#!/usr/bin/python
''' sequential backward selection
In order to reduce the complexity of the model, the number of features
can be reduced by Sequential Backward Selection
Th e13b dataset has 20 column sums, one for each column in the original
images. Only a few of these would be needed to produce a good
fit.
The SBS algorithm removes features by repeatedly running a fit of the data,
selecting the feature for removal that makes the least difference to the
accuracy of the fit.
Created on Jun 23, 2016
from Python Machine Learning by Sebastian Raschka under the following license
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2015, 2016 SEBASTIAN RASCHKA (mail@sebastianraschka.com)
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
@author: richard lyman
'''
import numpy as np
import ocr_utils
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
y, X, y_test, X_test, labels = ocr_utils.load_E13B(chars_to_train = (48,49,50) , columns=range(0,20), nChars=1000, random_state=0)
from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=0)
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
stdsc = StandardScaler()
X_train_std = stdsc.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_std = stdsc.transform(X_test)
sc = StandardScaler()
sc.fit(X_train)
X_train_std = sc.transform(X_train)
X_test_std = sc.transform(X_test)
X_combined_std = np.vstack((X_train_std, X_test_std))
y_combined = np.hstack((y_train, y_test))
from sklearn.base import clone
from itertools import combinations
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
class SBS():
def __init__(self, estimator, k_features,
scoring=accuracy_score,
test_size=0.25, random_state=1):
self.scoring = scoring
self.estimator = clone(estimator)
self.k_features = k_features
self.test_size = test_size
self.random_state = random_state
def fit(self, X, y):
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = \
train_test_split(X, y, test_size=self.test_size,
random_state=self.random_state)
dim = X_train.shape[1]
self.indices_ = tuple(range(dim))
self.subsets_ = [self.indices_]
score = self._calc_score(X_train, y_train,
X_test, y_test, self.indices_)
self.scores_ = [score]
while dim > self.k_features:
scores = []
subsets = []
for p in combinations(self.indices_, r=dim-1):
score = self._calc_score(X_train, y_train,
X_test, y_test, p)
scores.append(score)
subsets.append(p)
best = np.argmax(scores)
self.indices_ = subsets[best]
self.subsets_.append(self.indices_)
dim -= 1
self.scores_.append(scores[best])
self.k_score_ = self.scores_[-1]
return self
def transform(self, X):
return X[:, self.indices_]
def _calc_score(self, X_train, y_train,
X_test, y_test, indices):
self.estimator.fit(X_train[:, indices], y_train)
y_pred = self.estimator.predict(X_test[:, indices])
score = self.scoring(y_test, y_pred)
return score
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=2)
# selecting features
sbs = SBS(knn, k_features=1)
sbs.fit(X_train_std, y_train)
# plotting performance of feature subsets
k_feat = [len(k) for k in sbs.subsets_]
title='Sequential Backward Selection'
plt.plot(k_feat, sbs.scores_, marker='o')
plt.ylim([0.7, 1.1])
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Number of features')
plt.grid()
plt.title(title)
plt.tight_layout()
ocr_utils.show_figures(plt,title)
best=10
k5 = list(sbs.subsets_[best])
print('The best {} column_sums'.format(best))
for s in k5:
print(labels[s])
print()
knn.fit(X_train_std, y_train)
print('Training accuracy using all features:', knn.score(X_train_std, y_train))
print('Test accuracy using all features:', knn.score(X_test_std, y_test))
knn.fit(X_train_std[:, k5], y_train)
print('Training accuracy using {} features:'.format(best), knn.score(X_train_std[:, k5], y_train))
print('Test accuracy using {} features:'.format(best), knn.score(X_test_std[:, k5], y_test))
print ('\n########################### No Errors ####################################')
