0\nrpConnectTimeout: 0\ndefaultArguments: List<String>(-ferror-limit=50, -Wall, -fspell-checking, -Wno-unknown-warning-option\")\nincludePaths: List<Source::Include>(\")\ndefines: List<Source::Define>(-DRTAGS=\")\nignoredCompilers: Set<Path>(\")\n*********************************\njobs\n*********************************\n"
                ) <= len(str(rtags_daemon_status))) 

def test_RTagsClientStartDirty(self):
        try:
            os.chdir("dirty")
        except OSError:
            print("Test Error: Couldn't cd into 'dirty' test directory.")
            raise
        self.assertTrue(self.cmake_build_info["build_dir"].is_dir())
        self.assertTrue(self.cmake_build_info["comp_data_cmake"].is_file())
        self.plugin.setup_rtags_daemon()
        self.plugin.connect_rtags_client()
        try:
            rtags_client_status = subprocess.check_output(
                self.cmake_cmd_info["rtags_file_status"] +
                [str(src_info["cpp"])])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(e.output)
        self.assertTrue(str(rtags_client_status).find("managed"))
        try:
            rtags_client_status = subprocess.check_output(
                self.cmake_cmd_info["rtags_file_status"] +
                [str(src_info["test_cpp"])])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(e.output)
        self.assertTrue(str(rtags_client_status).find("managed")) 

def test_RTagsClientSetFile(self):
        try:
            os.chdir("dirty")
        except OSError:
            print("Test Error: Couldn't cd into 'dirty' test directory.")
            raise
        self.assertTrue(self.cmake_build_info["build_dir"].is_dir())
        self.assertTrue(self.cmake_build_info["comp_data_cmake"].is_file())
        self.plugin.setup_rtags_daemon()
        self.plugin.connect_rtags_client()
        self.plugin.rtags_set_file([str(src_info["cpp"])])
        try:
            rtags_client_status = subprocess.check_output(
                self.cmake_cmd_info["rtags_file_status"] +
                [str(src_info["cpp"])])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(e.output)
        self.assertTrue(str(rtags_client_status).find("managed")) 

def test_RTagsClientUpdateBuffers(self):
        try:
            os.chdir("dirty")
        except OSError:
            print("Test Error: Couldn't cd into 'dirty' test directory.")
            raise
        self.assertTrue(self.cmake_build_info["build_dir"].is_dir())
        self.assertTrue(self.cmake_build_info["comp_data_cmake"].is_file())
        self.plugin.setup_rtags_daemon()
        self.plugin.connect_rtags_client()
        self.plugin.update_rtags_buffers(
            [str(src_info["test_cpp"]),
             str(src_info["cpp"])])
        try:
            rtags_client_status = subprocess.check_output(
                self.cmake_cmd_info["rtags_buffers"])
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(e.output)
        filepath = os.getcwd() + str(src_info["test_cpp"])
        self.assertTrue(str(rtags_client_status).find(filepath)) 

def run_cmake(self):
        print("Running CMake")
        build_dir_cmd_out = subprocess.call(
            ["mkdir", "build"],
            stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
        if build_dir_cmd_out != 0:
            print("Can\'t setup CMake build directory.")
            return

        if self.cmake_build_info["build_dir"].is_dir():
            try:
                subprocess.check_output(
                    self.cmake_cmd_info["cmake_cmd"],
                    cwd=str(self.cmake_build_info["build_dir"]))
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                print(e.output)
            if not self.cmake_build_info["comp_data_cmake"].is_file():
                print("Couldn't setup CMake Project")
                return
        else:
            print("Couldn't setup CMake Project")
            return 

def _PrintLogs(pod_name_prefix, job_name):
  """Prints pod logs.

  If a pod has been restarted, prints logs from previous run. Otherwise,
  prints the logs from current run. We print logs for pods selected
  based on pod_name_prefix and job_name.

  Args:
    pod_name_prefix: value of 'name-prefix' selector.
    job_name: value of 'job' selector.
  """
  for pod_name in _GetPodNames(pod_name_prefix, job_name):
    try:
      # Get previous logs.
      logs_command = [_KUBECTL, 'logs', '-p', pod_name]
      logging.info('Command to get logs: %s', ' '.join(logs_command))
      output = subprocess.check_output(logs_command, universal_newlines=True)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
      # We couldn't get previous logs, so we will try to get current logs.
      logs_command = [_KUBECTL, 'logs', pod_name]
      logging.info('Command to get logs: %s', ' '.join(logs_command))
      output = subprocess.check_output(logs_command, universal_newlines=True)
    print('%s logs:' % pod_name)
    print(output) 

def process_extract(extract):

        extract_file = os.path.join(target_dir, extract.extract + '.mbtiles')
        print('Create extract {}'.format(extract_file))

        # Instead of patching copy over the patch source as target and
        # write directly to it (since that works concurrently).
        patch_src = args['--patch-from']
        if patch_src:
            print('Use patch from {} as base'.format(patch_src))
            shutil.copyfile(patch_src, extract_file)

        try:
            create_extract(extract, source_file, extract_file)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            # Failing extracts should not interrupt
            # the entire process
            print(e, file=sys.stderr)
            return

        print('Update metadata {}'.format(extract_file))
        update_metadata(extract_file, extract.metadata(extract_file)) 

def get_main_git_path():
    """Gets the remote URL of the setup repository.

    Returns:
        string: remote URL of the setup-repository.
    """
    try:
        repository_basepath = subprocess.check_output(
            'git config --get remote.origin.url'.split(' '))
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
        setup_dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
        err_msg = '''
\'{}\' is not a git repository.
Did you download a .zip file from GitHub?

Use
    \'git clone https://github.com/foxBMS/foxBMS-setup\'
to download the foxBMS-setup repository.
        '''.format(setup_dir_path)
        logging.error(err_msg)
        sys.exit(1)
    repository_basepath, repository_name = repository_basepath.rsplit('/', 1)
    return repository_basepath, repository_name 

def callGit(self, workspacePath, *args):
        cmdLine = ['git']
        cmdLine.extend(args)
        try:
            output = subprocess.check_output(cmdLine, cwd=os.path.join(os.getcwd(), workspacePath, self.__dir),
                universal_newlines=True, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise BuildError("git error:\n Directory: '{}'\n Command: '{}'\n'{}'".format(
                os.path.join(workspacePath, self.__dir), " ".join(cmdLine), e.output.rstrip()))
        return output

    # Get GitSCM status. The purpose of this function is to return the status of the given directory
    #
    # return values:
    #  - error: The SCM is in a error state. Use this if git returned a error code.
    #  - dirty: SCM is dirty. Could be: modified files, switched to another branch/tag/commit/repo, unpushed commits.
    #  - clean: Same branch/tag/commit as specified in the recipe and no local changes.
    #  - empty: Directory is not existing.
    #
    # This function is called when build with --clean-checkout. 'error' and 'dirty' SCMs are moved to attic,
    # while empty and clean directories are not. 

def _scanDir(self, workspace, dir):
        self.__dir = dir
        dir = os.path.join(workspace, dir)
        try:
            remotes = subprocess.check_output(["git", "remote", "-v"],
                cwd=dir, universal_newlines=True).split("\n")
            remotes = (r[:-8].split("\t") for r in remotes if r.endswith("(fetch)"))
            self.__remotes = { remote:url for (remote,url) in remotes }

            self.__commit = subprocess.check_output(["git", "rev-parse", "HEAD"],
                cwd=dir, universal_newlines=True).strip()
            self.__description = subprocess.check_output(
                ["git", "describe", "--always", "--dirty"],
                cwd=dir, universal_newlines=True).strip()
            self.__dirty = subprocess.call(["git", "diff-index", "--quiet", "HEAD", "--"],
                cwd=dir) != 0
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise BuildError("Git audit failed: " + str(e))
        except OSError as e:
            raise BuildError("Error calling git: " + str(e)) 

def callSubversion(self, workspacePath, *args):
        cmdLine = ['svn']
        cmdLine.extend(args)

        try:
            output = subprocess.check_output(cmdLine, cwd=workspacePath,
                universal_newlines=True, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            raise BuildError("svn error:\n Directory: '{}'\n Command: '{}'\n'{}'".format(
                os.path.join(workspacePath, self.__dir), " ".join(cmdLine), e.output.rstrip()))
        return output

    # Get SvnSCM status. The purpose of this function is to return the status of the given directory
    #
    # return values:
    #  - error: the scm is in a error state. Use this if svn call returns a error code.
    #  - dirty: SCM is dirty. Could be: modified files, switched to another URL or revision
    #  - clean: same URL and revision as specified in the recipe and no local changes.
    #  - empty: directory is not existing
    #
    # This function is called when build with --clean-checkout. 'error' and 'dirty' scm's are moved to attic,
    # while empty and clean directories are not. 

def cli_call(arg_list, expect_success=True, env=os.environ.copy()):
    """Executes a CLI command in a subprocess and return the results.

    Args:
        arg_list: a list command arguments
        expect_success: use False to return even if an error occurred
                        when executing the command
        env:

    Returns: (string, string, int) output message, error message, return code

    """
    p = subprocess.Popen(arg_list, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
    output, error = p.communicate()
    if p.returncode != 0:
        if output:
            print("Output:\n" + str(output))
        if error:
            print("Error Message:\n" + str(error))
        if expect_success:
            raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
                p.returncode, arg_list, output)
    return output, error, p.returncode 

def gunzip_sqlitecurve(sqlitecurve):
    '''This just uncompresses the sqlitecurve in gzip format.

    FIXME: this doesn't work with gzip < 1.6 or non-GNU gzip (probably).

    '''

    # -k to keep the input .gz just in case something explodes
    cmd = 'gunzip -k %s' % sqlitecurve

    try:
        procout = subprocess.check_output(cmd, shell=True)
        return sqlitecurve.replace('.gz','')
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        LOGERROR('could not uncompress %s' % sqlitecurve)
        return None



###############################################
## DECIDE WHICH COMPRESSION FUNCTIONS TO USE ##
############################################### 

def available_vms(self, vms=None):
        """
        List all VMs regardless of state, filtering if requested via the <vms>
        parameter provider by the CLI.
        """
        try:
            possible_vms = [vm for vm in self.v.status()]
        except CalledProcessError, e:
            # TODO: Exception handling here assumes Vagrantfile is missing.
            # Vagrant seems to return 1 for many different errors, and finding
            # documentation for specific return codes has proven difficult.
            raise VagrantfileNotFound

        if vms:
            wanted_vms = [vm for vm in possible_vms if vm.name in vms]
            possible_vms = wanted_vms

        return possible_vms 

def destroy_vms(self):
        """
        Destroy target VMs. Operates on all available VMs if none are specified.
        """
        for vm in self.vms:
            # Vagrant will return 1 if VM to be destroyed does not exist.
            if vm.state != "not_created":
                self.v.destroy(vm_name=vm.name)
                # Destroy a second time because the vagrant-digitalocean plugin
                # doesn't clean up after itself:
                # https://github.com/smdahlen/vagrant-digitalocean/issues/194
                if vm.provider == "digital_ocean":
                    try:
                        self.v.destroy(vm_name=vm.name)
                    except CalledProcessError:
                        pass 

def test_error_bad_path(tmpdir):
    """Test handling of bad paths.

    :param tmpdir: pytest fixture.
    """
    with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError) as exc:
        pytest.run(tmpdir, ['sphinx-versioning', '-N', '-c', 'unknown', 'build', '.', str(tmpdir)])
    assert 'Directory "unknown" does not exist.' in exc.value.output

    tmpdir.ensure('is_file')
    with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError) as exc:
        pytest.run(tmpdir, ['sphinx-versioning', '-N', '-c', 'is_file', 'build', '.', str(tmpdir)])
    assert 'Directory "is_file" is a file.' in exc.value.output

    with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError) as exc:
        pytest.run(tmpdir, ['sphinx-versioning', '-N', 'build', '.', str(tmpdir)])
    assert 'Failed to find local git repository root in {}.'.format(repr(str(tmpdir))) in exc.value.output

    repo = tmpdir.ensure_dir('repo')
    pytest.run(repo, ['git', 'init'])
    empty = tmpdir.ensure_dir('empty1857')
    with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError) as exc:
        pytest.run(repo, ['sphinx-versioning', '-N', '-g', str(empty), 'build', '.', str(tmpdir)])
    assert 'Failed to find local git repository root in' in exc.value.output
    assert 'empty1857' in exc.value.output 

def test_new_branch_tags(tmpdir, local_light, fail):
    """Test with new branches and tags unknown to local repo.

    :param tmpdir: pytest fixture.
    :param local_light: conftest fixture.
    :param bool fail: Fail by not fetching.
    """
    remotes = [r for r in list_remote(str(local_light)) if r[1] == 'ob_at']

    # Fail.
    sha = remotes[0][0]
    target = tmpdir.ensure_dir('exported', sha)
    if fail:
        with pytest.raises(CalledProcessError):
            export(str(local_light), sha, str(target))
        return

    # Fetch.
    fetch_commits(str(local_light), remotes)

    # Export.
    export(str(local_light), sha, str(target))
    files = [f.relto(target) for f in target.listdir()]
    assert files == ['README']
    assert target.join('README').read() == 'new' 

def get_root(directory):
    """Get root directory of the local git repo from any subdirectory within it.

    :raise GitError: If git command fails (dir not a git repo?).

    :param str directory: Subdirectory in the local repo.

    :return: Root directory of repository.
    :rtype: str
    """
    command = ['git', 'rev-parse', '--show-toplevel']
    try:
        output = run_command(directory, command, env_var=False)
    except CalledProcessError as exc:
        raise GitError('Failed to find local git repository root in {}.'.format(repr(directory)), exc.output)
    if IS_WINDOWS:
        output = output.replace('/', '\\')
    return output.strip() 

def fetch_commits(local_root, remotes):
    """Fetch from origin.

    :raise CalledProcessError: Unhandled git command failure.

    :param str local_root: Local path to git root directory.
    :param iter remotes: Output of list_remote().
    """
    # Fetch all known branches.
    command = ['git', 'fetch', 'origin']
    run_command(local_root, command)

    # Fetch new branches/tags.
    for sha, name, kind in remotes:
        try:
            run_command(local_root, ['git', 'reflog', sha])
        except CalledProcessError:
            run_command(local_root, command + ['refs/{0}/{1}'.format(kind, name)])
            run_command(local_root, ['git', 'reflog', sha]) 

def version_getter(config):
    """Get tag associated with HEAD; fall back to SHA1.

    If HEAD is tagged, return the tag name; otherwise fall back to
    HEAD's short SHA1 hash.

    .. note:: Only annotated tags are considered.

    TODO: Support non-annotated tags?

    """
    try:
        check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--is-inside-work-tree'], stderr=DEVNULL)
    except CalledProcessError:
        return None
    encoding = getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale=False)
    try:
        version = check_output(['git', 'describe', '--exact-match'], stderr=DEVNULL)
    except CalledProcessError:
        version = check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'])
    version = version.decode(encoding).strip()
    return version 

def invoke(command, success_codes=(0,)):
    try:
        output = subprocess.check_output(command, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        status = 0
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as error:
        output = error.output
        status = error.returncode
    output = output.decode('utf-8')
    if status not in success_codes:
        raise Exception(
            'Command %r return exit code %d and output: """%s""".' % (
                command,
                status,
                output,
            )
        )
    return status, output 

def upgrade_charm():
    if is_leader():
        # if we are upgrading, then the old version might have used the
        # HEAT_PATH/encryption-key. So we grab the key from that, and put it in
        # leader settings to ensure that the key remains the same during an
        # upgrade.
        encryption_path = os.path.join(HEAT_PATH, 'encryption-key')
        if os.path.isfile(encryption_path):
            with open(encryption_path, 'r') as f:
                encryption_key = f.read()
            try:
                leader_set({'heat-auth-encryption-key': encryption_key})
            except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
                log("upgrade: leader_set: heat-auth-encryption-key failed,"
                    " didn't delete the existing file: {}.\n"
                    "Error was: ".format(encryption_path, str(e)),
                    level=WARNING)
            else:
                # now we just delete the file
                os.remove(encryption_path)
    leader_elected() 

def __init__(self, fqArchiveUrl, filtersDir, outputPrefix, outputUrl, diskSize, diskType, logsPath, container, scriptUrl, tag, cores, mem, preemptible):
		super(PipelineStep, self).__init__()

		fqFileName = os.path.basename(fqArchiveUrl)
		fqInputs = "{fqArchive}:{fqFileName}".format(fqArchive=fqArchiveUrl, fqFileName=fqFileName)

		try:
			filtersDirContents = subprocess.check_output(["gsutil", "ls", filtersDir])

		except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
			print "ERROR: couldn't get a listing of filter files!  -- {reason}".format(reason=e)
			exit(-1)

		bfInputs = [x for x in filtersDirContents.split('\n') if re.match('^.*\.bf$', x) or re.match('^.*\.txt', x)]
		bfInputs.append(fqInputs)

		inputs = ",".join(["{url}:{filename}".format(url=x, filename=os.path.basename(x)) for x in bfInputs])
		outputs = "{outputPrefix}*:{outDir}".format(outputPrefix=outputPrefix, outDir=outputUrl)
		env = "INPUT_FILE={fqFileName},OUTPUT_PREFIX={outputPrefix},FILTERS_LIST={filtersList}".format(fqFileName=fqFileName, outputPrefix=outputPrefix, filtersList=','.join([os.path.basename(x) for x in bfInputs if re.match('^.*\.bf$', x)]))

		self._step = PipelineSchema("biobloomcategorizer",
		                                           self._pipelinesConfig,
		                                           logsPath,
		                                           container,
		                                           scriptUrl=scriptUrl,
		                                           cores=cores,
		                                           mem=mem,
		                                           diskSize=diskSize,
		                                           diskType=diskType,
		                                           inputs=inputs,
		                                           outputs=outputs,
		                                           env=env,
		                                           tag=tag,
		                                           preemptible=preemptible) 

def getJobLogs(args, config):  # TODO: reimplement
		pipelineDbUtils = PipelineDbUtils(config)

		jobInfo = pipelineDbUtils.getJobInfo(select=["stdout_log", "stderr_log", "gcs_log_path"],
		                                     where={"job_id": args.jobId})

		with open(os.devnull, 'w') as fnull:
			if args.stdout:
				try:
					stdoutLogFile = subprocess.check_output(
						["gsutil", "cat", os.path.join(jobInfo[0].gcs_log_path, jobInfo[0].stdout_log)], stderr=fnull)
				except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
					print "ERROR: couldn't get the stdout log : {reason}".format(reason=e)
					exit(-1)

				print "STDOUT:\n"
				print stdoutLogFile
				print "---------\n"

			if args.stderr:
				try:
					stderrLogFile = subprocess.check_output(
						["gsutil", "-q", "cat", os.path.join(jobInfo[0].gcs_log_path, jobInfo[0].stderr_log)],
						stderr=fnull)
				except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
					print "ERROR: couldn't get the stderr log : {reason}".format(reason=e)
					exit(-1)

				print "STDERR:\n"
				print stderrLogFile
				print "---------\n"

		pipelineDbUtils.closeConnection() 

def interface_exists(interface):
    '''
    Checks if interface exists on node.
    '''
    try:
        subprocess.check_call(['ip', 'link', 'show', interface],
                              stdout=open(os.devnull, 'w'),
                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
        return False
    return True