# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""`tldextract` accurately separates the gTLD or ccTLD (generic or country code
top-level domain) from the registered domain and subdomains of a URL.
>>> import tldextract
>>> tldextract.extract('http://forums.news.cnn.com/')
ExtractResult(subdomain='forums.news', domain='cnn', suffix='com')
>>> tldextract.extract('http://forums.bbc.co.uk/') # United Kingdom
ExtractResult(subdomain='forums', domain='bbc', suffix='co.uk')
>>> tldextract.extract('http://www.worldbank.org.kg/') # Kyrgyzstan
ExtractResult(subdomain='www', domain='worldbank', suffix='org.kg')
`ExtractResult` is a namedtuple, so it's simple to access the parts you want.
>>> ext = tldextract.extract('http://forums.bbc.co.uk')
>>> (ext.subdomain, ext.domain, ext.suffix)
('forums', 'bbc', 'co.uk')
>>> # rejoin subdomain and domain
>>> '.'.join(ext[:2])
'forums.bbc'
>>> # a common alias
>>> ext.registered_domain
'bbc.co.uk'
"""
import collections
from contextlib import closing
import errno
from functools import wraps
import json
import logging
import os
import re
import idna
try:
import pkg_resources
except ImportError:
class pkg_resources(object): # pylint: disable=invalid-name
"""Fake pkg_resources interface which falls back to getting resources
inside `tldextract`'s directory.
"""
@classmethod
def resource_stream(cls, _, resource_name):
moddir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
path = os.path.join(moddir, resource_name)
return open(path)
from .remote import find_first_response
from .remote import looks_like_ip
from .remote import SCHEME_RE
# pylint: disable=invalid-name,undefined-variable
try:
STRING_TYPE = basestring
except NameError:
STRING_TYPE = str
# pylint: enable=invalid-name,undefined-variable
LOG = logging.getLogger("tldextract")
CACHE_FILE_DEFAULT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '.tld_set')
CACHE_FILE = os.path.expanduser(os.environ.get("TLDEXTRACT_CACHE", CACHE_FILE_DEFAULT))
PUBLIC_SUFFIX_LIST_URLS = (
'https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat',
'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/publicsuffix/list/master/public_suffix_list.dat',
)
PUBLIC_SUFFIX_RE = re.compile(r'^(?P<suffix>[.*!]*\w[\S]*)', re.UNICODE | re.MULTILINE)
class ExtractResult(collections.namedtuple('ExtractResult', 'subdomain domain suffix')):
'''namedtuple of a URL's subdomain, domain, and suffix.'''
# Necessary for __dict__ member to get populated in Python 3+
__slots__ = ()
@property
def registered_domain(self):
"""
Joins the domain and suffix fields with a dot, if they're both set.
>>> extract('http://forums.bbc.co.uk').registered_domain
'bbc.co.uk'
>>> extract('http://localhost:8080').registered_domain
''
"""
if self.domain and self.suffix:
return self.domain + '.' + self.suffix
return ''
class TLDExtract(object):
'''A callable for extracting, subdomain, domain, and suffix components from
a URL.'''
# TODO: Agreed with Pylint: too-many-arguments
def __init__(self, cache_file=CACHE_FILE, suffix_list_urls=PUBLIC_SUFFIX_LIST_URLS, # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
fallback_to_snapshot=True, include_psl_private_domains=False, extra_suffixes=()):
"""
Constructs a callable for extracting subdomain, domain, and suffix
components from a URL.
Upon calling it, it first checks for a JSON `cache_file`.
By default, the `cache_file` will live in the tldextract directory.
You can disable the caching functionality of this module by setting `cache_file` to False.
If the `cache_file` does not exist (such as on the first run), HTTP request the URLs in
`suffix_list_urls` in order, until one returns public suffix list data. To disable HTTP
requests, set this to something falsy.
The default list of URLs point to the latest version of the Mozilla Public Suffix List and
its mirror, but any similar document could be specified.
Local files can be specified by using the `file://` protocol. (See `urllib2` documentation.)
If there is no `cache_file` loaded and no data is found from the `suffix_list_urls`,
the module will fall back to the included TLD set snapshot. If you do not want
this behavior, you may set `fallback_to_snapshot` to False, and an exception will be
raised instead.
The Public Suffix List includes a list of "private domains" as TLDs,
such as blogspot.com. These do not fit `tldextract`'s definition of a
suffix, so these domains are excluded by default. If you'd like them
included instead, set `include_psl_private_domains` to True.
You can pass additional suffixes in `extra_suffixes` argument without changing list URL
"""
suffix_list_urls = suffix_list_urls or ()
self.suffix_list_urls = tuple(url.strip() for url in suffix_list_urls if url.strip())
self.cache_file = os.path.expanduser(cache_file or '')
self.fallback_to_snapshot = fallback_to_snapshot
if not (self.suffix_list_urls or self.cache_file or self.fallback_to_snapshot):
raise ValueError("The arguments you have provided disable all ways for tldextract "
"to obtain data. Please provide a suffix list data, a cache_file, "
"or set `fallback_to_snapshot` to `True`.")
self.include_psl_private_domains = include_psl_private_domains
self.extra_suffixes = extra_suffixes
self._extractor = None
def __call__(self, url):
"""
Takes a string URL and splits it into its subdomain, domain, and
suffix (effective TLD, gTLD, ccTLD, etc.) component.
>>> extract = TLDExtract()
>>> extract('http://forums.news.cnn.com/')
ExtractResult(subdomain='forums.news', domain='cnn', suffix='com')
>>> extract('http://forums.bbc.co.uk/')
ExtractResult(subdomain='forums', domain='bbc', suffix='co.uk')
"""
netloc = SCHEME_RE.sub("", url) \
.partition("/")[0] \
.partition("?")[0] \
.partition("#")[0] \
.split("@")[-1] \
.partition(":")[0] \
.strip() \
.rstrip(".")
labels = netloc.split(".")
translations = []
for label in labels:
if label.startswith("xn--"):
try:
translation = idna.decode(label.encode('ascii'))
except UnicodeError:
translation = label
else:
translation = label
translation = translation.lower()
translations.append(translation)
suffix_index = self._get_tld_extractor().suffix_index(translations)
registered_domain = ".".join(labels[:suffix_index])
suffix = ".".join(labels[suffix_index:])
if not suffix and netloc and looks_like_ip(netloc):
return ExtractResult('', netloc, '')
subdomain, _, domain = registered_domain.rpartition('.')
return ExtractResult(subdomain, domain, suffix)
def update(self, fetch_now=False):
if os.path.exists(self.cache_file):
os.unlink(self.cache_file)
self._extractor = None
if fetch_now:
self._get_tld_extractor()
@property
def tlds(self):
return self._get_tld_extractor().tlds
def _get_tld_extractor(self):
'''Get or compute this object's TLDExtractor. Looks up the TLDExtractor
in roughly the following order, based on the settings passed to
__init__:
1. Memoized on `self`
2. Local system cache file
3. Remote PSL, over HTTP
4. Bundled PSL snapshot file'''
if self._extractor:
return self._extractor
tlds = self._get_cached_tlds()
if tlds:
tlds.extend(self.extra_suffixes)
self._extractor = _PublicSuffixListTLDExtractor(tlds)
return self._extractor
elif self.suffix_list_urls:
raw_suffix_list_data = find_first_response(self.suffix_list_urls)
tlds = get_tlds_from_raw_suffix_list_data(
raw_suffix_list_data,
self.include_psl_private_domains
)
if not tlds and self.fallback_to_snapshot:
tlds = self._get_snapshot_tld_extractor()
tlds.extend(self.extra_suffixes)
self._extractor = _PublicSuffixListTLDExtractor(tlds)
return self._extractor
elif not tlds:
raise Exception("tlds is empty, but fallback_to_snapshot is set"
" to false. Cannot proceed without tlds.")
self._cache_tlds(tlds)
tlds.extend(self.extra_suffixes)
self._extractor = _PublicSuffixListTLDExtractor(tlds)
return self._extractor
def _get_cached_tlds(self):
'''Read the local TLD cache file. Returns None on IOError or other
error, or if this object is not set to use the cache
file.'''
if not self.cache_file:
return
try:
with open(self.cache_file) as cache_file:
try:
return json.loads(cache_file.read())
except (IOError, ValueError) as exc:
LOG.error(
"error reading TLD cache file %s: %s",
self.cache_file,
exc
)
except IOError as ioe:
file_not_found = ioe.errno == errno.ENOENT
if not file_not_found:
LOG.error("error reading TLD cache file %s: %s", self.cache_file, ioe)
@staticmethod
def _get_snapshot_tld_extractor():
snapshot_stream = pkg_resources.resource_stream(__name__, '.tld_set_snapshot')
with closing(snapshot_stream) as snapshot_file:
return json.loads(snapshot_file.read().decode('utf-8'))
def _cache_tlds(self, tlds):
'''Logs a diff of the new TLDs and caches them on disk, according to
settings passed to __init__.'''
if LOG.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
import difflib
snapshot_stream = pkg_resources.resource_stream(__name__, '.tld_set_snapshot')
with closing(snapshot_stream) as snapshot_file:
snapshot = sorted(
json.loads(snapshot_file.read().decode('utf-8'))
)
new = sorted(tlds)
LOG.debug('computed TLD diff:\n' + '\n'.join(difflib.unified_diff(
snapshot,
new,
fromfile=".tld_set_snapshot",
tofile=self.cache_file
)))
if self.cache_file:
try:
with open(self.cache_file, 'w') as cache_file:
json.dump(tlds, cache_file)
except IOError as ioe:
LOG.warn("unable to cache TLDs in file %s: %s", self.cache_file, ioe)
TLD_EXTRACTOR = TLDExtract()
@wraps(TLD_EXTRACTOR.__call__)
def extract(url):
return TLD_EXTRACTOR(url)
@wraps(TLD_EXTRACTOR.update)
def update(*args, **kwargs):
return TLD_EXTRACTOR.update(*args, **kwargs)
def get_tlds_from_raw_suffix_list_data(suffix_list_source, include_psl_private_domains=False):
if include_psl_private_domains:
text = suffix_list_source
else:
text, _, _ = suffix_list_source.partition('// ===BEGIN PRIVATE DOMAINS===')
tlds = [m.group('suffix') for m in PUBLIC_SUFFIX_RE.finditer(text)]
return tlds
class _PublicSuffixListTLDExtractor(object):
def __init__(self, tlds):
self.tlds = frozenset(tlds)
def suffix_index(self, lower_spl):
"""Returns the index of the first suffix label.
Returns len(spl) if no suffix is found
"""
for i in range(len(lower_spl)):
maybe_tld = '.'.join(lower_spl[i:])
exception_tld = '!' + maybe_tld
if exception_tld in self.tlds:
return i + 1
if maybe_tld in self.tlds:
return i
wildcard_tld = '*.' + '.'.join(lower_spl[i + 1:])
if wildcard_tld in self.tlds:
return i
return len(lower_spl)
