""" Tile Coding Software version 3.0beta by Rich Sutton based on a program created by Steph Schaeffer and others External documentation and recommendations on the use of this code is available in the reinforcement learning textbook by Sutton and Barto, and on the web. These need to be understood before this code is. This software is for Python 3 or more. This is an implementation of grid-style tile codings, based originally on the UNH CMAC code (see http://www.ece.unh.edu/robots/cmac.htm), but by now highly changed. Here we provide a function, "tiles", that maps floating and integer variables to a list of tiles, and a second function "tiles-wrap" that does the same while wrapping some floats to provided widths (the lower wrap value is always 0). The float variables will be gridded at unit intervals, so generalization will be by approximately 1 in each direction, and any scaling will have to be done externally before calling tiles. Num-tilings should be a power of 2, e.g., 16. To make the offsetting work properly, it should also be greater than or equal to four times the number of floats. The first argument is either an index hash table of a given size (created by (make-iht size)), an integer "size" (range of the indices from 0), or nil (for testing, indicating that the tile coordinates are to be returned without being converted to indices). NOTE: @ShangtongZhang made some minor changes to make it work in Python 2 source: https://github.com/ShangtongZhang/reinforcement-learning-an-introduction http://incompleteideas.net/sutton/tiles/tiles3.html """ from math import floor, log from six.moves import zip_longest basehash = hash class IHT: '''The index hash table is a structure to handle collisions''' def __init__(self, sizeval): self.size = sizeval self.overfullCount = 0 self.dictionary = {} def __str__(self): '''Prepares a string for printing whenever this object is printed''' return "Collision table:" + \ " size:" + str(self.size) + \ " overfullCount:" + str(self.overfullCount) + \ " dictionary:" + str(len(self.dictionary)) + " items" def count(self): return len(self.dictionary) def fullp(self): return len(self.dictionary) >= self.size def getindex(self, obj, readonly=False): d = self.dictionary if obj in d: return d[obj] elif readonly: return None size = self.size count = self.count() if count >= size: if self.overfullCount == 0: print('IHT full, starting to allow collisions') self.overfullCount += 1 return basehash(obj) % self.size else: d[obj] = count return count def hashcoords(coordinates, m, readonly=False): if isinstance(m, IHT): return m.getindex(tuple(coordinates), readonly) if isinstance(m, int): return basehash(tuple(coordinates)) % m if m is None: return coordinates def tiles(ihtORsize, numtilings, floats, ints=[], readonly=False): '''returns num-tilings tile indices corresponding to the floats and ints''' qfloats = [floor(f*numtilings) for f in floats] Tiles = [] for tiling in range(numtilings): tilingX2 = tiling*2 coords = [tiling] b = tiling for q in qfloats: coords.append((q + b) // numtilings) b += tilingX2 coords.extend(ints) Tiles.append(hashcoords(coords, ihtORsize, readonly)) return Tiles def tileswrap(ihtORsize, numtilings, floats, wrapwidths, ints=[], readonly=False): ''' returns num-tilings tile indices corresponding to the floats and ints, wrapping some floats :param ihtORsize: integer or IHT object. An index hash table or a positive integer specifying the upper range of returned indices :param numtilings: integer. the number of tilings desired. For best results, the second argument, numTilings, should be a power of two greater or equal to four times the number of floats :param memory-size: ineteger. the number of possible tile indices :param floats: list. a list of real values making up the input vector :param wrapwidths: :param ints*: list. optional list of integers to get different hashings :param readonly*: boolean. ''' qfloats = [floor(f*numtilings) for f in floats] Tiles = [] for tiling in range(numtilings): tilingX2 = tiling*2 coords = [tiling] b = tiling for q, width in zip_longest(qfloats, wrapwidths): c = (q + b % numtilings) // numtilings coords.append(c % width if width else c) b += tilingX2 coords.extend(ints) Tiles.append(hashcoords(coords, ihtORsize, readonly)) return Tiles