Python cherrypy.server() Examples

def start(self):
        """Start the SCGI server."""
        # We have to instantiate the server class here because its __init__
        # starts a threadpool. If we do it too early, daemonize won't work.
        from flup.server.scgi import WSGIServer
        self.scgiserver = WSGIServer(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
        # TODO: report this bug upstream to flup.
        # If we don't set _oldSIGs on Windows, we get:
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 108, in run
        #     self._restoreSignalHandlers()
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 156, in _restoreSignalHandlers
        #     for signum,handler in self._oldSIGs:
        #   AttributeError: 'WSGIServer' object has no attribute '_oldSIGs'
        self.scgiserver._installSignalHandlers = lambda: None
        self.scgiserver._oldSIGs = []
        self.ready = True
        self.scgiserver.run() 

def start(self):
        """Start the FCGI server."""
        # We have to instantiate the server class here because its __init__
        # starts a threadpool. If we do it too early, daemonize won't work.
        from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer
        self.fcgiserver = WSGIServer(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
        # TODO: report this bug upstream to flup.
        # If we don't set _oldSIGs on Windows, we get:
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 108, in run
        #     self._restoreSignalHandlers()
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 156, in _restoreSignalHandlers
        #     for signum,handler in self._oldSIGs:
        #   AttributeError: 'WSGIServer' object has no attribute '_oldSIGs'
        self.fcgiserver._installSignalHandlers = lambda: None
        self.fcgiserver._oldSIGs = []
        self.ready = True
        self.fcgiserver.run() 

def testStatus(self):
        self.getPage('/status/')
        self.assertBody('normal')
        self.assertStatus(200)

        self.getPage('/status/blank')
        self.assertBody('')
        self.assertStatus(200)

        self.getPage('/status/illegal')
        self.assertStatus(500)
        msg = 'Illegal response status from server (781 is out of range).'
        self.assertErrorPage(500, msg)

        if not getattr(cherrypy.server, 'using_apache', False):
            self.getPage('/status/unknown')
            self.assertBody('funky')
            self.assertStatus(431)

        self.getPage('/status/bad')
        self.assertStatus(500)
        msg = "Illegal response status from server ('error' is non-numeric)."
        self.assertErrorPage(500, msg) 

def testLastModified(self):
        self.getPage('/a.gif')
        self.assertStatus(200)
        self.assertBody(gif_bytes)
        lm1 = self.assertHeader('Last-Modified')

        # this request should get the cached copy.
        self.getPage('/a.gif')
        self.assertStatus(200)
        self.assertBody(gif_bytes)
        self.assertHeader('Age')
        lm2 = self.assertHeader('Last-Modified')
        self.assertEqual(lm1, lm2)

        # this request should match the cached copy, but raise 304.
        self.getPage('/a.gif', [('If-Modified-Since', lm1)])
        self.assertStatus(304)
        self.assertNoHeader('Last-Modified')
        if not getattr(cherrypy.server, 'using_apache', False):
            self.assertHeader('Age') 

def _start_http_thread(self):
        """HTTP servers MUST be running in new threads, so that the
        main thread persists to receive KeyboardInterrupt's. If an
        exception is raised in the httpserver's thread then it's
        trapped here, and the bus (and therefore our httpserver)
        are shut down.
        """
        try:
            self.httpserver.start()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            self.bus.log('<Ctrl-C> hit: shutting down HTTP server')
            self.interrupt = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.bus.exit()
        except SystemExit:
            self.bus.log('SystemExit raised: shutting down HTTP server')
            self.interrupt = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.bus.exit()
            raise
        except Exception:
            self.interrupt = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.bus.log('Error in HTTP server: shutting down',
                         traceback=True, level=40)
            self.bus.exit()
            raise 

def _populate_known_types(self):
        b = [x for x in vars(builtins).values()
             if type(x) is type(str)]

        def traverse(obj, namespace):
            for name in dir(obj):
                # Hack for 3.2's warning about body_params
                if name == 'body_params':
                    continue
                vtype = type(getattr(obj, name, None))
                if vtype in b:
                    self.known_config_types[namespace + '.' + name] = vtype

        traverse(cherrypy.request, 'request')
        traverse(cherrypy.response, 'response')
        traverse(cherrypy.server, 'server')
        traverse(cherrypy.engine, 'engine')
        traverse(cherrypy.log, 'log') 

def wait(self):
        """Wait until the HTTP server is ready to receive requests."""
        while not getattr(self.httpserver, 'ready', False):
            if self.interrupt:
                raise self.interrupt
            time.sleep(.1)

        # bypass check when LISTEN_PID is set
        if os.environ.get('LISTEN_PID', None):
            return

        # bypass check when running via socket-activation
        # (for socket-activation the port will be managed by systemd)
        if not isinstance(self.bind_addr, tuple):
            return

        # wait for port to be occupied
        with _safe_wait(*self.bound_addr):
            portend.occupied(*self.bound_addr, timeout=Timeouts.occupied) 

def start(self):
        """Start the SCGI server."""
        # We have to instantiate the server class here because its __init__
        # starts a threadpool. If we do it too early, daemonize won't work.
        from flup.server.scgi import WSGIServer
        self.scgiserver = WSGIServer(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
        # TODO: report this bug upstream to flup.
        # If we don't set _oldSIGs on Windows, we get:
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 108, in run
        #     self._restoreSignalHandlers()
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 156, in _restoreSignalHandlers
        #     for signum,handler in self._oldSIGs:
        #   AttributeError: 'WSGIServer' object has no attribute '_oldSIGs'
        self.scgiserver._installSignalHandlers = lambda: None
        self.scgiserver._oldSIGs = []
        self.ready = True
        self.scgiserver.run() 

def check_site_config_entries_in_app_config(self):
        """Check for mounted Applications that have site-scoped config."""
        for sn, app in cherrypy.tree.apps.items():
            if not isinstance(app, cherrypy.Application):
                continue

            msg = []
            for section, entries in app.config.items():
                if section.startswith('/'):
                    for key, value in entries.items():
                        for n in ('engine.', 'server.', 'tree.', 'checker.'):
                            if key.startswith(n):
                                msg.append('[%s] %s = %s' %
                                           (section, key, value))
            if msg:
                msg.insert(0,
                           'The application mounted at %r contains the '
                           'following config entries, which are only allowed '
                           'in site-wide config. Move them to a [global] '
                           'section and pass them to cherrypy.config.update() '
                           'instead of tree.mount().' % sn)
                warnings.warn(os.linesep.join(msg)) 

def wait_for_occupied_port(host, port, timeout=None):
    """Wait for the specified port to become active (receive requests)."""
    if not host:
        raise ValueError("Host values of '' or None are not allowed.")
    if timeout is None:
        timeout = occupied_port_timeout

    for trial in range(50):
        try:
            check_port(host, port, timeout=timeout)
        except IOError:
            # port is occupied
            return
        else:
            time.sleep(timeout)

    if host == client_host(host):
        raise IOError('Port %r not bound on %r' % (port, host))

    # On systems where a loopback interface is not available and the
    #  server is bound to all interfaces, it's difficult to determine
    #  whether the server is in fact occupying the port. In this case,
    # just issue a warning and move on. See issue #1100.
    msg = 'Unable to verify that the server is bound on %r' % port
    warnings.warn(msg) 

def testLastModified(self):
        self.getPage('/a.gif')
        self.assertStatus(200)
        self.assertBody(gif_bytes)
        lm1 = self.assertHeader('Last-Modified')

        # this request should get the cached copy.
        self.getPage('/a.gif')
        self.assertStatus(200)
        self.assertBody(gif_bytes)
        self.assertHeader('Age')
        lm2 = self.assertHeader('Last-Modified')
        self.assertEqual(lm1, lm2)

        # this request should match the cached copy, but raise 304.
        self.getPage('/a.gif', [('If-Modified-Since', lm1)])
        self.assertStatus(304)
        self.assertNoHeader('Last-Modified')
        if not getattr(cherrypy.server, 'using_apache', False):
            self.assertHeader('Age') 

def start(self):
        """Start the SCGI server."""
        # We have to instantiate the server class here because its __init__
        # starts a threadpool. If we do it too early, daemonize won't work.
        from flup.server.scgi import WSGIServer
        self.scgiserver = WSGIServer(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
        # TODO: report this bug upstream to flup.
        # If we don't set _oldSIGs on Windows, we get:
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 108, in run
        #     self._restoreSignalHandlers()
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 156, in _restoreSignalHandlers
        #     for signum,handler in self._oldSIGs:
        #   AttributeError: 'WSGIServer' object has no attribute '_oldSIGs'
        self.scgiserver._installSignalHandlers = lambda: None
        self.scgiserver._oldSIGs = []
        self.ready = True
        self.scgiserver.run() 

def start(self):
        """Start the FCGI server."""
        # We have to instantiate the server class here because its __init__
        # starts a threadpool. If we do it too early, daemonize won't work.
        from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer
        self.fcgiserver = WSGIServer(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
        # TODO: report this bug upstream to flup.
        # If we don't set _oldSIGs on Windows, we get:
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 108, in run
        #     self._restoreSignalHandlers()
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 156, in _restoreSignalHandlers
        #     for signum,handler in self._oldSIGs:
        #   AttributeError: 'WSGIServer' object has no attribute '_oldSIGs'
        self.fcgiserver._installSignalHandlers = lambda: None
        self.fcgiserver._oldSIGs = []
        self.ready = True
        self.fcgiserver.run() 

def test_malformed_request_line(self):
        if getattr(cherrypy.server, 'using_apache', False):
            return self.skip('skipped due to known Apache differences...')

        # Test missing version in Request-Line
        c = self.make_connection()
        c._output(b'geT /')
        c._send_output()
        if hasattr(c, 'strict'):
            response = c.response_class(c.sock, strict=c.strict, method='GET')
        else:
            # Python 3.2 removed the 'strict' feature, saying:
            # "http.client now always assumes HTTP/1.x compliant servers."
            response = c.response_class(c.sock, method='GET')
        response.begin()
        self.assertEqual(response.status, 400)
        self.assertEqual(response.fp.read(22), b'Malformed Request-Line')
        c.close() 

def testStatus(self):
        self.getPage('/status/')
        self.assertBody('normal')
        self.assertStatus(200)

        self.getPage('/status/blank')
        self.assertBody('')
        self.assertStatus(200)

        self.getPage('/status/illegal')
        self.assertStatus(500)
        msg = 'Illegal response status from server (781 is out of range).'
        self.assertErrorPage(500, msg)

        if not getattr(cherrypy.server, 'using_apache', False):
            self.getPage('/status/unknown')
            self.assertBody('funky')
            self.assertStatus(431)

        self.getPage('/status/bad')
        self.assertStatus(500)
        msg = "Illegal response status from server ('error' is non-numeric)."
        self.assertErrorPage(500, msg) 

def start(self):
        """Start the FCGI server."""
        # We have to instantiate the server class here because its __init__
        # starts a threadpool. If we do it too early, daemonize won't work.
        from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer
        self.fcgiserver = WSGIServer(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
        # TODO: report this bug upstream to flup.
        # If we don't set _oldSIGs on Windows, we get:
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 108, in run
        #     self._restoreSignalHandlers()
        #   File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\flup\server\threadedserver.py",
        #   line 156, in _restoreSignalHandlers
        #     for signum,handler in self._oldSIGs:
        #   AttributeError: 'WSGIServer' object has no attribute '_oldSIGs'
        self.fcgiserver._installSignalHandlers = lambda: None
        self.fcgiserver._oldSIGs = []
        self.ready = True
        self.fcgiserver.run() 

def wait_for_free_port(host, port, timeout=None):
    """Wait for the specified port to become free (drop requests)."""
    if not host:
        raise ValueError("Host values of '' or None are not allowed.")
    if timeout is None:
        timeout = free_port_timeout

    for trial in range(50):
        try:
            # we are expecting a free port, so reduce the timeout
            check_port(host, port, timeout=timeout)
        except IOError:
            # Give the old server thread time to free the port.
            time.sleep(timeout)
        else:
            return

    raise IOError("Port %r not free on %r" % (port, host)) 

def _server_namespace_handler(k, v):
    """Config handler for the "server" namespace."""
    atoms = k.split(".", 1)
    if len(atoms) > 1:
        # Special-case config keys of the form 'server.servername.socket_port'
        # to configure additional HTTP servers.
        if not hasattr(cherrypy, "servers"):
            cherrypy.servers = {}

        servername, k = atoms
        if servername not in cherrypy.servers:
            from cherrypy import _cpserver
            cherrypy.servers[servername] = _cpserver.Server()
            # On by default, but 'on = False' can unsubscribe it (see below).
            cherrypy.servers[servername].subscribe()

        if k == 'on':
            if v:
                cherrypy.servers[servername].subscribe()
            else:
                cherrypy.servers[servername].unsubscribe()
        else:
            setattr(cherrypy.servers[servername], k, v)
    else:
        setattr(cherrypy.server, k, v) 

def check_site_config_entries_in_app_config(self):
        """Check for mounted Applications that have site-scoped config."""
        for sn, app in iteritems(cherrypy.tree.apps):
            if not isinstance(app, cherrypy.Application):
                continue

            msg = []
            for section, entries in iteritems(app.config):
                if section.startswith('/'):
                    for key, value in iteritems(entries):
                        for n in ('engine.', 'server.', 'tree.', 'checker.'):
                            if key.startswith(n):
                                msg.append('[%s] %s = %s' %
                                           (section, key, value))
            if msg:
                msg.insert(0,
                           'The application mounted at %r contains the '
                           'following config entries, which are only allowed '
                           'in site-wide config. Move them to a [global] '
                           'section and pass them to cherrypy.config.update() '
                           'instead of tree.mount().' % sn)
                warnings.warn(os.linesep.join(msg)) 

def _populate_known_types(self):
        b = [x for x in vars(builtins).values()
             if type(x) is type(str)]

        def traverse(obj, namespace):
            for name in dir(obj):
                # Hack for 3.2's warning about body_params
                if name == 'body_params':
                    continue
                vtype = type(getattr(obj, name, None))
                if vtype in b:
                    self.known_config_types[namespace + "." + name] = vtype

        traverse(cherrypy.request, "request")
        traverse(cherrypy.response, "response")
        traverse(cherrypy.server, "server")
        traverse(cherrypy.engine, "engine")
        traverse(cherrypy.log, "log") 

def check_site_config_entries_in_app_config(self):
        """Check for mounted Applications that have site-scoped config."""
        for sn, app in iteritems(cherrypy.tree.apps):
            if not isinstance(app, cherrypy.Application):
                continue

            msg = []
            for section, entries in iteritems(app.config):
                if section.startswith('/'):
                    for key, value in iteritems(entries):
                        for n in ("engine.", "server.", "tree.", "checker."):
                            if key.startswith(n):
                                msg.append("[%s] %s = %s" %
                                           (section, key, value))
            if msg:
                msg.insert(0,
                           "The application mounted at %r contains the "
                           "following config entries, which are only allowed "
                           "in site-wide config. Move them to a [global] "
                           "section and pass them to cherrypy.config.update() "
                           "instead of tree.mount()." % sn)
                warnings.warn(os.linesep.join(msg)) 

def _populate_known_types(self):
        b = [x for x in vars(builtins).values()
             if type(x) is type(str)]

        def traverse(obj, namespace):
            for name in dir(obj):
                # Hack for 3.2's warning about body_params
                if name == 'body_params':
                    continue
                vtype = type(getattr(obj, name, None))
                if vtype in b:
                    self.known_config_types[namespace + '.' + name] = vtype

        traverse(cherrypy.request, 'request')
        traverse(cherrypy.response, 'response')
        traverse(cherrypy.server, 'server')
        traverse(cherrypy.engine, 'engine')
        traverse(cherrypy.log, 'log') 

def start(self):
        """Start the HTTP server."""
        if self.running:
            self.bus.log('Already serving on %s' % self.description)
            return

        self.interrupt = None
        if not self.httpserver:
            raise ValueError('No HTTP server has been created.')

        if not os.environ.get('LISTEN_PID', None):
            # Start the httpserver in a new thread.
            if isinstance(self.bind_addr, tuple):
                wait_for_free_port(*self.bind_addr)

        import threading
        t = threading.Thread(target=self._start_http_thread)
        t.setName('HTTPServer ' + t.getName())
        t.start()

        self.wait()
        self.running = True
        self.bus.log('Serving on %s' % self.description) 

def _server_namespace_handler(k, v):
    """Config handler for the "server" namespace."""
    atoms = k.split('.', 1)
    if len(atoms) > 1:
        # Special-case config keys of the form 'server.servername.socket_port'
        # to configure additional HTTP servers.
        if not hasattr(cherrypy, 'servers'):
            cherrypy.servers = {}

        servername, k = atoms
        if servername not in cherrypy.servers:
            from cherrypy import _cpserver
            cherrypy.servers[servername] = _cpserver.Server()
            # On by default, but 'on = False' can unsubscribe it (see below).
            cherrypy.servers[servername].subscribe()

        if k == 'on':
            if v:
                cherrypy.servers[servername].subscribe()
            else:
                cherrypy.servers[servername].unsubscribe()
        else:
            setattr(cherrypy.servers[servername], k, v)
    else:
        setattr(cherrypy.server, k, v) 

def _start_http_thread(self):
        """HTTP servers MUST be running in new threads, so that the
        main thread persists to receive KeyboardInterrupt's. If an
        exception is raised in the httpserver's thread then it's
        trapped here, and the bus (and therefore our httpserver)
        are shut down.
        """
        try:
            self.httpserver.start()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            self.bus.log('<Ctrl-C> hit: shutting down HTTP server')
            self.interrupt = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.bus.exit()
        except SystemExit:
            self.bus.log('SystemExit raised: shutting down HTTP server')
            self.interrupt = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.bus.exit()
            raise
        except:
            self.interrupt = sys.exc_info()[1]
            self.bus.log('Error in HTTP server: shutting down',
                         traceback=True, level=40)
            self.bus.exit()
            raise 

def testUnrepr(self):
        self.getPage('/repr?key=neg')
        self.assertBody('-1234')

        self.getPage('/repr?key=filename')
        self.assertBody(repr(os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'hello.py')))

        self.getPage('/repr?key=thing1')
        self.assertBody(repr(cherrypy.lib.httputil.response_codes[404]))

        if not getattr(cherrypy.server, 'using_apache', False):
            # The object ID's won't match up when using Apache, since the
            # server and client are running in different processes.
            self.getPage('/repr?key=thing2')
            from cherrypy.tutorial import thing2
            self.assertBody(repr(thing2))

        self.getPage('/repr?key=complex')
        self.assertBody('(3+2j)')

        self.getPage('/repr?key=mul')
        self.assertBody('18')

        self.getPage('/repr?key=stradd')
        self.assertBody(repr('112233')) 

def test_encoded_headers(self):
        # First, make sure the innards work like expected.
        self.assertEqual(
            httputil.decode_TEXT(ntou('=?utf-8?q?f=C3=BCr?=')), ntou('f\xfcr'))

        if cherrypy.server.protocol_version == 'HTTP/1.1':
            # Test RFC-2047-encoded request and response header values
            u = ntou('\u212bngstr\xf6m', 'escape')
            c = ntou('=E2=84=ABngstr=C3=B6m')
            self.getPage('/headers/ifmatch',
                         [('If-Match', ntou('=?utf-8?q?%s?=') % c)])
            # The body should be utf-8 encoded.
            self.assertBody(ntob('\xe2\x84\xabngstr\xc3\xb6m'))
            # But the Etag header should be RFC-2047 encoded (binary)
            self.assertHeader('ETag', ntou('=?utf-8?b?4oSrbmdzdHLDtm0=?='))

            # Test a *LONG* RFC-2047-encoded request and response header value
            self.getPage('/headers/ifmatch',
                         [('If-Match', ntou('=?utf-8?q?%s?=') % (c * 10))])
            self.assertBody(ntob('\xe2\x84\xabngstr\xc3\xb6m') * 10)
            # Note: this is different output for Python3, but it decodes fine.
            etag = self.assertHeader(
                'ETag',
                '=?utf-8?b?4oSrbmdzdHLDtm3ihKtuZ3N0csO2beKEq25nc3Ryw7Zt'
                '4oSrbmdzdHLDtm3ihKtuZ3N0csO2beKEq25nc3Ryw7Zt'
                '4oSrbmdzdHLDtm3ihKtuZ3N0csO2beKEq25nc3Ryw7Zt'
                '4oSrbmdzdHLDtm0=?=')
            self.assertEqual(httputil.decode_TEXT(etag), u * 10) 

def testEndRequestOnDrop(self):
        old_timeout = None
        try:
            httpserver = cherrypy.server.httpserver
            old_timeout = httpserver.timeout
        except (AttributeError, IndexError):
            return self.skip()

        try:
            httpserver.timeout = timeout

            # Test that on_end_request is called even if the client drops.
            self.persistent = True
            try:
                conn = self.HTTP_CONN
                conn.putrequest('GET', '/demo/stream?id=9', skip_host=True)
                conn.putheader('Host', self.HOST)
                conn.endheaders()
                # Skip the rest of the request and close the conn. This will
                # cause the server's active socket to error, which *should*
                # result in the request being aborted, and request.close being
                # called all the way up the stack (including WSGI middleware),
                # eventually calling our on_end_request hook.
            finally:
                self.persistent = False
            time.sleep(timeout * 2)
            # Test that the on_end_request hook was called.
            self.getPage('/demo/ended/9')
            self.assertBody('True')
        finally:
            if old_timeout is not None:
                httpserver.timeout = old_timeout 

def start(self):
        """Start the HTTP server."""
        if not self.httpserver:
            self.httpserver, self.bind_addr = self.httpserver_from_self()
        ServerAdapter.start(self) 

def stop(self):
        """Stop the HTTP server."""
        self.ready = False
        # Forcibly stop the scgi server main event loop.
        self.scgiserver._keepGoing = False
        # Force all worker threads to die off.
        self.scgiserver._threadPool.maxSpare = 0