# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A Simple Random Fractal Tree
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"""
import numpy as np
try:
import cairocffi as cairo
except ImportError:
import cairo
ITERATIONS = 16 # total number of iterations
ROOT_COLOR = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0]) # root branch color
LEAF_COLOR = np.array([1.0, 1.0, 0.2]) # leaf color
TRUNK_LEN = 200 # initial length of the trunk
TRUNK_RAD = 3.0 # initial radius of the trunk
THETA = np.pi / 2 # initial angle of the branch
ANGLE = np.pi / 4.5 # angle between branches in the same level
PERTURB = 6.0 # perturb the angle a little to make the tree look random
RATIO = 0.8 # contraction factor between successive trunks
WIDTH = 600 # image width
HEIGHT = 600 # image height
ROOT = (WIDTH / 2.0, HEIGHT + 50) # pixel position of the root
def get_color(level):
"""
Return an interpolation of the two colors `ROOT_COLOR` and `LEAF_COLOR`.
"""
a = float(level) / ITERATIONS
return a * ROOT_COLOR + (1 - a) * LEAF_COLOR
def get_line_width(level):
"""Return the line width of a given level."""
return max(1, TRUNK_RAD * level / ITERATIONS)
def fractal_tree(ctx, # a cairo context to draw on
level, # current level in the iterations
start, # (x, y) coordinates of the start of this trunk
t, # current trunk length
r, # factor to contract the trunk in each iteration
theta, # orientation of current trunk
angle, # angle between branches in the same level
perturb, # perturb the angle
):
if level == 0:
return
x0, y0 = start
# randomize the length
randt = np.random.random() * t
x, y = x0 + randt * np.cos(theta), y0 - randt * np.sin(theta)
color = get_color(level)
ctx.move_to(x0, y0)
ctx.line_to(x, y)
ctx.set_line_width(get_line_width(level))
ctx.set_source_rgb(*color)
ctx.stroke()
theta1 = theta + np.random.random() * (perturb / level) * angle
theta2 = theta - np.random.random() * (perturb / level) * angle
# recursively draw the next branches
fractal_tree(ctx, level - 1, (x, y), t * r,
r, theta1, angle, perturb)
fractal_tree(ctx, level - 1, (x, y), t * r,
r, theta2, angle, perturb)
def main():
surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, WIDTH, HEIGHT)
ctx = cairo.Context(surface)
ctx.set_line_cap(cairo.LINE_CAP_ROUND)
ctx.set_line_join(cairo.LINE_JOIN_ROUND)
ctx.set_source_rgb(1, 1, 1)
ctx.paint()
fractal_tree(ctx, ITERATIONS, ROOT, TRUNK_LEN,
RATIO, THETA, ANGLE, PERTURB)
surface.write_to_png("random_fractal_tree.png")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
