Python time.timezone() Examples

def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""

    expires = None
    if morsel['max-age']:
        expires = time.time() + morsel['max-age']
    elif morsel['expires']:
        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
        expires = time.mktime(
            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)) - time.timezone
    return create_cookie(
        comment=morsel['comment'],
        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
        discard=False,
        domain=morsel['domain'],
        expires=expires,
        name=morsel.key,
        path=morsel['path'],
        port=None,
        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
        rfc2109=False,
        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
        value=morsel.value,
        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
    ) 

def dst(self, dt):
        if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:
            # An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases.
            # It depends on how you want to treat them.  The default
            # fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone()
            # implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self.
            return ZERO
        assert dt.tzinfo is self

        # Find first Sunday in April & the last in October.
        start = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTSTART.replace(year=dt.year))
        end = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTEND.replace(year=dt.year))

        # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from
        # dt first.
        if start <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < end:
            return HOUR
        else:
            return ZERO 

def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""

    expires = None
    if morsel['max-age']:
        expires = time.time() + morsel['max-age']
    elif morsel['expires']:
        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
        expires = time.mktime(
            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)) - time.timezone
    return create_cookie(
        comment=morsel['comment'],
        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
        discard=False,
        domain=morsel['domain'],
        expires=expires,
        name=morsel.key,
        path=morsel['path'],
        port=None,
        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
        rfc2109=False,
        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
        value=morsel.value,
        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
    ) 

def dst(self, dt):
        if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:
            # An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases.
            # It depends on how you want to treat them.  The default
            # fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone()
            # implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self.
            return ZERO
        assert dt.tzinfo is self

        # Find first Sunday in April & the last in October.
        start = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTSTART.replace(year=dt.year))
        end = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTEND.replace(year=dt.year))

        # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from
        # dt first.
        if start <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < end:
            return HOUR
        else:
            return ZERO 

def _parse_date_rfc822(dateString):
    '''Parse an RFC822, RFC1123, RFC2822, or asctime-style date'''
    data = dateString.split()
    if data[0][-1] in (',', '.') or data[0].lower() in rfc822._daynames:
        del data[0]
    if len(data) == 4:
        s = data[3]
        i = s.find('+')
        if i > 0:
            data[3:] = [s[:i], s[i+1:]]
        else:
            data.append('')
        dateString = " ".join(data)
    # Account for the Etc/GMT timezone by stripping 'Etc/'
    elif len(data) == 5 and data[4].lower().startswith('etc/'):
        data[4] = data[4][4:]
        dateString = " ".join(data)
    if len(data) < 5:
        dateString += ' 00:00:00 GMT'
    tm = rfc822.parsedate_tz(dateString)
    if tm:
        return time.gmtime(rfc822.mktime_tz(tm))
# rfc822.py defines several time zones, but we define some extra ones.
# 'ET' is equivalent to 'EST', etc. 

def logmsg(request,type,message,args):
    is_dst = time.daylight and time.localtime().tm_isdst > 0
    tz =  - (time.altzone if is_dst else time.timezone) / 36
    if tz>=0:
        tz="+%04d"%tz
    else:
        tz="%05d"%tz
    datestr = '%d/%b/%Y %H:%M:%S'
    user = getattr(logStore,'user','')
    isValid = getattr(logStore,'isValid','')
    code = getattr(logStore,'code','')
    args = getLogDateTime(args)
    log = '%s %s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s' % (datetime.now().strftime(datestr),tz,request.address_string(),user,isValid,code, message % args)
    with logLock:
        with open(cfg.logpath,'a') as fw:
            fw.write(log+os.linesep)
    return log 

def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""

    expires = None
    if morsel['max-age']:
        expires = time.time() + morsel['max-age']
    elif morsel['expires']:
        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
        expires = time.mktime(
            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)) - time.timezone
    return create_cookie(
        comment=morsel['comment'],
        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
        discard=False,
        domain=morsel['domain'],
        expires=expires,
        name=morsel.key,
        path=morsel['path'],
        port=None,
        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
        rfc2109=False,
        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
        value=morsel.value,
        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
    ) 

def __repr__(self):
        """Convert to formal string, for repr().

        >>> dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1)
        >>> repr(dt)
        'datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0)'

        >>> dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        >>> repr(dt)
        'datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)'
        """
        return "%s(%d, %d, %d)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
                                   self._year,
                                   self._month,
                                   self._day)
    # XXX These shouldn't depend on time.localtime(), because that
    # clips the usable dates to [1970 .. 2038).  At least ctime() is
    # easily done without using strftime() -- that's better too because
    # strftime("%c", ...) is locale specific. 

def __repr__(self):
        """Convert to formal string, for repr().

        >>> tz = timezone.utc
        >>> repr(tz)
        'datetime.timezone.utc'
        >>> tz = timezone(timedelta(hours=-5), 'EST')
        >>> repr(tz)
        "datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(-1, 68400), 'EST')"
        """
        if self is self.utc:
            return 'datetime.timezone.utc'
        if self._name is None:
            return "%s(%r)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
                               self._offset)
        return "%s(%r, %r)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
                               self._offset, self._name) 

def format_datetime(dt, usegmt=False):
    """Turn a datetime into a date string as specified in RFC 2822.

    If usegmt is True, dt must be an aware datetime with an offset of zero.  In
    this case 'GMT' will be rendered instead of the normal +0000 required by
    RFC2822.  This is to support HTTP headers involving date stamps.
    """
    now = dt.timetuple()
    if usegmt:
        if dt.tzinfo is None or dt.tzinfo != datetime.timezone.utc:
            raise ValueError("usegmt option requires a UTC datetime")
        zone = 'GMT'
    elif dt.tzinfo is None:
        zone = '-0000'
    else:
        zone = dt.strftime("%z")
    return _format_timetuple_and_zone(now, zone) 

def __repr__(self):
        """Convert to formal string, for repr().

        >>> dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1)
        >>> repr(dt)
        'datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0)'

        >>> dt = datetime(2010, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        >>> repr(dt)
        'datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)'
        """
        return "%s(%d, %d, %d)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
                                   self._year,
                                   self._month,
                                   self._day)
    # XXX These shouldn't depend on time.localtime(), because that
    # clips the usable dates to [1970 .. 2038).  At least ctime() is
    # easily done without using strftime() -- that's better too because
    # strftime("%c", ...) is locale specific. 

def __sub__(self, other):
        "Subtract two datetimes, or a datetime and a timedelta."
        if not isinstance(other, datetime):
            if isinstance(other, timedelta):
                return self + -other
            return NotImplemented

        days1 = self.toordinal()
        days2 = other.toordinal()
        secs1 = self._second + self._minute * 60 + self._hour * 3600
        secs2 = other._second + other._minute * 60 + other._hour * 3600
        base = timedelta(days1 - days2,
                         secs1 - secs2,
                         self._microsecond - other._microsecond)
        if self._tzinfo is other._tzinfo:
            return base
        myoff = self.utcoffset()
        otoff = other.utcoffset()
        if myoff == otoff:
            return base
        if myoff is None or otoff is None:
            raise TypeError("cannot mix naive and timezone-aware time")
        return base + otoff - myoff 

def __repr__(self):
        """Convert to formal string, for repr().

        >>> tz = timezone.utc
        >>> repr(tz)
        'datetime.timezone.utc'
        >>> tz = timezone(timedelta(hours=-5), 'EST')
        >>> repr(tz)
        "datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(-1, 68400), 'EST')"
        """
        if self is self.utc:
            return 'datetime.timezone.utc'
        if self._name is None:
            return "%s(%r)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
                               self._offset)
        return "%s(%r, %r)" % ('datetime.' + self.__class__.__name__,
                               self._offset, self._name) 

def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""

    expires = None
    if morsel['max-age']:
        expires = time.time() + morsel['max-age']
    elif morsel['expires']:
        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
        expires = time.mktime(
            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)) - time.timezone
    return create_cookie(
        comment=morsel['comment'],
        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
        discard=False,
        domain=morsel['domain'],
        expires=expires,
        name=morsel.key,
        path=morsel['path'],
        port=None,
        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
        rfc2109=False,
        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
        value=morsel.value,
        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
    ) 

def localtime(value, timezone=None):
    """
    Converts an aware datetime.datetime to local time.

    Local time is defined by the current time zone, unless another time zone
    is specified.
    """
    if timezone is None:
        timezone = get_current_timezone()
    # If `value` is naive, astimezone() will raise a ValueError,
    # so we don't need to perform a redundant check.
    value = value.astimezone(timezone)
    if hasattr(timezone, 'normalize'):
        # This method is available for pytz time zones.
        value = timezone.normalize(value)
    return value 

def make_aware(value, timezone=None):
    """
    Makes a naive datetime.datetime in a given time zone aware.
    """
    if timezone is None:
        timezone = get_current_timezone()
    if hasattr(timezone, 'localize'):
        # This method is available for pytz time zones.
        return timezone.localize(value, is_dst=None)
    else:
        # Check that we won't overwrite the timezone of an aware datetime.
        if is_aware(value):
            raise ValueError(
                "make_aware expects a naive datetime, got %s" % value)
        # This may be wrong around DST changes!
        return value.replace(tzinfo=timezone) 

def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""

    expires = None
    if morsel['max-age']:
        expires = time.time() + morsel['max-age']
    elif morsel['expires']:
        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
        expires = time.mktime(
            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)) - time.timezone
    return create_cookie(
        comment=morsel['comment'],
        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
        discard=False,
        domain=morsel['domain'],
        expires=expires,
        name=morsel.key,
        path=morsel['path'],
        port=None,
        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
        rfc2109=False,
        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
        value=morsel.value,
        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
    ) 

def dst(self, dt):
        if dt is None or dt.tzinfo is None:
            # An exception may be sensible here, in one or both cases.
            # It depends on how you want to treat them.  The default
            # fromutc() implementation (called by the default astimezone()
            # implementation) passes a datetime with dt.tzinfo is self.
            return ZERO
        assert dt.tzinfo is self

        # Find first Sunday in April & the last in October.
        start = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTSTART.replace(year=dt.year))
        end = first_sunday_on_or_after(DSTEND.replace(year=dt.year))

        # Can't compare naive to aware objects, so strip the timezone from
        # dt first.
        if start <= dt.replace(tzinfo=None) < end:
            return HOUR
        else:
            return ZERO 

def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""

    expires = None
    if morsel['max-age']:
        expires = time.time() + morsel['max-age']
    elif morsel['expires']:
        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
        expires = time.mktime(
            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)) - time.timezone
    return create_cookie(
        comment=morsel['comment'],
        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
        discard=False,
        domain=morsel['domain'],
        expires=expires,
        name=morsel.key,
        path=morsel['path'],
        port=None,
        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
        rfc2109=False,
        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
        value=morsel.value,
        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
    ) 

def format_datetime(dt, usegmt=False):
    """Turn a datetime into a date string as specified in RFC 2822.

    If usegmt is True, dt must be an aware datetime with an offset of zero.  In
    this case 'GMT' will be rendered instead of the normal +0000 required by
    RFC2822.  This is to support HTTP headers involving date stamps.
    """
    now = dt.timetuple()
    if usegmt:
        if dt.tzinfo is None or dt.tzinfo != datetime.timezone.utc:
            raise ValueError("usegmt option requires a UTC datetime")
        zone = 'GMT'
    elif dt.tzinfo is None:
        zone = '-0000'
    else:
        zone = dt.strftime("%z")
    return _format_timetuple_and_zone(now, zone) 

def test_mktime(self):
        # Issue #1726687
        for t in (-2, -1, 0, 1):
            if sys.platform.startswith('aix') and t == -1:
                # Issue #11188, #19748: mktime() returns -1 on error. On Linux,
                # the tm_wday field is used as a sentinel () to detect if -1 is
                # really an error or a valid timestamp. On AIX, tm_wday is
                # unchanged even on success and so cannot be used as a
                # sentinel.
                continue
            try:
                tt = time.localtime(t)
            except (OverflowError, OSError):
                pass
            else:
                self.assertEqual(time.mktime(tt), t)

    # Issue #13309: passing extreme values to mktime() or localtime()
    # borks the glibc's internal timezone data. 

def Time2Internaldate(date_time):

    """Convert date_time to IMAP4 INTERNALDATE representation.

    Return string in form: '"DD-Mmm-YYYY HH:MM:SS +HHMM"'.  The
    date_time argument can be a number (int or float) representing
    seconds since epoch (as returned by time.time()), a 9-tuple
    representing local time (as returned by time.localtime()), or a
    double-quoted string.  In the last case, it is assumed to already
    be in the correct format.
    """

    if isinstance(date_time, (int, float)):
        tt = time.localtime(date_time)
    elif isinstance(date_time, (tuple, time.struct_time)):
        tt = date_time
    elif isinstance(date_time, str) and (date_time[0],date_time[-1]) == ('"','"'):
        return date_time        # Assume in correct format
    else:
        raise ValueError("date_time not of a known type")

    dt = time.strftime("%d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S", tt)
    if dt[0] == '0':
        dt = ' ' + dt[1:]
    if time.daylight and tt[-1]:
        zone = -time.altzone
    else:
        zone = -time.timezone
    return '"' + dt + " %+03d%02d" % divmod(zone//60, 60) + '"' 

def setUp(self):
        fp = openfile('PyBanner048.gif')
        try:
            data = fp.read()
        finally:
            fp.close()

        container = MIMEBase('multipart', 'mixed', boundary='BOUNDARY')
        image = MIMEImage(data, name='dingusfish.gif')
        image.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
                         filename='dingusfish.gif')
        intro = MIMEText('''\
Hi there,

This is the dingus fish.
''')
        container.attach(intro)
        container.attach(image)
        container['From'] = 'Barry <[email protected]>'
        container['To'] = 'Dingus Lovers <[email protected]>'
        container['Subject'] = 'Here is your dingus fish'

        now = 987809702.54848599
        timetuple = time.localtime(now)
        if timetuple[-1] == 0:
            tzsecs = time.timezone
        else:
            tzsecs = time.altzone
        if tzsecs > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        tzoffset = ' %s%04d' % (sign, tzsecs // 36)
        container['Date'] = time.strftime(
            '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
            time.localtime(now)) + tzoffset
        self._msg = container
        self._im = image
        self._txt = intro 

def setUp(self):
        fp = openfile('PyBanner048.gif')
        try:
            data = fp.read()
        finally:
            fp.close()

        container = MIMEBase('multipart', 'mixed', boundary='BOUNDARY')
        image = MIMEImage(data, name='dingusfish.gif')
        image.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
                         filename='dingusfish.gif')
        intro = MIMEText('''\
Hi there,

This is the dingus fish.
''')
        container.attach(intro)
        container.attach(image)
        container['From'] = 'Barry <[email protected]>'
        container['To'] = 'Dingus Lovers <[email protected]>'
        container['Subject'] = 'Here is your dingus fish'

        now = 987809702.54848599
        timetuple = time.localtime(now)
        if timetuple[-1] == 0:
            tzsecs = time.timezone
        else:
            tzsecs = time.altzone
        if tzsecs > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        tzoffset = ' %s%04d' % (sign, tzsecs // 36)
        container['Date'] = time.strftime(
            '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
            time.localtime(now)) + tzoffset
        self._msg = container
        self._im = image
        self._txt = intro 

def test_cert_time_to_seconds_timezone(self):
        # Issue #19940: ssl.cert_time_to_seconds() returns wrong
        #               results if local timezone is not UTC
        self.cert_time_ok("May  9 00:00:00 2007 GMT", 1178668800.0)
        self.cert_time_ok("Jan  5 09:34:43 2018 GMT", 1515144883.0) 

def test_cert_time_to_seconds(self):
        timestring = "Jan  5 09:34:43 2018 GMT"
        ts = 1515144883.0
        self.cert_time_ok(timestring, ts)
        # accept keyword parameter, assert its name
        self.assertEqual(ssl.cert_time_to_seconds(cert_time=timestring), ts)
        # accept both %e and %d (space or zero generated by strftime)
        self.cert_time_ok("Jan 05 09:34:43 2018 GMT", ts)
        # case-insensitive
        self.cert_time_ok("JaN  5 09:34:43 2018 GmT", ts)
        self.cert_time_fail("Jan  5 09:34 2018 GMT")     # no seconds
        self.cert_time_fail("Jan  5 09:34:43 2018")      # no GMT
        self.cert_time_fail("Jan  5 09:34:43 2018 UTC")  # not GMT timezone
        self.cert_time_fail("Jan 35 09:34:43 2018 GMT")  # invalid day
        self.cert_time_fail("Jon  5 09:34:43 2018 GMT")  # invalid month
        self.cert_time_fail("Jan  5 24:00:00 2018 GMT")  # invalid hour
        self.cert_time_fail("Jan  5 09:60:43 2018 GMT")  # invalid minute

        newyear_ts = 1230768000.0
        # leap seconds
        self.cert_time_ok("Dec 31 23:59:60 2008 GMT", newyear_ts)
        # same timestamp
        self.cert_time_ok("Jan  1 00:00:00 2009 GMT", newyear_ts)

        self.cert_time_ok("Jan  5 09:34:59 2018 GMT", 1515144899)
        #  allow 60th second (even if it is not a leap second)
        self.cert_time_ok("Jan  5 09:34:60 2018 GMT", 1515144900)
        #  allow 2nd leap second for compatibility with time.strptime()
        self.cert_time_ok("Jan  5 09:34:61 2018 GMT", 1515144901)
        self.cert_time_fail("Jan  5 09:34:62 2018 GMT")  # invalid seconds

        # no special treatement for the special value:
        #   99991231235959Z (rfc 5280)
        self.cert_time_ok("Dec 31 23:59:59 9999 GMT", 253402300799.0) 

def _isdst(self, dt):
        # We can't use mktime here. It is unstable when deciding if
        # the hour near to a change is DST or not.
        #
        # timestamp = time.mktime((dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour,
        #                         dt.minute, dt.second, dt.weekday(), 0, -1))
        # return time.localtime(timestamp).tm_isdst
        #
        # The code above yields the following result:
        #
        # >>> import tz, datetime
        # >>> t = tz.tzlocal()
        # >>> datetime.datetime(2003,2,15,23,tzinfo=t).tzname()
        # 'BRDT'
        # >>> datetime.datetime(2003,2,16,0,tzinfo=t).tzname()
        # 'BRST'
        # >>> datetime.datetime(2003,2,15,23,tzinfo=t).tzname()
        # 'BRST'
        # >>> datetime.datetime(2003,2,15,22,tzinfo=t).tzname()
        # 'BRDT'
        # >>> datetime.datetime(2003,2,15,23,tzinfo=t).tzname()
        # 'BRDT'
        #
        # Here is a more stable implementation:
        #
        timestamp = ((dt.toordinal() - EPOCHORDINAL) * 86400
                     + dt.hour * 3600
                     + dt.minute * 60
                     + dt.second)
        return time.localtime(timestamp+time.timezone).tm_isdst 

def __init__(self, s):
        global parser
        if not parser:
            from dateutil import parser
        self._s = s

        res = parser._parsetz(s)
        if res is None:
            raise ValueError("unknown string format")

        # Here we break the compatibility with the TZ variable handling.
        # GMT-3 actually *means* the timezone -3.
        if res.stdabbr in ("GMT", "UTC"):
            res.stdoffset *= -1

        # We must initialize it first, since _delta() needs
        # _std_offset and _dst_offset set. Use False in start/end
        # to avoid building it two times.
        tzrange.__init__(self, res.stdabbr, res.stdoffset,
                         res.dstabbr, res.dstoffset,
                         start=False, end=False)

        if not res.dstabbr:
            self._start_delta = None
            self._end_delta = None
        else:
            self._start_delta = self._delta(res.start)
            if self._start_delta:
                self._end_delta = self._delta(res.end, isend=1) 

def get(self, tzid=None):
        if tzid is None:
            keys = list(self._vtz.keys())
            if len(keys) == 0:
                raise ValueError("no timezones defined")
            elif len(keys) > 1:
                raise ValueError("more than one timezone available")
            tzid = keys[0]
        return self._vtz.get(tzid) 

def __init__(self):
        super(tzlocal, self).__init__()

        self._std_offset = datetime.timedelta(seconds=-time.timezone)
        if time.daylight:
            self._dst_offset = datetime.timedelta(seconds=-time.altzone)
        else:
            self._dst_offset = self._std_offset

        self._dst_saved = self._dst_offset - self._std_offset
        self._hasdst = bool(self._dst_saved) 

def _naive_is_dst(self, dt):
        timestamp = _datetime_to_timestamp(dt)
        return time.localtime(timestamp + time.timezone).tm_isdst 

def __init__(self, s, posix_offset=False):
        global parser
        from dateutil import parser

        self._s = s

        res = parser._parsetz(s)
        if res is None:
            raise ValueError("unknown string format")

        # Here we break the compatibility with the TZ variable handling.
        # GMT-3 actually *means* the timezone -3.
        if res.stdabbr in ("GMT", "UTC") and not posix_offset:
            res.stdoffset *= -1

        # We must initialize it first, since _delta() needs
        # _std_offset and _dst_offset set. Use False in start/end
        # to avoid building it two times.
        tzrange.__init__(self, res.stdabbr, res.stdoffset,
                         res.dstabbr, res.dstoffset,
                         start=False, end=False)

        if not res.dstabbr:
            self._start_delta = None
            self._end_delta = None
        else:
            self._start_delta = self._delta(res.start)
            if self._start_delta:
                self._end_delta = self._delta(res.end, isend=1)

        self.hasdst = bool(self._start_delta) 

def get(self, tzid=None):
        """
        Retrieve a :py:class:`datetime.tzinfo` object by its ``tzid``.

        :param tzid:
            If there is exactly one time zone available, omitting ``tzid``
            or passing :py:const:`None` value returns it. Otherwise a valid
            key (which can be retrieved from :func:`keys`) is required.

        :raises ValueError:
            Raised if ``tzid`` is not specified but there are either more
            or fewer than 1 zone defined.

        :returns:
            Returns either a :py:class:`datetime.tzinfo` object representing
            the relevant time zone or :py:const:`None` if the ``tzid`` was
            not found.
        """
        if tzid is None:
            if len(self._vtz) == 0:
                raise ValueError("no timezones defined")
            elif len(self._vtz) > 1:
                raise ValueError("more than one timezone available")
            tzid = next(iter(self._vtz))

        return self._vtz.get(tzid) 

def my_timezone():
    tz_hours = time.timezone / -3600
    tz_minutes = time.timezone % 3600
    return "{0:0=+3d}:{1:0=2d}".format(tz_hours, tz_minutes)


# Return the DNS primary and secondary IP addresses. 

def interpret_datestring(val):
        if val[-5] in ('+', '-'):
            offset = (int(val[-4:-2]) * 3600 + int(val[-2:]) * 60) * int(val[-5] + '1')
            val = val[:-5]
        else:
            offset = -time.timezone
        for tformat in cql_timestamp_formats:
            try:
                tval = time.strptime(val, tformat)
            except ValueError:
                continue
            # scale seconds to millis for the raw value
            return (calendar.timegm(tval) + offset) * 1e3
        else:
            raise ValueError("can't interpret %r as a date" % (val,)) 

def tzinfo(self):
        """timezone info object"""
        return self._tzinfo

    # Standard conversions, __hash__ (and helpers)

    # Comparisons of time objects with other. 

def _tzstr(self, sep=":"):
        """Return formatted timezone offset (+xx:xx) or None."""
        off = self.utcoffset()
        if off is not None:
            if off.days < 0:
                sign = "-"
                off = -off
            else:
                sign = "+"
            hh, mm = divmod(off, timedelta(hours=1))
            assert not mm % timedelta(minutes=1), "whole minute"
            mm //= timedelta(minutes=1)
            assert 0 <= hh < 24
            off = "%s%02d%s%02d" % (sign, hh, sep, mm)
        return off 

def utcoffset(self):
        """Return the timezone offset in minutes east of UTC (negative west of
        UTC)."""
        if self._tzinfo is None:
            return None
        offset = self._tzinfo.utcoffset(None)
        _check_utc_offset("utcoffset", offset)
        return offset 

def tzinfo(self):
        """timezone info object"""
        return self._tzinfo 

def fromtimestamp(cls, t, tz=None):
        """Construct a datetime from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time()).

        A timezone info object may be passed in as well.
        """

        _check_tzinfo_arg(tz)

        converter = _time.localtime if tz is None else _time.gmtime

        t, frac = divmod(t, 1.0)
        us = int(frac * 1e6)

        # If timestamp is less than one microsecond smaller than a
        # full second, us can be rounded up to 1000000.  In this case,
        # roll over to seconds, otherwise, ValueError is raised
        # by the constructor.
        if us == 1000000:
            t += 1
            us = 0
        y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, weekday, jday, dst = converter(t)
        ss = min(ss, 59)    # clamp out leap seconds if the platform has them
        result = cls(y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, us, tz)
        if tz is not None:
            result = tz.fromutc(result)
        return result 

def utcoffset(self):
        """Return the timezone offset in minutes east of UTC (negative west of
        UTC)."""
        if self._tzinfo is None:
            return None
        offset = self._tzinfo.utcoffset(self)
        _check_utc_offset("utcoffset", offset)
        return offset 

def tzname(self):
        """Return the timezone name.

        Note that the name is 100% informational -- there's no requirement that
        it mean anything in particular. For example, "GMT", "UTC", "-500",
        "-5:00", "EDT", "US/Eastern", "America/New York" are all valid replies.
        """
        name = _call_tzinfo_method(self._tzinfo, "tzname", self)
        _check_tzname(name)
        return name 

def __eq__(self, other):
        if type(other) != timezone:
            return False
        return self._offset == other._offset 

def parsedate_to_datetime(data):
    _3to2list = list(_parsedate_tz(data))
    dtuple, tz, = [_3to2list[:-1]] + _3to2list[-1:]
    if tz is None:
        return datetime.datetime(*dtuple[:6])
    return datetime.datetime(*dtuple[:6],
            tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=tz))) 

def localtime(dt=None, isdst=-1):
    """Return local time as an aware datetime object.

    If called without arguments, return current time.  Otherwise *dt*
    argument should be a datetime instance, and it is converted to the
    local time zone according to the system time zone database.  If *dt* is
    naive (that is, dt.tzinfo is None), it is assumed to be in local time.
    In this case, a positive or zero value for *isdst* causes localtime to
    presume initially that summer time (for example, Daylight Saving Time)
    is or is not (respectively) in effect for the specified time.  A
    negative value for *isdst* causes the localtime() function to attempt
    to divine whether summer time is in effect for the specified time.

    """
    if dt is None:
        return datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc).astimezone()
    if dt.tzinfo is not None:
        return dt.astimezone()
    # We have a naive datetime.  Convert to a (localtime) timetuple and pass to
    # system mktime together with the isdst hint.  System mktime will return
    # seconds since epoch.
    tm = dt.timetuple()[:-1] + (isdst,)
    seconds = time.mktime(tm)
    localtm = time.localtime(seconds)
    try:
        delta = datetime.timedelta(seconds=localtm.tm_gmtoff)
        tz = datetime.timezone(delta, localtm.tm_zone)
    except AttributeError:
        # Compute UTC offset and compare with the value implied by tm_isdst.
        # If the values match, use the zone name implied by tm_isdst.
        delta = dt - datetime.datetime(*time.gmtime(seconds)[:6])
        dst = time.daylight and localtm.tm_isdst > 0
        gmtoff = -(time.altzone if dst else time.timezone)
        if delta == datetime.timedelta(seconds=gmtoff):
            tz = datetime.timezone(delta, time.tzname[dst])
        else:
            tz = datetime.timezone(delta)
    return dt.replace(tzinfo=tz) 

def _tzstr(self, sep=":"):
        """Return formatted timezone offset (+xx:xx) or None."""
        off = self.utcoffset()
        if off is not None:
            if off.days < 0:
                sign = "-"
                off = -off
            else:
                sign = "+"
            hh, mm = divmod(off, timedelta(hours=1))
            assert not mm % timedelta(minutes=1), "whole minute"
            mm //= timedelta(minutes=1)
            assert 0 <= hh < 24
            off = "%s%02d%s%02d" % (sign, hh, sep, mm)
        return off 

def utcoffset(self):
        """Return the timezone offset in minutes east of UTC (negative west of
        UTC)."""
        if self._tzinfo is None:
            return None
        offset = self._tzinfo.utcoffset(None)
        _check_utc_offset("utcoffset", offset)
        return offset 

def tzname(self):
        """Return the timezone name.

        Note that the name is 100% informational -- there's no requirement that
        it mean anything in particular. For example, "GMT", "UTC", "-500",
        "-5:00", "EDT", "US/Eastern", "America/New York" are all valid replies.
        """
        if self._tzinfo is None:
            return None
        name = self._tzinfo.tzname(None)
        _check_tzname(name)
        return name 

def tzinfo(self):
        """timezone info object"""
        return self._tzinfo 

def fromtimestamp(cls, t, tz=None):
        """Construct a datetime from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time()).

        A timezone info object may be passed in as well.
        """

        _check_tzinfo_arg(tz)

        converter = _time.localtime if tz is None else _time.gmtime

        t, frac = divmod(t, 1.0)
        us = int(frac * 1e6)

        # If timestamp is less than one microsecond smaller than a
        # full second, us can be rounded up to 1000000.  In this case,
        # roll over to seconds, otherwise, ValueError is raised
        # by the constructor.
        if us == 1000000:
            t += 1
            us = 0
        y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, weekday, jday, dst = converter(t)
        ss = min(ss, 59)    # clamp out leap seconds if the platform has them
        result = cls(y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, us, tz)
        if tz is not None:
            result = tz.fromutc(result)
        return result 

def utcoffset(self):
        """Return the timezone offset in minutes east of UTC (negative west of
        UTC)."""
        if self._tzinfo is None:
            return None
        offset = self._tzinfo.utcoffset(self)
        _check_utc_offset("utcoffset", offset)
        return offset 

def tzname(self):
        """Return the timezone name.

        Note that the name is 100% informational -- there's no requirement that
        it mean anything in particular. For example, "GMT", "UTC", "-500",
        "-5:00", "EDT", "US/Eastern", "America/New York" are all valid replies.
        """
        name = _call_tzinfo_method(self._tzinfo, "tzname", self)
        _check_tzname(name)
        return name 

def __eq__(self, other):
        if type(other) != timezone:
            return False
        return self._offset == other._offset 

def morsel_to_cookie(morsel):
    """Convert a Morsel object into a Cookie containing the one k/v pair."""

    expires = None
    if morsel['max-age']:
        try:
            expires = int(time.time() + int(morsel['max-age']))
        except ValueError:
            raise TypeError('max-age: %s must be integer' % morsel['max-age'])
    elif morsel['expires']:
        time_template = '%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
        expires = int(time.mktime(
            time.strptime(morsel['expires'], time_template)) - time.timezone)
    return create_cookie(
        comment=morsel['comment'],
        comment_url=bool(morsel['comment']),
        discard=False,
        domain=morsel['domain'],
        expires=expires,
        name=morsel.key,
        path=morsel['path'],
        port=None,
        rest={'HttpOnly': morsel['httponly']},
        rfc2109=False,
        secure=bool(morsel['secure']),
        value=morsel.value,
        version=morsel['version'] or 0,
    ) 

def print_time_str(unix_timestamp):
    utc_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(unix_timestamp, timezone.utc)
    local_time = utc_time.astimezone()
    print(utc_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f%z (%Z)"))
    print(local_time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f%z (%Z)"))
    return local_time 

def __init__(self, offset):
        warnings.warn(
            "django.utils.tzinfo.FixedOffset will be removed in Django 1.9. "
            "Use django.utils.timezone.get_fixed_timezone instead.",
            RemovedInDjango19Warning)
        if isinstance(offset, timedelta):
            self.__offset = offset
            offset = self.__offset.seconds // 60
        else:
            self.__offset = timedelta(minutes=offset)

        sign = '-' if offset < 0 else '+'
        self.__name = "%s%02d%02d" % (sign, abs(offset) / 60., abs(offset) % 60) 

def dst(self, dt):
        return timedelta(0)


# This implementation is used for display purposes. It uses an approximation
# for DST computations on dates >= 2038.

# A similar implementation exists in django.utils.timezone. It's used for
# timezone support (when USE_TZ = True) and focuses on correctness. 

def __init__(self, dt):
        warnings.warn(
            "django.utils.tzinfo.LocalTimezone will be removed in Django 1.9. "
            "Use django.utils.timezone.get_default_timezone instead.",
            RemovedInDjango19Warning)
        tzinfo.__init__(self)
        self.__dt = dt
        self._tzname = self.tzname(dt) 

def utcoffset(self, dt):
        if self._isdst(dt):
            return timedelta(seconds=-time.altzone)
        else:
            return timedelta(seconds=-time.timezone) 

def __init__(self):
        self.STDOFFSET = timedelta(seconds=-_time.timezone)
        if _time.daylight:
            self.DSTOFFSET = timedelta(seconds=-_time.altzone)
        else:
            self.DSTOFFSET = self.STDOFFSET
        self.DSTDIFF = self.DSTOFFSET - self.STDOFFSET
        tzinfo.__init__(self) 

def get_default_timezone():
    """
    Returns the default time zone as a tzinfo instance.

    This is the time zone defined by settings.TIME_ZONE.
    """
    if isinstance(settings.TIME_ZONE, six.string_types) and pytz is not None:
        return pytz.timezone(settings.TIME_ZONE)
    else:
        # This relies on os.environ['TZ'] being set to settings.TIME_ZONE.
        return LocalTimezone()


# This function exists for consistency with get_current_timezone_name 

def _get_timezone_name(timezone):
    """
    Returns the name of ``timezone``.
    """
    try:
        # for pytz timezones
        return timezone.zone
    except AttributeError:
        # for regular tzinfo objects
        return timezone.tzname(None)

# Timezone selection functions.

# These functions don't change os.environ['TZ'] and call time.tzset()
# because it isn't thread safe. 

def activate(timezone):
    """
    Sets the time zone for the current thread.

    The ``timezone`` argument must be an instance of a tzinfo subclass or a
    time zone name. If it is a time zone name, pytz is required.
    """
    if isinstance(timezone, tzinfo):
        _active.value = timezone
    elif isinstance(timezone, six.string_types) and pytz is not None:
        _active.value = pytz.timezone(timezone)
    else:
        raise ValueError("Invalid timezone: %r" % timezone) 

def __init__(self, timezone):
        self.timezone = timezone 

def make_naive(value, timezone=None):
    """
    Makes an aware datetime.datetime naive in a given time zone.
    """
    if timezone is None:
        timezone = get_current_timezone()
    # If `value` is naive, astimezone() will raise a ValueError,
    # so we don't need to perform a redundant check.
    value = value.astimezone(timezone)
    if hasattr(timezone, 'normalize'):
        # This method is available for pytz time zones.
        value = timezone.normalize(value)
    return value.replace(tzinfo=None) 

def decode_utc_time(self, date_str, time_str):
        t = datetime.strptime(date_str + ' ' + time_str, "%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S %p")

        tz_offset = -time.timezone
        local_time = time.localtime()
        if local_time.tm_isdst == 1:
            tz_offset += 3600

        res = t + timedelta(seconds=tz_offset)
        return res

    # I know that it could be calculated without using any external APIs
    # but those existing python packages that are already implemented
    # could not be easily installed into OpenELEC because of broken dependency install
    # system. And I'm too lazy to implement this maths on my own :) 

def setUp(self):
        fp = openfile('PyBanner048.gif')
        try:
            data = fp.read()
        finally:
            fp.close()

        container = MIMEBase('multipart', 'mixed', boundary='BOUNDARY')
        image = MIMEImage(data, name='dingusfish.gif')
        image.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
                         filename='dingusfish.gif')
        intro = MIMEText('''\
Hi there,

This is the dingus fish.
''')
        container.attach(intro)
        container.attach(image)
        container['From'] = 'Barry <[email protected]>'
        container['To'] = 'Dingus Lovers <[email protected]>'
        container['Subject'] = 'Here is your dingus fish'

        now = 987809702.54848599
        timetuple = time.localtime(now)
        if timetuple[-1] == 0:
            tzsecs = time.timezone
        else:
            tzsecs = time.altzone
        if tzsecs > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        tzoffset = ' %s%04d' % (sign, tzsecs / 36)
        container['Date'] = time.strftime(
            '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
            time.localtime(now)) + tzoffset
        self._msg = container
        self._im = image
        self._txt = intro 

def setUp(self):
        fp = openfile('PyBanner048.gif')
        try:
            data = fp.read()
        finally:
            fp.close()

        container = MIMEBase('multipart', 'mixed', boundary='BOUNDARY')
        image = MIMEImage(data, name='dingusfish.gif')
        image.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
                         filename='dingusfish.gif')
        intro = MIMEText('''\
Hi there,

This is the dingus fish.
''')
        container.attach(intro)
        container.attach(image)
        container['From'] = 'Barry <[email protected]>'
        container['To'] = 'Dingus Lovers <[email protected]>'
        container['Subject'] = 'Here is your dingus fish'

        now = 987809702.54848599
        timetuple = time.localtime(now)
        if timetuple[-1] == 0:
            tzsecs = time.timezone
        else:
            tzsecs = time.altzone
        if tzsecs > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        tzoffset = ' %s%04d' % (sign, tzsecs / 36)
        container['Date'] = time.strftime(
            '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
            time.localtime(now)) + tzoffset
        self._msg = container
        self._im = image
        self._txt = intro 

def Internaldate2tuple(resp):
    """Parse an IMAP4 INTERNALDATE string.

    Return corresponding local time.  The return value is a
    time.struct_time tuple or None if the string has wrong format.
    """

    mo = InternalDate.match(resp)
    if not mo:
        return None

    mon = Mon2num[mo.group('mon')]
    zonen = mo.group('zonen')

    day = int(mo.group('day'))
    year = int(mo.group('year'))
    hour = int(mo.group('hour'))
    min = int(mo.group('min'))
    sec = int(mo.group('sec'))
    zoneh = int(mo.group('zoneh'))
    zonem = int(mo.group('zonem'))

    # INTERNALDATE timezone must be subtracted to get UT

    zone = (zoneh*60 + zonem)*60
    if zonen == b'-':
        zone = -zone

    tt = (year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, -1, -1, -1)
    utc = calendar.timegm(tt) - zone

    return time.localtime(utc) 

def Time2Internaldate(date_time):

    """Convert date_time to IMAP4 INTERNALDATE representation.

    Return string in form: '"DD-Mmm-YYYY HH:MM:SS +HHMM"'.  The
    date_time argument can be a number (int or float) representing
    seconds since epoch (as returned by time.time()), a 9-tuple
    representing local time, an instance of time.struct_time (as
    returned by time.localtime()), an aware datetime instance or a
    double-quoted string.  In the last case, it is assumed to already
    be in the correct format.
    """
    if isinstance(date_time, (int, float)):
        dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(date_time,
                                    timezone.utc).astimezone()
    elif isinstance(date_time, tuple):
        try:
            gmtoff = date_time.tm_gmtoff
        except AttributeError:
            if time.daylight:
                dst = date_time[8]
                if dst == -1:
                    dst = time.localtime(time.mktime(date_time))[8]
                gmtoff = -(time.timezone, time.altzone)[dst]
            else:
                gmtoff = -time.timezone
        delta = timedelta(seconds=gmtoff)
        dt = datetime(*date_time[:6], tzinfo=timezone(delta))
    elif isinstance(date_time, datetime):
        if date_time.tzinfo is None:
            raise ValueError("date_time must be aware")
        dt = date_time
    elif isinstance(date_time, str) and (date_time[0],date_time[-1]) == ('"','"'):
        return date_time        # Assume in correct format
    else:
        raise ValueError("date_time not of a known type")
    fmt = '"%d-{}-%Y %H:%M:%S %z"'.format(Months[dt.month])
    return dt.strftime(fmt) 

def formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=False):
    """Returns a date string as specified by RFC 2822, e.g.:

    Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000

    Optional timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
    gmtime() and localtime(), otherwise the current time is used.

    Optional localtime is a flag that when True, interprets timeval, and
    returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly
    taking daylight savings time into account.

    Optional argument usegmt means that the timezone is written out as
    an ascii string, not numeric one (so "GMT" instead of "+0000"). This
    is needed for HTTP, and is only used when localtime==False.
    """
    # Note: we cannot use strftime() because that honors the locale and RFC
    # 2822 requires that day and month names be the English abbreviations.
    if timeval is None:
        timeval = time.time()
    if localtime or usegmt:
        dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timeval, datetime.timezone.utc)
    else:
        dt = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timeval)
    if localtime:
        dt = dt.astimezone()
        usegmt = False
    return format_datetime(dt, usegmt) 

def parsedate_to_datetime(data):
    *dtuple, tz = _parsedate_tz(data)
    if tz is None:
        return datetime.datetime(*dtuple[:6])
    return datetime.datetime(*dtuple[:6],
            tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(seconds=tz))) 

def setUp(self):
        with openfile('PyBanner048.gif', 'rb') as fp:
            data = fp.read()
        container = MIMEBase('multipart', 'mixed', boundary='BOUNDARY')
        image = MIMEImage(data, name='dingusfish.gif')
        image.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment',
                         filename='dingusfish.gif')
        intro = MIMEText('''\
Hi there,

This is the dingus fish.
''')
        container.attach(intro)
        container.attach(image)
        container['From'] = 'Barry <[email protected]>'
        container['To'] = 'Dingus Lovers <[email protected]>'
        container['Subject'] = 'Here is your dingus fish'

        now = 987809702.54848599
        timetuple = time.localtime(now)
        if timetuple[-1] == 0:
            tzsecs = time.timezone
        else:
            tzsecs = time.altzone
        if tzsecs > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        tzoffset = ' %s%04d' % (sign, tzsecs / 36)
        container['Date'] = time.strftime(
            '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
            time.localtime(now)) + tzoffset
        self._msg = container
        self._im = image
        self._txt = intro 

def test_data_attributes(self):
        time.altzone
        time.daylight
        time.timezone
        time.tzname 

def test_localtime_timezone(self):

        # Get the localtime and examine it for the offset and zone.
        lt = time.localtime()
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(lt, "tm_gmtoff"))
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(lt, "tm_zone"))

        # See if the offset and zone are similar to the module
        # attributes.
        if lt.tm_gmtoff is None:
            self.assertTrue(not hasattr(time, "timezone"))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(lt.tm_gmtoff, -[time.timezone, time.altzone][lt.tm_isdst])
        if lt.tm_zone is None:
            self.assertTrue(not hasattr(time, "tzname"))
        else:
            self.assertEqual(lt.tm_zone, time.tzname[lt.tm_isdst])

        # Try and make UNIX times from the localtime and a 9-tuple
        # created from the localtime. Test to see that the times are
        # the same.
        t = time.mktime(lt); t9 = time.mktime(lt[:9])
        self.assertEqual(t, t9)

        # Make localtimes from the UNIX times and compare them to
        # the original localtime, thus making a round trip.
        new_lt = time.localtime(t); new_lt9 = time.localtime(t9)
        self.assertEqual(new_lt, lt)
        self.assertEqual(new_lt.tm_gmtoff, lt.tm_gmtoff)
        self.assertEqual(new_lt.tm_zone, lt.tm_zone)
        self.assertEqual(new_lt9, lt)
        self.assertEqual(new_lt.tm_gmtoff, lt.tm_gmtoff)
        self.assertEqual(new_lt9.tm_zone, lt.tm_zone) 

def Internaldate2tuple(resp):
    """Parse an IMAP4 INTERNALDATE string.

    Return corresponding local time.  The return value is a
    time.struct_time instance or None if the string has wrong format.
    """

    mo = InternalDate.match(resp)
    if not mo:
        return None

    mon = Mon2num[mo.group('mon')]
    zonen = mo.group('zonen')

    day = int(mo.group('day'))
    year = int(mo.group('year'))
    hour = int(mo.group('hour'))
    min = int(mo.group('min'))
    sec = int(mo.group('sec'))
    zoneh = int(mo.group('zoneh'))
    zonem = int(mo.group('zonem'))

    # INTERNALDATE timezone must be subtracted to get UT

    zone = (zoneh*60 + zonem)*60
    if zonen == '-':
        zone = -zone

    tt = (year, mon, day, hour, min, sec, -1, -1, -1)

    utc = time.mktime(tt)

    # Following is necessary because the time module has no 'mkgmtime'.
    # 'mktime' assumes arg in local timezone, so adds timezone/altzone.

    lt = time.localtime(utc)
    if time.daylight and lt[-1]:
        zone = zone + time.altzone
    else:
        zone = zone + time.timezone

    return time.localtime(utc - zone) 

def formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=False):
    """Returns a date string as specified by RFC 2822, e.g.:

    Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000

    Optional timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
    gmtime() and localtime(), otherwise the current time is used.

    Optional localtime is a flag that when True, interprets timeval, and
    returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly
    taking daylight savings time into account.

    Optional argument usegmt means that the timezone is written out as
    an ascii string, not numeric one (so "GMT" instead of "+0000"). This
    is needed for HTTP, and is only used when localtime==False.
    """
    # Note: we cannot use strftime() because that honors the locale and RFC
    # 2822 requires that day and month names be the English abbreviations.
    if timeval is None:
        timeval = time.time()
    if localtime:
        now = time.localtime(timeval)
        # Calculate timezone offset, based on whether the local zone has
        # daylight savings time, and whether DST is in effect.
        if time.daylight and now[-1]:
            offset = time.altzone
        else:
            offset = time.timezone
        hours, minutes = divmod(abs(offset), 3600)
        # Remember offset is in seconds west of UTC, but the timezone is in
        # minutes east of UTC, so the signs differ.
        if offset > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        zone = '%s%02d%02d' % (sign, hours, minutes // 60)
    else:
        now = time.gmtime(timeval)
        # Timezone offset is always -0000
        if usegmt:
            zone = 'GMT'
        else:
            zone = '-0000'
    return '%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d %s' % (
        ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'][now[6]],
        now[2],
        ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
         'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'][now[1] - 1],
        now[0], now[3], now[4], now[5],
        zone) 

def astimezone(self, tz=None):
        if tz is None:
            if self.tzinfo is None:
                raise ValueError("astimezone() requires an aware datetime")
            ts = (self - _EPOCH) // timedelta(seconds=1)
            localtm = _time.localtime(ts)
            local = datetime(*localtm[:6])
            try:
                # Extract TZ data if available
                gmtoff = localtm.tm_gmtoff
                zone = localtm.tm_zone
            except AttributeError:
                # Compute UTC offset and compare with the value implied
                # by tm_isdst.  If the values match, use the zone name
                # implied by tm_isdst.
                delta = local - datetime(*_time.gmtime(ts)[:6])
                dst = _time.daylight and localtm.tm_isdst > 0
                gmtoff = -(_time.altzone if dst else _time.timezone)
                if delta == timedelta(seconds=gmtoff):
                    tz = timezone(delta, _time.tzname[dst])
                else:
                    tz = timezone(delta)
            else:
                tz = timezone(timedelta(seconds=gmtoff), zone)

        elif not isinstance(tz, tzinfo):
            raise TypeError("tz argument must be an instance of tzinfo")

        mytz = self.tzinfo
        if mytz is None:
            raise ValueError("astimezone() requires an aware datetime")

        if tz is mytz:
            return self

        # Convert self to UTC, and attach the new time zone object.
        myoffset = self.utcoffset()
        if myoffset is None:
            raise ValueError("astimezone() requires an aware datetime")
        utc = (self - myoffset).replace(tzinfo=tz)

        # Convert from UTC to tz's local time.
        return tz.fromutc(utc)

    # Ways to produce a string. 

def formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=False):
    """Returns a date string as specified by RFC 2822, e.g.:

    Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000

    Optional timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
    gmtime() and localtime(), otherwise the current time is used.

    Optional localtime is a flag that when True, interprets timeval, and
    returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly
    taking daylight savings time into account.

    Optional argument usegmt means that the timezone is written out as
    an ascii string, not numeric one (so "GMT" instead of "+0000"). This
    is needed for HTTP, and is only used when localtime==False.
    """
    # Note: we cannot use strftime() because that honors the locale and RFC
    # 2822 requires that day and month names be the English abbreviations.
    if timeval is None:
        timeval = time.time()
    if localtime:
        now = time.localtime(timeval)
        # Calculate timezone offset, based on whether the local zone has
        # daylight savings time, and whether DST is in effect.
        if time.daylight and now[-1]:
            offset = time.altzone
        else:
            offset = time.timezone
        hours, minutes = divmod(abs(offset), 3600)
        # Remember offset is in seconds west of UTC, but the timezone is in
        # minutes east of UTC, so the signs differ.
        if offset > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        zone = '%s%02d%02d' % (sign, hours, minutes // 60)
    else:
        now = time.gmtime(timeval)
        # Timezone offset is always -0000
        if usegmt:
            zone = 'GMT'
        else:
            zone = '-0000'
    return _format_timetuple_and_zone(now, zone) 

def formatdate(timeval=None, localtime=False, usegmt=False):
    """Returns a date string as specified by RFC 2822, e.g.:

    Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000

    Optional timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by
    gmtime() and localtime(), otherwise the current time is used.

    Optional localtime is a flag that when True, interprets timeval, and
    returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly
    taking daylight savings time into account.

    Optional argument usegmt means that the timezone is written out as
    an ascii string, not numeric one (so "GMT" instead of "+0000"). This
    is needed for HTTP, and is only used when localtime==False.
    """
    # Note: we cannot use strftime() because that honors the locale and RFC
    # 2822 requires that day and month names be the English abbreviations.
    if timeval is None:
        timeval = time.time()
    if localtime:
        now = time.localtime(timeval)
        # Calculate timezone offset, based on whether the local zone has
        # daylight savings time, and whether DST is in effect.
        if time.daylight and now[-1]:
            offset = time.altzone
        else:
            offset = time.timezone
        hours, minutes = divmod(abs(offset), 3600)
        # Remember offset is in seconds west of UTC, but the timezone is in
        # minutes east of UTC, so the signs differ.
        if offset > 0:
            sign = '-'
        else:
            sign = '+'
        zone = '%s%02d%02d' % (sign, hours, minutes // 60)
    else:
        now = time.gmtime(timeval)
        # Timezone offset is always -0000
        if usegmt:
            zone = 'GMT'
        else:
            zone = '-0000'
    return '%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d %s' % (
        ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'][now[6]],
        now[2],
        ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun',
         'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'][now[1] - 1],
        now[0], now[3], now[4], now[5],
        zone)