Python ctypes.cdll() Examples

def load_library(self, libname):
        try:
            result = LibraryLoader.load_library(self, libname)
        except ImportError:
            result = None
            if os.path.sep not in libname:
                for name in self.name_formats:
                    try:
                        result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, name % libname)
                        if result:
                            break
                    except WindowsError:
                        result = None
            if result is None:
                try:
                    result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, libname)
                except WindowsError:
                    result = None
            if result is None:
                raise ImportError("%s not found." % libname)
        return result 

def _copyCygwin(text):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.cdll
    try:  # Python 2
        if not isinstance(text, unicode):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    except NameError:
        if not isinstance(text, str):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def _copyWindows(text):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.windll # cdll expects 4 more bytes in user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    try:  # Python 2
        if not isinstance(text, unicode):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    except NameError:
        if not isinstance(text, str):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def statx(fileno, path, flags, mask):
    global _libc_statx
    if not _libc_statx:
        _libc_statx = ctypes.cdll[ctypes.util.find_library("c")]["statx"]

    buf = struct_statx()
    r = _libc_statx(ctypes.c_int(fileno),
                    ctypes.c_char_p(path.encode()),
                    ctypes.c_int(flags),
                    ctypes.c_uint(mask),
                    ctypes.byref(buf))

    e = ctypes.get_errno()
    # TODO: how do I make errno actually work and be non-zero
    if r == 0:
        return buf
    else:
        raise OSError(e, "statx failed for %r" % path) 

def _copy_windows(text, clear=0):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.windll  # cdll expects 4 more bytes in user32.OpenClipboard(0)
    if not isinstance(text, unicode):
        text = text.decode('mbcs')

    d.user32.OpenClipboard(0 if is_python2() else None)

    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def on_parent_exit(signame):
    """
    Return a function to be run in a child process which will trigger
    SIGNAME to be sent when the parent process dies
    """
    # On Windows, signal() can only be called with SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL, SIGINT, SIGSEGV, or SIGTERM.
    signum = getattr(signal, signame)  # SIGTERM 15  SIGKILL 9

    def set_parent_exit_signal():
        # Constant taken from http://linux.die.net/include/linux/prctl.h
        PR_SET_PDEATHSIG = 1
        # http://linux.die.net/man/2/prctl
        result = cdll['libc.so.6'].prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, signum)
        if result != 0:
            raise PrCtlError('prctl failed with error code %s' % result)

    return set_parent_exit_signal


# https://stackoverflow.com/a/19448255/10517783 

def _copyCygwin(text):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.cdll
    try:  # Python 2
        if not isinstance(text, unicode):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    except NameError:
        if not isinstance(text, str):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def _copyWindows(text):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.windll # cdll expects 4 more bytes in user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    try:  # Python 2
        if not isinstance(text, unicode):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    except NameError:
        if not isinstance(text, str):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def load_library(self, libname):
        try:
            result = LibraryLoader.load_library(self, libname)
        except ImportError:
            result = None
            if os.path.sep not in libname:
                for name in self.name_formats:
                    try:
                        result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, name % libname)
                        if result:
                            break
                    except WindowsError:
                        result = None
            if result is None:
                try:
                    result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, libname)
                except WindowsError:
                    result = None
            if result is None:
                raise ImportError("%s not found." % libname)
        return result 

def load_library(self, libname):
        try:
            result = LibraryLoader.load_library(self, libname)
        except ImportError:
            result = None
            if os.path.sep not in libname:
                for name in self.name_formats:
                    try:
                        result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, name % libname)
                        if result:
                            break
                    except WindowsError:
                        result = None
            if result is None:
                try:
                    result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, libname)
                except WindowsError:
                    result = None
            if result is None:
                raise ImportError("%s not found." % libname)
        return result 

def load_library(self, libname):
        try:
            result = LibraryLoader.load_library(self, libname)
        except ImportError:
            result = None
            if os.path.sep not in libname:
                for name in self.name_formats:
                    try:
                        result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, name % libname)
                        if result:
                            break
                    except WindowsError:
                        result = None
            if result is None:
                try:
                    result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, libname)
                except WindowsError:
                    result = None
            if result is None:
                raise ImportError("%s not found." % libname)
        return result 

def _copyCygwin(text):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.cdll
    try:  # Python 2
        if not isinstance(text, unicode):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    except NameError:
        if not isinstance(text, str):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def _copyWindows(text):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.windll # cdll expects 4 more bytes in user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    try:  # Python 2
        if not isinstance(text, unicode):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    except NameError:
        if not isinstance(text, str):
            text = text.decode('mbcs')
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def load_library(self, libname):
        try:
            result = LibraryLoader.load_library(self, libname)
        except ImportError:
            result = None
            if os.path.sep not in libname:
                for name in self.name_formats:
                    try:
                        result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, name % libname)
                        if result:
                            break
                    except WindowsError:
                        result = None
            if result is None:
                try:
                    result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, libname)
                except WindowsError:
                    result = None
            if result is None:
                raise ImportError("%s not found." % libname)
        return result 

def load_library(self, libname):
        try:
            result = LibraryLoader.load_library(self, libname)
        except ImportError:
            result = None
            if os.path.sep not in libname:
                for name in self.name_formats:
                    try:
                        result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, name % libname)
                        if result:
                            break
                    except WindowsError:
                        result = None
            if result is None:
                try:
                    result = getattr(ctypes.cdll, libname)
                except WindowsError:
                    result = None
            if result is None:
                raise ImportError("%s not found." % libname)
        return result 

def on_parent_exit(signame):
    """
    Return a function to be run in a child process which will trigger SIGNAME
    to be sent when the parent process dies
    """
    signum = getattr(signal, signame)
    def set_parent_exit_signal():
        # http://linux.die.net/man/2/prctl
        result = cdll['libc.so.6'].prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, signum)
        if result != 0:
            raise PrCtlError('prctl failed with error code %s' % result)
    return set_parent_exit_signal 

def _pasteCygwin():
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.cdll
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    handle = d.user32.GetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT)
    data = ctypes.c_wchar_p(handle).value
    d.user32.CloseClipboard()
    return data 

def load(self,path):
        """Given a path to a library, load it."""
        try:
            # Darwin requires dlopen to be called with mode RTLD_GLOBAL instead
            # of the default RTLD_LOCAL.  Without this, you end up with
            # libraries not being loadable, resulting in "Symbol not found"
            # errors
            if sys.platform == 'darwin':
                return ctypes.CDLL(path, ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
            else:
                return ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(path)
        except OSError,e:
            raise ImportError(e) 

def load_library(libname, loader_path):
        if ctypes.__version__ < '1.0.1':
            import warnings
            warnings.warn("All features of ctypes interface may not work " \
                          "with ctypes < 1.0.1")

        ext = os.path.splitext(libname)[1]
        if not ext:
            # Try to load library with platform-specific name, otherwise
            # default to libname.[so|pyd].  Sometimes, these files are built
            # erroneously on non-linux platforms.
            from numpy.distutils.misc_util import get_shared_lib_extension
            so_ext = get_shared_lib_extension()
            libname_ext = [libname + so_ext]
            # mac, windows and linux >= py3.2 shared library and loadable
            # module have different extensions so try both
            so_ext2 = get_shared_lib_extension(is_python_ext=True)
            if not so_ext2 == so_ext:
                libname_ext.insert(0, libname + so_ext2)
        else:
            libname_ext = [libname]

        loader_path = os.path.abspath(loader_path)
        if not os.path.isdir(loader_path):
            libdir = os.path.dirname(loader_path)
        else:
            libdir = loader_path

        for ln in libname_ext:
            libpath = os.path.join(libdir, ln)
            if os.path.exists(libpath):
                try:
                    return ctypes.cdll[libpath]
                except OSError:
                    ## defective lib file
                    raise
        ## if no successful return in the libname_ext loop:
        raise OSError("no file with expected extension") 

def get_ida_dll(app_name=None):
        if app_name is None:
            app_path = QCoreApplication.applicationFilePath()
            app_name = QFileInfo(app_path).fileName()
        idaname = "ida64" if "64" in app_name else "ida"
        if sys.platform == "win32":
            dllname, dlltype = idaname + ".dll", ctypes.windll
        elif sys.platform in ["linux", "linux2"]:
            dllname, dlltype = "lib" + idaname + ".so", ctypes.cdll
        elif sys.platform == "darwin":
            dllname, dlltype = "lib" + idaname + ".dylib", ctypes.cdll
        dllpath = ida_diskio.idadir(None)
        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(dllpath, dllname)):
            dllpath = dllpath.replace("ida64", "ida")
        return dlltype[os.path.join(dllpath, dllname)] 

def on_parent_exit(signame):
    """
    Return a function to be run in a child process which will trigger SIGNAME to be sent when the
    parent process dies.

    Based on https://gist.github.com/evansd/2346614
    """
    def noop():
        pass

    try:
        libc = cdll['libc.so.6']
    except OSError:
        # libc, can't be found (e.g. running on non-Unix system), we cant ensure signal will be
        # triggered
        return noop

    try:
        prctl = libc.prctl
    except AttributeError:
        # Function not available
        return noop

    signum = getattr(signal, signame)

    def set_parent_exit_signal():
        # http://linux.die.net/man/2/prctl
        result = prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, signum)
        if result != 0:
            raise Exception('prctl failed with error code %s' % result)
    return set_parent_exit_signal 

def on_parent_exit(signame):
    signum = getattr(signal, signame)
    def set_parent_exit_signal():
        ret = cdll['libc.so.6'].prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, signum)
        if ret != 0:
            raise PrCtlError('prctl failed with error code %s' % result)

    return set_parent_exit_signal 

def _copy_cygwin(text, clear=0):
    GMEM_DDESHARE = 0x2000
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.cdll
    if not isinstance(text, unicode):
        text = text.decode('mbcs')
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(0)
    d.user32.EmptyClipboard()
    hCd = d.kernel32.GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE,
                                 len(text.encode('utf-16-le')) + 2)
    pchData = d.kernel32.GlobalLock(hCd)
    ctypes.cdll.msvcrt.wcscpy(ctypes.c_wchar_p(pchData), text)
    d.kernel32.GlobalUnlock(hCd)
    d.user32.SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, hCd)
    d.user32.CloseClipboard() 

def _ida_lib():
    ea_name = 'ida64' if current_ea == 64 else 'ida'
    if current_os == 'win':
        functype = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE
        lib = getattr(ctypes.windll, ea_name)
    elif current_os == 'mac':
        functype = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE
        lib = ctypes.CDLL(_ida_lib_path(current_ea))
    elif current_os == 'linux':
        functype = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE
        lib = getattr(ctypes.cdll, 'lib' + ea_name)
    else:
        raise _os_error()
    return functype, lib 

def __init__(self, path):
        self.cdll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(path)
        self.windll = ctypes.windll.LoadLibrary(path) 

def _get_libc_fn(fname, argtypes, restype):
    soname = ctypes.util.find_library("c")
    func = ctypes.cdll[soname][fname]
    func.argtypes = argtypes
    func.restype = restype
    return func 

def _get_libc_fn(fname, argtypes, restype):
    soname = ctypes.util.find_library("c")
    func = ctypes.cdll[soname][fname]
    func.argtypes = argtypes
    func.restype = restype
    return func 

def __getattr__(self, name):
        try: return getattr(self.cdll,name)
        except AttributeError:
            try: return getattr(self.windll,name)
            except AttributeError:
                raise 

def _pasteCygwin():
    CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
    d = ctypes.cdll
    d.user32.OpenClipboard(None)
    handle = d.user32.GetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT)
    data = ctypes.c_wchar_p(handle).value
    d.user32.CloseClipboard()
    return data 

def __init__(self, path):
        self.cdll = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(path)
        self.windll = ctypes.windll.LoadLibrary(path)