Python tempfile.mkdtemp() Examples

def glustermount(hostname, volname):
    """
    Context manager for Mounting Gluster Volume
    Use as
        with glustermount(HOSTNAME, VOLNAME) as MNT:
            # Do your stuff
    Automatically unmounts it in case of Exceptions/out of context
    """
    mnt = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="georepsetup_")
    execute(["glusterfs",
             "--xlator-option=\"*dht.lookup-unhashed=off\"",
             "--volfile-server", hostname,
             "--volfile-id", volname,
             "-l", SESSION_MOUNT_LOG_FILE,
             "--client-pid=-1",
             mnt],
            failure_msg="Unable to Mount Gluster Volume "
            "{0}:{1}".format(hostname, volname))
    if os.path.ismount(mnt):
        yield mnt
    else:
        output_notok("Unable to Mount Gluster Volume "
                     "{0}:{1}".format(hostname, volname))
    cleanup(hostname, volname, mnt) 

def archive_context(filename):
    # extracting the archive
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        with get_zip_class()(filename) as archive:
            archive.extractall()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
        yield

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 

def generate2():
    """
    Call an external Python 2 program to retrieve the AST symbols of that
    language version
    :return:
    """
    import subprocess as sp
    import tempfile, shutil, sys, traceback

    tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    tempfile = os.path.join(tempdir, "py2_ast_code.py")

    py2_proc_out = ""
    try:
        with open(tempfile, 'w') as py2code:
            py2code.write(generate_str + WRITESYMS_CODE)

        py2_proc_out = sp.check_output(["python2", tempfile]).decode()
    finally:
        try:
            shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
        except:
            print("Warning: error trying to delete the temporal directory:", file=sys.stderr)
            print(traceback.format_exc(), file=sys.stderr)
    return set(py2_proc_out.splitlines()) 

def __init__(self, name=None, delete=None):
        # If we were not given an explicit directory, and we were not given an
        # explicit delete option, then we'll default to deleting.
        if name is None and delete is None:
            delete = True

        if name is None:
            # We realpath here because some systems have their default tmpdir
            # symlinked to another directory.  This tends to confuse build
            # scripts, so we canonicalize the path by traversing potential
            # symlinks here.
            name = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="pip-build-"))
            # If we were not given an explicit directory, and we were not given
            # an explicit delete option, then we'll default to deleting.
            if delete is None:
                delete = True

        self.name = name
        self.delete = delete 

def _build_one(self, req, output_dir, python_tag=None):
        """Build one wheel.

        :return: The filename of the built wheel, or None if the build failed.
        """
        tempd = tempfile.mkdtemp('pip-wheel-')
        try:
            if self.__build_one(req, tempd, python_tag=python_tag):
                try:
                    wheel_name = os.listdir(tempd)[0]
                    wheel_path = os.path.join(output_dir, wheel_name)
                    shutil.move(os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name), wheel_path)
                    logger.info('Stored in directory: %s', output_dir)
                    return wheel_path
                except:
                    pass
            # Ignore return, we can't do anything else useful.
            self._clean_one(req)
            return None
        finally:
            rmtree(tempd) 

def test_install():
    tempdir = mkdtemp()
    def get_supported():
        return list(wheel.pep425tags.get_supported()) + [('py3', 'none', 'win32')]
    whl = WheelFile(TESTWHEEL, context=get_supported)
    assert whl.supports_current_python(get_supported)
    try:
        locs = {}
        for key in ('purelib', 'platlib', 'scripts', 'headers', 'data'):
            locs[key] = os.path.join(tempdir, key)
            os.mkdir(locs[key])
        whl.install(overrides=locs)
        assert len(os.listdir(locs['purelib'])) == 0
        assert check(locs['platlib'], 'hello.pyd')
        assert check(locs['platlib'], 'hello', 'hello.py')
        assert check(locs['platlib'], 'hello', '__init__.py')
        assert check(locs['data'], 'hello.dat')
        assert check(locs['headers'], 'hello.dat')
        assert check(locs['scripts'], 'hello.sh')
        assert check(locs['platlib'], 'test-1.0.dist-info', 'RECORD')
    finally:
        shutil.rmtree(tempdir) 

def archive_context(filename):
    # extracting the archive
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        with get_zip_class()(filename) as archive:
            archive.extractall()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
        yield

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 

def archive_context(filename):
    # extracting the archive
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        with get_zip_class()(filename) as archive:
            archive.extractall()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
        yield

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 

def upload_to_fileshare_test(self): #pylint: disable=no-self-use
        """Upload copies files to non-native store correctly with no
        progress"""
        import shutil
        import tempfile
        temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(dir=tempfile.mkdtemp())
        temp_src_dir = os.path.dirname(temp_file.name)
        temp_dst_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        shutil_mock = MagicMock()
        shutil_mock.copyfile.return_value = None
        with patch('sfctl.custom_app.shutil', new=shutil_mock):
            sf_c.upload_to_fileshare(temp_src_dir, temp_dst_dir, False)
            shutil_mock.copyfile.assert_called_once()
        temp_file.close()
        shutil.rmtree(os.path.dirname(temp_file.name))
        shutil.rmtree(temp_dst_dir) 

def __init__(self, name=None, delete=None):
        # If we were not given an explicit directory, and we were not given an
        # explicit delete option, then we'll default to deleting.
        if name is None and delete is None:
            delete = True

        if name is None:
            # We realpath here because some systems have their default tmpdir
            # symlinked to another directory.  This tends to confuse build
            # scripts, so we canonicalize the path by traversing potential
            # symlinks here.
            name = os.path.realpath(tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="pip-build-"))
            # If we were not given an explicit directory, and we were not given
            # an explicit delete option, then we'll default to deleting.
            if delete is None:
                delete = True

        self.name = name
        self.delete = delete 

def _build_one(self, req, output_dir, python_tag=None):
        """Build one wheel.

        :return: The filename of the built wheel, or None if the build failed.
        """
        tempd = tempfile.mkdtemp('pip-wheel-')
        try:
            if self.__build_one(req, tempd, python_tag=python_tag):
                try:
                    wheel_name = os.listdir(tempd)[0]
                    wheel_path = os.path.join(output_dir, wheel_name)
                    shutil.move(os.path.join(tempd, wheel_name), wheel_path)
                    logger.info('Stored in directory: %s', output_dir)
                    return wheel_path
                except:
                    pass
            # Ignore return, we can't do anything else useful.
            self._clean_one(req)
            return None
        finally:
            rmtree(tempd) 

def build_and_install(self, setup_script, setup_base):
        args = ['bdist_egg', '--dist-dir']

        dist_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(
            prefix='egg-dist-tmp-', dir=os.path.dirname(setup_script)
        )
        try:
            self._set_fetcher_options(os.path.dirname(setup_script))
            args.append(dist_dir)

            self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
            all_eggs = Environment([dist_dir])
            eggs = []
            for key in all_eggs:
                for dist in all_eggs[key]:
                    eggs.append(self.install_egg(dist.location, setup_base))
            if not eggs and not self.dry_run:
                log.warn("No eggs found in %s (setup script problem?)",
                         dist_dir)
            return eggs
        finally:
            rmtree(dist_dir)
            log.set_verbosity(self.verbose)  # restore our log verbosity 

def src_proc_dispatcher(pkg_name, src_tbl_name, src_loc):
    tobj = tempfile.mkdtemp(dir='/var/cache/acbs/build/', prefix='acbs.')
    src_tbl_loc = os.path.join(src_loc, src_tbl_name)
    shadow_ark_loc = os.path.join(tobj, src_tbl_name)
    if os.path.isdir(src_tbl_loc):
        print('[I] Making a copy of the source directory...', end='')
        try:
            shutil.copytree(src=src_tbl_loc, dst=shadow_ark_loc)
        except:
            print('Failed!')
            return False
        print('Done!')
        return True, tobj
    else:
        os.symlink(src_tbl_loc, shadow_ark_loc)
        # print('[D] Source location: {}, Shadow link: {}'.format(src_tbl_loc, shadow_ark_loc))
        return decomp_file(shadow_ark_loc, tobj), tobj 

def archive_context(filename):
    """
    Unzip filename to a temporary directory, set to the cwd.

    The unzipped target is cleaned up after.
    """
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        with ContextualZipFile(filename) as archive:
            archive.extractall()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
        yield

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 

def reformat(self, sourcefile, destfile, configfile):
        # type: (str, str, str) -> None
        """Reformats sourcefile according to configfile and writes it to destfile.
        This method is only used for testing.
        """
        tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='whatstyle_')
        cfg = os.path.join(tmpdir, self.configfilename)
        copyfile(configfile, cfg)
        tmpfilename = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.path.basename(sourcefile))
        copyfile(sourcefile, tmpfilename)
        cmdargs = [tmpfilename]
        exeresult = run_executable(self.exe, cmdargs)
        writebinary(destfile, exeresult.stdout)
        os.remove(tmpfilename)
        os.remove(cfg)
        os.rmdir(tmpdir) 

def from_file(proto_file):
    '''
    Take a filename |protoc_file|, compile it via the Protobuf
    compiler, and import the module.

    Return the module if successfully compiled, otherwise raise either
    a ProtocNotFound or BadProtobuf exception.
    '''
    if not proto_file.endswith('.proto'):
        raise BadProtobuf()

    dest = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    full_path = os.path.abspath(proto_file)
    _compile_proto(full_path, dest)

    filename = os.path.split(full_path)[-1]
    name = re.search(r'^(.*)\.proto$', filename).group(1)
    target = os.path.join(dest, name+'_pb2.py')

    return _load_module(target) 

def archive_context(filename):
    # extracting the archive
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        with get_zip_class()(filename) as archive:
            archive.extractall()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
        yield

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 

def archive_context(filename):
    # extracting the archive
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        with ContextualZipFile(filename) as archive:
            archive.extractall()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
        yield

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 

def setUp(self):
        self.repodir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        self.repodir_local = tempfile.mkdtemp()

        self.callGit('git init', cwd=self.repodir)

        # setup user name and email for travis
        self.callGit('git config user.email "[email protected]"', cwd=self.repodir)
        self.callGit('git config user.name test', cwd=self.repodir)

        f = open(os.path.join(self.repodir, "test.txt"), "w")
        f.write("hello world")
        f.close()
        self.callGit('git add test.txt', cwd=self.repodir)
        self.callGit('git commit -m "first commit"', cwd=self.repodir)

        self.callGit('git clone ' + self.repodir + ' ' + self.repodir_local, cwd='/tmp')

        # setup user name and email for travis
        self.callGit('git config user.email "[email protected]"', cwd=self.repodir_local)
        self.callGit('git config user.name test', cwd=self.repodir_local) 

def make_virtualenv(args):
    with cleanup_dir(tempfile.mkdtemp()) as tempdir:
        venv, python, pip = dirs(tempdir)
        print_call(
            sys.executable, '-m', 'virtualenv', venv,
            '-p', args.python, '--never-download',
        )

        def pip_install(*argv):
            print_call(pip, 'install', '-i', args.index_url, *argv)

        # Latest pip installs python3.5 wheels
        pip_install('pip', 'setuptools', '--upgrade')
        pip_install('-r', 'requirements-minimal.txt')
        pip_install('-r', 'requirements-dev-minimal.txt')

        reexec(
            python, __file__.rstrip('c'),
            '--tempdir', tempdir,
            # Pass along existing args
            '--index-url', args.index_url,
            '--exec-count', str(args.exec_count),
            '--exec-limit', str(args.exec_limit),
            reason='to use the virtualenv python',
        ) 

def neo4j_test_ws_dir(datafiles):
    return datafiles


# @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
# def workspace(request, data_directory):
#     wsconf_file = data_directory.join("workspace.yaml")
#     temp_root = tempfile.mkdtemp()
#     ws = Workspace("saapy-test-ws",
#                    temp_root,
#                    "saapy-test-ws",
#                    configuration_text=wsconf_file.read_text("utf-8"))
#
#     def fin():
#         shutil.rmtree(temp_root)
#
#     request.addfinalizer(fin)
#     return ws  # provide the fixture value 

def archive_context(filename):
    # extracting the archive
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)
    old_wd = os.getcwd()
    try:
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        with get_zip_class()(filename) as archive:
            archive.extractall()

        # going in the directory
        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])
        os.chdir(subdir)
        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)
        yield

    finally:
        os.chdir(old_wd)
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir) 

def get_sign_command(self, filename, signer, sign_password):
        """
        Return a suitable command for signing a file.

        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
                              private key used for signing.
        :return: The signing command as a list suitable to be
                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
        """
        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
        if self.gpg_home:
            cmd.extend(['--homedir', self.gpg_home])
        if sign_password is not None:
            cmd.extend(['--batch', '--passphrase-fd', '0'])
        td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        sf = os.path.join(td, os.path.basename(filename) + '.asc')
        cmd.extend(['--detach-sign', '--armor', '--local-user',
                    signer, '--output', sf, filename])
        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
        return cmd, sf 

def build_and_install(self, setup_script, setup_base):
        args = ['bdist_egg', '--dist-dir']

        dist_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(
            prefix='egg-dist-tmp-', dir=os.path.dirname(setup_script)
        )
        try:
            self._set_fetcher_options(os.path.dirname(setup_script))
            args.append(dist_dir)

            self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
            all_eggs = Environment([dist_dir])
            eggs = []
            for key in all_eggs:
                for dist in all_eggs[key]:
                    eggs.append(self.install_egg(dist.location, setup_base))
            if not eggs and not self.dry_run:
                log.warn("No eggs found in %s (setup script problem?)",
                    dist_dir)
            return eggs
        finally:
            rmtree(dist_dir)
            log.set_verbosity(self.verbose) # restore our log verbosity 

def setUp(self):
        if self.datafile is None or self.dataname is None:
            return

        if not os.path.isfile(self.datafile):
            self.old_cwd = None
            return

        self.old_cwd = os.getcwd()

        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        zip_file, source, target = [None, None, None]
        try:
            zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(self.datafile)
            for files in zip_file.namelist():
                _extract(zip_file, files, self.temp_dir)
        finally:
            if zip_file:
                zip_file.close()
            del zip_file

        os.chdir(os.path.join(self.temp_dir, self.dataname)) 

def setUp(self):
        self.dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        setup = os.path.join(self.dir, 'setup.py')
        f = open(setup, 'w')
        f.write(SETUP_PY)
        f.close()
        self.old_cwd = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(self.dir)

        self.upload_dir = os.path.join(self.dir, 'build')
        os.mkdir(self.upload_dir)

        # A test document.
        f = open(os.path.join(self.upload_dir, 'index.html'), 'w')
        f.write("Hello world.")
        f.close()

        # An empty folder.
        os.mkdir(os.path.join(self.upload_dir, 'empty'))

        if sys.version >= "2.6":
            self.old_base = site.USER_BASE
            site.USER_BASE = upload_docs.USER_BASE = tempfile.mkdtemp()
            self.old_site = site.USER_SITE
            site.USER_SITE = upload_docs.USER_SITE = tempfile.mkdtemp() 

def test_create_zipfile(self):
        # Test to make sure zipfile creation handles common cases.
        # This explicitly includes a folder containing an empty folder.

        dist = Distribution()

        cmd = upload_docs(dist)
        cmd.upload_dir = self.upload_dir
        cmd.target_dir = self.upload_dir
        tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmp_file = os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'foo.zip')
        try:
            zip_file = cmd.create_zipfile(tmp_file)

            assert zipfile.is_zipfile(tmp_file)

            zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(tmp_file) # woh...

            assert zip_file.namelist() == ['index.html']

            zip_file.close()
        finally:
            shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir) 

def setUp(self):
        self.temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        f = open(os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'setup.py'), 'w')
        f.write(SETUP_PY)
        f.close()
        # Set up the rest of the test package
        test_pkg = os.path.join(self.temp_dir, 'sdist_test')
        os.mkdir(test_pkg)
        # *.rst was not included in package_data, so c.rst should not be
        # automatically added to the manifest when not under version control
        for fname in ['__init__.py', 'a.txt', 'b.txt', 'c.rst']:
            # Just touch the files; their contents are irrelevant
            open(os.path.join(test_pkg, fname), 'w').close()

        self.old_cwd = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(self.temp_dir) 

def test_no_find_links(self):
        # new option '--no-find-links', that blocks find-links added at
        # the project level
        dist = Distribution()
        cmd = easy_install(dist)
        cmd.check_pth_processing = lambda: True
        cmd.no_find_links = True
        cmd.find_links = ['link1', 'link2']
        cmd.install_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'ok')
        cmd.args = ['ok']
        cmd.ensure_finalized()
        self.assertEqual(cmd.package_index.scanned_urls, {})

        # let's try without it (default behavior)
        cmd = easy_install(dist)
        cmd.check_pth_processing = lambda: True
        cmd.find_links = ['link1', 'link2']
        cmd.install_dir = os.path.join(tempfile.mkdtemp(), 'ok')
        cmd.args = ['ok']
        cmd.ensure_finalized()
        keys = sorted(cmd.package_index.scanned_urls.keys())
        self.assertEqual(keys, ['link1', 'link2']) 

def test_updates_package(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements.txt', requirements)
        args = ['-r', requirements]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated flask: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_updates_package_in_nested_requirements(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements-with-nested-reqfile.txt')
        requirements_nested = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements-nested.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-with-nested-reqfile.txt', requirements)
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-nested.txt', requirements_nested)
        args = ['-r', requirements]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'readtime'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated readtime: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_in_nested_requirements').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_in_nested_requirements_nested').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements_nested).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_requirements_long_option_accepted(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements.txt', requirements)
        args = ['--requirement', requirements]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated flask: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_updates_package_to_output_file(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        output = os.path.join(tempdir, 'output.txt')
        requirements = open('tests/samples/requirements.txt').read()
        args = ['-r', 'tests/samples/requirements.txt', '--output', output]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated flask: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            self.assertEquals(open('tests/samples/requirements.txt').read(), requirements) 

def test_exit_code_from_nested_requirements_file(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements-with-nested-reqfile.txt')
        requirements_nested = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements-nested.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-with-nested-reqfile.txt', requirements)
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-nested.txt', requirements_nested)
        args = ['-r', requirements, '--nonzero-exit-code']

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'readtime'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertEqual(result.exception.code, 11)
            expected_output = "Updated readtime: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 11)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_in_nested_requirements').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_in_nested_requirements_nested').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements_nested).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_no_recursive_option(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements-with-nested-reqfile.txt')
        requirements_nested = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements-nested.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-with-nested-reqfile.txt', requirements)
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-nested.txt', requirements_nested)
        args = ['-r', requirements, '-n']

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'readtime'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "All requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)

            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/requirements-with-nested-reqfile.txt').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/requirements-nested.txt').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements_nested).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_skip_package(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-multiple.txt', requirements)
        args = ['-r', requirements, '-s', 'flask']

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated Alembic: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nUpdated sqlalchemy: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_skip_package').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_skip_multiple_packages(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements-multiple.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile, '-s', 'flask, alembic , SQLAlchemy']

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "All requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open(requirements).read()
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_only_multiple_packages(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements-multiple.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile, '--only', 'flask, sqlalchemy']

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated flask: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nUpdated sqlalchemy: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_only_multiple_packages').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_updates_package_with_no_version_specified(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements.txt', requirements)
        args = ['-r', requirements, '-f']

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated flask: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nUpdated flask: Unknown -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_with_no_version_specified').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_invalid_package(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = []

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            expected_output = "All requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), open(requirements).read()) 

def test_no_arguments(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements.txt', requirements)
        args = []

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            with self.cd(tempdir):
                result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)

            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated flask: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_no_arguments_and_no_requirements_file(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        args = []

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            with self.cd(tempdir):
                result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)

            self.assertEqual(result.exception.code, 1)
            expected_output = "Error: Could not open requirements file: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'requirements.txt'\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 1) 

def test_updates_package_with_extras(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-with-extras.txt', requirements)
        args = ['-r', requirements]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'firstpackage'
            version = '2.0'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            expected_output = "Updated firstpackage1: 1 -> 2.0\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_with_extras').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_updates_package_with_max_version_spec(self):
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        requirements = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy('tests/samples/requirements-with-max-version-spec.txt', requirements)
        args = ['-r', requirements]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'afakepackage'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            expected_output = "Updated afakepackage: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nUpdated afakepackage: 0.9 -> 0.10.1\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_with_max_version_spec').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(requirements).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_max_version_spec_prevents_updating_package(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements-with-max-version-spec.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'afakepackage'
            version = '2.0'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "All requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open(tmpfile).read()
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_notequal_version_spec_prevents_updating_package(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements-multiline.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'afakepackage'
            version = '0.9.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "All requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open(tmpfile).read()
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_updates_package_with_multiline_spec(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements-multiline.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'afakepackage'
            version = '1.0'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = "Updated afakepackage: 0.9 -> 1.0\nUpdated afakepackage: 0.9 -> 1.0\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_with_multiline_spec').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_updates_package_with_min_version_spec(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements-with-min-version-spec.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'django'
            version = '1.8.13'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            expected_output = "Updated django: 1.8.6 -> 1.8.13\nNew version for django found (1.8.13), but current spec prohibits updating: django > 1.8.6, < 1.9\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_with_min_version_spec').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_updates_package_with_wildcard_spec(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements-with-wildcard-spec.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile]

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'django'
            version = '1.0'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            expected_output = "Updated flask: 0.9 -> 1.0\nAll requirements up-to-date.\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            expected_requirements = open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package_with_wildcard_spec').read()
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), expected_requirements) 

def test_dry_run(self):
        requirements = 'tests/samples/requirements.txt'
        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        tmpfile = os.path.join(tempdir, 'requirements.txt')
        shutil.copy(requirements, tmpfile)
        args = ['-r', tmpfile, '-d']

        with utils.mock.patch('pip._internal.index.PackageFinder.find_all_candidates') as mock_find_all_candidates:
            project = 'flask'
            version = '0.10.1'
            link = Link('')
            candidate = InstallationCandidate(project, version, link)
            mock_find_all_candidates.return_value = [candidate]

            result = self.runner.invoke(pur, args)
            self.assertIsNone(result.exception)
            expected_output = '==> ' + tmpfile + ' <==\n' + \
                open('tests/samples/results/test_updates_package').read() + "\n"
            self.assertEquals(u(result.output), u(expected_output))
            self.assertEquals(result.exit_code, 0)
            self.assertEquals(open(tmpfile).read(), open(requirements).read())