Python sys.version() Examples

def copy_results(datanames, result_dir, output_dir, verbose):
    ''' This function copies all the [dataname.predict] results from result_dir to output_dir'''
    for basename in datanames:
        try:
            test_files = ls(result_dir + "/" + basename + "*_test*.predict")
            if len(test_files)==0: 
                vprint(verbose, "[-] Missing 'test' result files for " + basename) 
                return 0
            for f in test_files: copy2(f, output_dir)
            valid_files = ls(result_dir + "/" + basename + "*_valid*.predict")
            if len(valid_files)==0: 
                vprint(verbose, "[-] Missing 'valid' result files for " + basename) 
                return 0
            for f in valid_files: copy2(f, output_dir)
            vprint( verbose,  "[+] " + basename.capitalize() + " copied")
        except:
            vprint(verbose, "[-] Missing result files")
            return 0
    return 1

# ================ Display directory structure and code version (for debug purposes) ================= 

def setcopyright():
    """Set 'copyright' and 'credits' in __builtin__"""
    builtins.copyright = _Printer("copyright", sys.copyright)
    if _is_jython:
        builtins.credits = _Printer(
            "credits",
            "Jython is maintained by the Jython developers (www.jython.org).")
    elif _is_pypy:
        builtins.credits = _Printer(
            "credits",
            "PyPy is maintained by the PyPy developers: http://pypy.org/")
    else:
        builtins.credits = _Printer("credits", """\
    Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corporation and a cast of thousands
    for supporting Python development.  See www.python.org for more information.""")
    here = os.path.dirname(os.__file__)
    builtins.license = _Printer(
        "license", "See http://www.python.org/%.3s/license.html" % sys.version,
        ["LICENSE.txt", "LICENSE"],
        [os.path.join(here, os.pardir), here, os.curdir]) 

def _make_script(self, entry, filenames, options=None):
        post_interp = b''
        if options:
            args = options.get('interpreter_args', [])
            if args:
                args = ' %s' % ' '.join(args)
                post_interp = args.encode('utf-8')
        shebang = self._get_shebang('utf-8', post_interp, options=options)
        script = self._get_script_text(entry).encode('utf-8')
        name = entry.name
        scriptnames = set()
        if '' in self.variants:
            scriptnames.add(name)
        if 'X' in self.variants:
            scriptnames.add('%s%s' % (name, sys.version[0]))
        if 'X.Y' in self.variants:
            scriptnames.add('%s-%s' % (name, sys.version[:3]))
        if options and options.get('gui', False):
            ext = 'pyw'
        else:
            ext = 'py'
        self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext) 

def metadata(self):
        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
            wheel_metadata = self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
            wv = wheel_metadata['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
            file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
            if file_version < (1, 1):
                fn = 'METADATA'
            else:
                fn = METADATA_FILENAME
            try:
                metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, fn)
                with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
                    wf = wrapper(bf)
                    result = Metadata(fileobj=wf)
            except KeyError:
                raise ValueError('Invalid wheel, because %s is '
                                 'missing' % fn)
        return result 

def get_build_platform():
    """Return this platform's string for platform-specific distributions

    XXX Currently this is the same as ``distutils.util.get_platform()``, but it
    needs some hacks for Linux and Mac OS X.
    """
    try:
        # Python 2.7 or >=3.2
        from sysconfig import get_platform
    except ImportError:
        from distutils.util import get_platform

    plat = get_platform()
    if sys.platform == "darwin" and not plat.startswith('macosx-'):
        try:
            version = _macosx_vers()
            machine = os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_")
            return "macosx-%d.%d-%s" % (int(version[0]), int(version[1]),
                _macosx_arch(machine))
        except ValueError:
            # if someone is running a non-Mac darwin system, this will fall
            # through to the default implementation
            pass
    return plat 

def best_match(self, req, working_set, installer=None):
        """Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set`

        This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a
        suitable distribution is already active.  (This may raise
        ``VersionConflict`` if an unsuitable version of the project is already
        active in the specified `working_set`.)  If a suitable distribution
        isn't active, this method returns the newest distribution in the
        environment that meets the ``Requirement`` in `req`.  If no suitable
        distribution is found, and `installer` is supplied, then the result of
        calling the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be
        returned.
        """
        dist = working_set.find(req)
        if dist is not None:
            return dist
        for dist in self[req.key]:
            if dist in req:
                return dist
        # try to download/install
        return self.obtain(req, installer) 

def _reload_version(self):
        """
        Packages installed by distutils (e.g. numpy or scipy),
        which uses an old safe_version, and so
        their version numbers can get mangled when
        converted to filenames (e.g., 1.11.0.dev0+2329eae to
        1.11.0.dev0_2329eae). These distributions will not be
        parsed properly
        downstream by Distribution and safe_version, so
        take an extra step and try to get the version number from
        the metadata file itself instead of the filename.
        """
        md_version = _version_from_file(self._get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO))
        if md_version:
            self._version = md_version
        return self 

def __init__(self, requirement_string):
        """DO NOT CALL THIS UNDOCUMENTED METHOD; use Requirement.parse()!"""
        try:
            super(Requirement, self).__init__(requirement_string)
        except packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement as e:
            raise RequirementParseError(str(e))
        self.unsafe_name = self.name
        project_name = safe_name(self.name)
        self.project_name, self.key = project_name, project_name.lower()
        self.specs = [
            (spec.operator, spec.version) for spec in self.specifier]
        self.extras = tuple(map(safe_extra, self.extras))
        self.hashCmp = (
            self.key,
            self.specifier,
            frozenset(self.extras),
            str(self.marker) if self.marker else None,
        )
        self.__hash = hash(self.hashCmp) 

def split_sections(s):
    """Split a string or iterable thereof into (section, content) pairs

    Each ``section`` is a stripped version of the section header ("[section]")
    and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and
    comment-only lines.  If there are any such lines before the first section
    header, they're returned in a first ``section`` of ``None``.
    """
    section = None
    content = []
    for line in yield_lines(s):
        if line.startswith("["):
            if line.endswith("]"):
                if section or content:
                    yield section, content
                section = line[1:-1].strip()
                content = []
            else:
                raise ValueError("Invalid section heading", line)
        else:
            content.append(line)

    # wrap up last segment
    yield section, content 

def wheel_version(source_dir):
    """
    Return the Wheel-Version of an extracted wheel, if possible.

    Otherwise, return False if we couldn't parse / extract it.
    """
    try:
        dist = [d for d in pkg_resources.find_on_path(None, source_dir)][0]

        wheel_data = dist.get_metadata('WHEEL')
        wheel_data = Parser().parsestr(wheel_data)

        version = wheel_data['Wheel-Version'].strip()
        version = tuple(map(int, version.split('.')))
        return version
    except:
        return False 

def __init__(self, filename):
        """
        :raises InvalidWheelFilename: when the filename is invalid for a wheel
        """
        wheel_info = self.wheel_file_re.match(filename)
        if not wheel_info:
            raise InvalidWheelFilename(
                "%s is not a valid wheel filename." % filename
            )
        self.filename = filename
        self.name = wheel_info.group('name').replace('_', '-')
        # we'll assume "_" means "-" due to wheel naming scheme
        # (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1150)
        self.version = wheel_info.group('ver').replace('_', '-')
        self.pyversions = wheel_info.group('pyver').split('.')
        self.abis = wheel_info.group('abi').split('.')
        self.plats = wheel_info.group('plat').split('.')

        # All the tag combinations from this file
        self.file_tags = set(
            (x, y, z) for x in self.pyversions
            for y in self.abis for z in self.plats
        ) 

def get_supported_platform():
    """Return this platform's maximum compatible version.

    distutils.util.get_platform() normally reports the minimum version
    of Mac OS X that would be required to *use* extensions produced by
    distutils.  But what we want when checking compatibility is to know the
    version of Mac OS X that we are *running*.  To allow usage of packages that
    explicitly require a newer version of Mac OS X, we must also know the
    current version of the OS.

    If this condition occurs for any other platform with a version in its
    platform strings, this function should be extended accordingly.
    """
    plat = get_build_platform()
    m = macosVersionString.match(plat)
    if m is not None and sys.platform == "darwin":
        try:
            plat = 'macosx-%s-%s' % ('.'.join(_macosx_vers()[:2]), m.group(3))
        except ValueError:
            # not Mac OS X
            pass
    return plat 

def __init__(self, search_path=None, platform=get_supported_platform(),
            python=PY_MAJOR):
        """Snapshot distributions available on a search path

        Any distributions found on `search_path` are added to the environment.
        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.

        `platform` is an optional string specifying the name of the platform
        that platform-specific distributions must be compatible with.  If
        unspecified, it defaults to the current platform.  `python` is an
        optional string naming the desired version of Python (e.g. ``'3.3'``);
        it defaults to the current version.

        You may explicitly set `platform` (and/or `python`) to ``None`` if you
        wish to map *all* distributions, not just those compatible with the
        running platform or Python version.
        """
        self._distmap = {}
        self.platform = platform
        self.python = python
        self.scan(search_path) 

def _by_version_descending(names):
    """
    Given a list of filenames, return them in descending order
    by version number.

    >>> names = 'bar', 'foo', 'Python-2.7.10.egg', 'Python-2.7.2.egg'
    >>> _by_version_descending(names)
    ['Python-2.7.10.egg', 'Python-2.7.2.egg', 'foo', 'bar']
    >>> names = 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3.egg'
    >>> _by_version_descending(names)
    ['Setuptools-1.2.3.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg']
    >>> names = 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3.post1.egg'
    >>> _by_version_descending(names)
    ['Setuptools-1.2.3.post1.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg']
    """
    def _by_version(name):
        """
        Parse each component of the filename
        """
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(name)
        parts = itertools.chain(name.split('-'), [ext])
        return [packaging.version.parse(part) for part in parts]

    return sorted(names, key=_by_version, reverse=True) 

def _warn_legacy_version(self):
        LV = packaging.version.LegacyVersion
        is_legacy = isinstance(self._parsed_version, LV)
        if not is_legacy:
            return

        # While an empty version is technically a legacy version and
        # is not a valid PEP 440 version, it's also unlikely to
        # actually come from someone and instead it is more likely that
        # it comes from setuptools attempting to parse a filename and
        # including it in the list. So for that we'll gate this warning
        # on if the version is anything at all or not.
        if not self.version:
            return

        tmpl = textwrap.dedent("""
            '{project_name} ({version})' is being parsed as a legacy,
            non PEP 440,
            version. You may find odd behavior and sort order.
            In particular it will be sorted as less than 0.0. It
            is recommended to migrate to PEP 440 compatible
            versions.
            """).strip().replace('\n', ' ')

        warnings.warn(tmpl.format(**vars(self)), PEP440Warning) 

def _reload_version(self):
        """
        Packages installed by distutils (e.g. numpy or scipy),
        which uses an old safe_version, and so
        their version numbers can get mangled when
        converted to filenames (e.g., 1.11.0.dev0+2329eae to
        1.11.0.dev0_2329eae). These distributions will not be
        parsed properly
        downstream by Distribution and safe_version, so
        take an extra step and try to get the version number from
        the metadata file itself instead of the filename.
        """
        md_version = _version_from_file(self._get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO))
        if md_version:
            self._version = md_version
        return self 

def __init__(self, requirement_string):
        """DO NOT CALL THIS UNDOCUMENTED METHOD; use Requirement.parse()!"""
        try:
            super(Requirement, self).__init__(requirement_string)
        except packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement as e:
            raise RequirementParseError(str(e))
        self.unsafe_name = self.name
        project_name = safe_name(self.name)
        self.project_name, self.key = project_name, project_name.lower()
        self.specs = [
            (spec.operator, spec.version) for spec in self.specifier]
        self.extras = tuple(map(safe_extra, self.extras))
        self.hashCmp = (
            self.key,
            self.specifier,
            frozenset(self.extras),
            str(self.marker) if self.marker else None,
        )
        self.__hash = hash(self.hashCmp) 

def split_sections(s):
    """Split a string or iterable thereof into (section, content) pairs

    Each ``section`` is a stripped version of the section header ("[section]")
    and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and
    comment-only lines.  If there are any such lines before the first section
    header, they're returned in a first ``section`` of ``None``.
    """
    section = None
    content = []
    for line in yield_lines(s):
        if line.startswith("["):
            if line.endswith("]"):
                if section or content:
                    yield section, content
                section = line[1:-1].strip()
                content = []
            else:
                raise ValueError("Invalid section heading", line)
        else:
            content.append(line)

    # wrap up last segment
    yield section, content 

def _make_script(self, entry, filenames, options=None):
        post_interp = b''
        if options:
            args = options.get('interpreter_args', [])
            if args:
                args = ' %s' % ' '.join(args)
                post_interp = args.encode('utf-8')
        shebang = self._get_shebang('utf-8', post_interp, options=options)
        script = self._get_script_text(entry).encode('utf-8')
        name = entry.name
        scriptnames = set()
        if '' in self.variants:
            scriptnames.add(name)
        if 'X' in self.variants:
            scriptnames.add('%s%s' % (name, sys.version[0]))
        if 'X.Y' in self.variants:
            scriptnames.add('%s-%s' % (name, sys.version[:3]))
        if options and options.get('gui', False):
            ext = 'pyw'
        else:
            ext = 'py'
        self._write_script(scriptnames, shebang, script, filenames, ext) 

def metadata(self):
        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
            wheel_metadata = self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
            wv = wheel_metadata['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
            file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
            if file_version < (1, 1):
                fn = 'METADATA'
            else:
                fn = METADATA_FILENAME
            try:
                metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, fn)
                with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
                    wf = wrapper(bf)
                    result = Metadata(fileobj=wf)
            except KeyError:
                raise ValueError('Invalid wheel, because %s is '
                                 'missing' % fn)
        return result 

def get_build_platform():
    """Return this platform's string for platform-specific distributions

    XXX Currently this is the same as ``distutils.util.get_platform()``, but it
    needs some hacks for Linux and Mac OS X.
    """
    try:
        # Python 2.7 or >=3.2
        from sysconfig import get_platform
    except ImportError:
        from distutils.util import get_platform

    plat = get_platform()
    if sys.platform == "darwin" and not plat.startswith('macosx-'):
        try:
            version = _macosx_vers()
            machine = os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_")
            return "macosx-%d.%d-%s" % (int(version[0]), int(version[1]),
                _macosx_arch(machine))
        except ValueError:
            # if someone is running a non-Mac darwin system, this will fall
            # through to the default implementation
            pass
    return plat 

def best_match(self, req, working_set, installer=None):
        """Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set`

        This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a
        suitable distribution is already active.  (This may raise
        ``VersionConflict`` if an unsuitable version of the project is already
        active in the specified `working_set`.)  If a suitable distribution
        isn't active, this method returns the newest distribution in the
        environment that meets the ``Requirement`` in `req`.  If no suitable
        distribution is found, and `installer` is supplied, then the result of
        calling the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be
        returned.
        """
        dist = working_set.find(req)
        if dist is not None:
            return dist
        for dist in self[req.key]:
            if dist in req:
                return dist
        # try to download/install
        return self.obtain(req, installer) 

def _reload_version(self):
        """
        Packages installed by distutils (e.g. numpy or scipy),
        which uses an old safe_version, and so
        their version numbers can get mangled when
        converted to filenames (e.g., 1.11.0.dev0+2329eae to
        1.11.0.dev0_2329eae). These distributions will not be
        parsed properly
        downstream by Distribution and safe_version, so
        take an extra step and try to get the version number from
        the metadata file itself instead of the filename.
        """
        md_version = _version_from_file(self._get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO))
        if md_version:
            self._version = md_version
        return self 

def __init__(self, requirement_string):
        """DO NOT CALL THIS UNDOCUMENTED METHOD; use Requirement.parse()!"""
        try:
            super(Requirement, self).__init__(requirement_string)
        except packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement as e:
            raise RequirementParseError(str(e))
        self.unsafe_name = self.name
        project_name = safe_name(self.name)
        self.project_name, self.key = project_name, project_name.lower()
        self.specs = [
            (spec.operator, spec.version) for spec in self.specifier]
        self.extras = tuple(map(safe_extra, self.extras))
        self.hashCmp = (
            self.key,
            self.specifier,
            frozenset(self.extras),
            str(self.marker) if self.marker else None,
        )
        self.__hash = hash(self.hashCmp) 

def split_sections(s):
    """Split a string or iterable thereof into (section, content) pairs

    Each ``section`` is a stripped version of the section header ("[section]")
    and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and
    comment-only lines.  If there are any such lines before the first section
    header, they're returned in a first ``section`` of ``None``.
    """
    section = None
    content = []
    for line in yield_lines(s):
        if line.startswith("["):
            if line.endswith("]"):
                if section or content:
                    yield section, content
                section = line[1:-1].strip()
                content = []
            else:
                raise ValueError("Invalid section heading", line)
        else:
            content.append(line)

    # wrap up last segment
    yield section, content 

def wheel_version(source_dir):
    """
    Return the Wheel-Version of an extracted wheel, if possible.

    Otherwise, return False if we couldn't parse / extract it.
    """
    try:
        dist = [d for d in pkg_resources.find_on_path(None, source_dir)][0]

        wheel_data = dist.get_metadata('WHEEL')
        wheel_data = Parser().parsestr(wheel_data)

        version = wheel_data['Wheel-Version'].strip()
        version = tuple(map(int, version.split('.')))
        return version
    except:
        return False 

def __init__(self, filename):
        """
        :raises InvalidWheelFilename: when the filename is invalid for a wheel
        """
        wheel_info = self.wheel_file_re.match(filename)
        if not wheel_info:
            raise InvalidWheelFilename(
                "%s is not a valid wheel filename." % filename
            )
        self.filename = filename
        self.name = wheel_info.group('name').replace('_', '-')
        # we'll assume "_" means "-" due to wheel naming scheme
        # (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1150)
        self.version = wheel_info.group('ver').replace('_', '-')
        self.pyversions = wheel_info.group('pyver').split('.')
        self.abis = wheel_info.group('abi').split('.')
        self.plats = wheel_info.group('plat').split('.')

        # All the tag combinations from this file
        self.file_tags = set(
            (x, y, z) for x in self.pyversions
            for y in self.abis for z in self.plats
        ) 

def get_install_paths(name):
    """
    Return the (distutils) install paths for the named dist.

    A dict with ('purelib', 'platlib', 'headers', 'scripts', 'data') keys.
    """
    paths = {}

    i = get_install_command(name)

    for key in install.SCHEME_KEYS:
        paths[key] = getattr(i, 'install_' + key)

    # pip uses a similar path as an alternative to the system's (read-only)
    # include directory:
    if hasattr(sys, 'real_prefix'):  # virtualenv
        paths['headers'] = os.path.join(sys.prefix,
                                        'include',
                                        'site',
                                        'python' + sys.version[:3],
                                        name)

    return paths 

def get_supported_platform():
    """Return this platform's maximum compatible version.

    distutils.util.get_platform() normally reports the minimum version
    of Mac OS X that would be required to *use* extensions produced by
    distutils.  But what we want when checking compatibility is to know the
    version of Mac OS X that we are *running*.  To allow usage of packages that
    explicitly require a newer version of Mac OS X, we must also know the
    current version of the OS.

    If this condition occurs for any other platform with a version in its
    platform strings, this function should be extended accordingly.
    """
    plat = get_build_platform()
    m = macosVersionString.match(plat)
    if m is not None and sys.platform == "darwin":
        try:
            plat = 'macosx-%s-%s' % ('.'.join(_macosx_vers()[:2]), m.group(3))
        except ValueError:
            # not Mac OS X
            pass
    return plat 

def __init__(
            self, search_path=None, platform=get_supported_platform(),
            python=PY_MAJOR):
        """Snapshot distributions available on a search path

        Any distributions found on `search_path` are added to the environment.
        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.

        `platform` is an optional string specifying the name of the platform
        that platform-specific distributions must be compatible with.  If
        unspecified, it defaults to the current platform.  `python` is an
        optional string naming the desired version of Python (e.g. ``'3.3'``);
        it defaults to the current version.

        You may explicitly set `platform` (and/or `python`) to ``None`` if you
        wish to map *all* distributions, not just those compatible with the
        running platform or Python version.
        """
        self._distmap = {}
        self.platform = platform
        self.python = python
        self.scan(search_path) 

def _by_version_descending(names):
    """
    Given a list of filenames, return them in descending order
    by version number.

    >>> names = 'bar', 'foo', 'Python-2.7.10.egg', 'Python-2.7.2.egg'
    >>> _by_version_descending(names)
    ['Python-2.7.10.egg', 'Python-2.7.2.egg', 'foo', 'bar']
    >>> names = 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3.egg'
    >>> _by_version_descending(names)
    ['Setuptools-1.2.3.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg']
    >>> names = 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3.post1.egg'
    >>> _by_version_descending(names)
    ['Setuptools-1.2.3.post1.egg', 'Setuptools-1.2.3b1.egg']
    """
    def _by_version(name):
        """
        Parse each component of the filename
        """
        name, ext = os.path.splitext(name)
        parts = itertools.chain(name.split('-'), [ext])
        return [packaging.version.parse(part) for part in parts]

    return sorted(names, key=_by_version, reverse=True) 

def _warn_legacy_version(self):
        LV = packaging.version.LegacyVersion
        is_legacy = isinstance(self._parsed_version, LV)
        if not is_legacy:
            return

        # While an empty version is technically a legacy version and
        # is not a valid PEP 440 version, it's also unlikely to
        # actually come from someone and instead it is more likely that
        # it comes from setuptools attempting to parse a filename and
        # including it in the list. So for that we'll gate this warning
        # on if the version is anything at all or not.
        if not self.version:
            return

        tmpl = textwrap.dedent("""
            '{project_name} ({version})' is being parsed as a legacy,
            non PEP 440,
            version. You may find odd behavior and sort order.
            In particular it will be sorted as less than 0.0. It
            is recommended to migrate to PEP 440 compatible
            versions.
            """).strip().replace('\n', ' ')

        warnings.warn(tmpl.format(**vars(self)), PEP440Warning) 

def _reload_version(self):
        """
        Packages installed by distutils (e.g. numpy or scipy),
        which uses an old safe_version, and so
        their version numbers can get mangled when
        converted to filenames (e.g., 1.11.0.dev0+2329eae to
        1.11.0.dev0_2329eae). These distributions will not be
        parsed properly
        downstream by Distribution and safe_version, so
        take an extra step and try to get the version number from
        the metadata file itself instead of the filename.
        """
        md_version = _version_from_file(self._get_metadata(self.PKG_INFO))
        if md_version:
            self._version = md_version
        return self 

def __init__(self, requirement_string):
        """DO NOT CALL THIS UNDOCUMENTED METHOD; use Requirement.parse()!"""
        try:
            super(Requirement, self).__init__(requirement_string)
        except packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement as e:
            raise RequirementParseError(str(e))
        self.unsafe_name = self.name
        project_name = safe_name(self.name)
        self.project_name, self.key = project_name, project_name.lower()
        self.specs = [
            (spec.operator, spec.version) for spec in self.specifier]
        self.extras = tuple(map(safe_extra, self.extras))
        self.hashCmp = (
            self.key,
            self.specifier,
            frozenset(self.extras),
            str(self.marker) if self.marker else None,
        )
        self.__hash = hash(self.hashCmp) 

def split_sections(s):
    """Split a string or iterable thereof into (section, content) pairs

    Each ``section`` is a stripped version of the section header ("[section]")
    and each ``content`` is a list of stripped lines excluding blank lines and
    comment-only lines.  If there are any such lines before the first section
    header, they're returned in a first ``section`` of ``None``.
    """
    section = None
    content = []
    for line in yield_lines(s):
        if line.startswith("["):
            if line.endswith("]"):
                if section or content:
                    yield section, content
                section = line[1:-1].strip()
                content = []
            else:
                raise ValueError("Invalid section heading", line)
        else:
            content.append(line)

    # wrap up last segment
    yield section, content 

def data_file_callback(self, *args):
            data = args[0]

            text = "???????????????? ??????:\n" \
                   "------------------------\n\n" \
                   "**????????:** {}\n\n" \
                   "**????:** {}\n\n" \
                   "**?????? ?????:** {}\n\n" \
                   "**???????? ?????:** {}\n\n" \
                   "**???????? ? zip-?????:** {}\n\n" \
                   "**tid ??????????:** {}".format(data["screenshot"],
                                                   data["file"],
                                                   data["version"],
                                                   data["description"],
                                                   data["zip"],
                                                   self.tid_sub_section)
            if KDialog:
                KDialog(background_color=[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]).show(text=text)
            else:
                print(text) 

def event_handler(self, *args):
            try:
                page_number = int(args[1])
                print("Select page %d" % page_number)
                return
            except (ValueError, IndexError):
                pass

            instance_id = args[0].id

            if instance_id in ["Yes", "No", "Cancel", "Add reply"]:
                print("Press button {}".format(instance_id))
                return

            if int(sys.version[0]) >= 3:
                text_link = args[1]
            else:
                text_link = args[1].encode("utf-8")

            address_link = [item[0] for item in message_links.items()
                            if text_link in item]
            print(text_link, ">>>", address_link[0]) 

def setcopyright():
    """Set 'copyright' and 'credits' in __builtin__"""
    __builtin__.copyright = _Printer("copyright", sys.copyright)
    if sys.platform[:4] == 'java':
        __builtin__.credits = _Printer(
            "credits",
            "Jython is maintained by the Jython developers (www.jython.org).")
    elif sys.platform == 'cli':
        __builtin__.credits = _Printer(
            "credits",
            "IronPython is maintained by the IronPython developers (www.ironpython.net).")
    else:
        __builtin__.credits = _Printer("credits", """\
    Thanks to CWI, CNRI, BeOpen.com, Zope Corporation and a cast of thousands
    for supporting Python development.  See www.python.org for more information.""")
    here = os.path.dirname(os.__file__)
    __builtin__.license = _Printer(
        "license", "See http://www.python.org/%.3s/license.html" % sys.version,
        ["LICENSE.txt", "LICENSE"],
        [os.path.join(here, os.pardir), here, os.curdir]) 

def __init__ (self, verbose=0, dry_run=0, force=0):
        CCompiler.__init__ (self, verbose, dry_run, force)
        self.__version = get_build_version()
        self.__arch = get_build_architecture()
        if self.__arch == "Intel":
            # x86
            if self.__version >= 7:
                self.__root = r"Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio"
                self.__macros = MacroExpander(self.__version)
            else:
                self.__root = r"Software\Microsoft\Devstudio"
            self.__product = "Visual Studio version %s" % self.__version
        else:
            # Win64. Assume this was built with the platform SDK
            self.__product = "Microsoft SDK compiler %s" % (self.__version + 6)

        self.initialized = False 

def expand_makefile_vars(s, vars):
    """Expand Makefile-style variables -- "${foo}" or "$(foo)" -- in
    'string' according to 'vars' (a dictionary mapping variable names to
    values).  Variables not present in 'vars' are silently expanded to the
    empty string.  The variable values in 'vars' should not contain further
    variable expansions; if 'vars' is the output of 'parse_makefile()',
    you're fine.  Returns a variable-expanded version of 's'.
    """

    # This algorithm does multiple expansion, so if vars['foo'] contains
    # "${bar}", it will expand ${foo} to ${bar}, and then expand
    # ${bar}... and so forth.  This is fine as long as 'vars' comes from
    # 'parse_makefile()', which takes care of such expansions eagerly,
    # according to make's variable expansion semantics.

    while 1:
        m = _findvar1_rx.search(s) or _findvar2_rx.search(s)
        if m:
            (beg, end) = m.span()
            s = s[0:beg] + vars.get(m.group(1)) + s[end:]
        else:
            break
    return s 

def show_version(scoring_version):
	''' Python version and library versions '''
	swrite('\n=== VERSIONS ===\n\n')
 	# Scoring program version
	swrite("Scoring program version: " + str(scoring_version) + "\n\n")
	# Python version
	swrite("Python version: " + version + "\n\n")
	# Give information on the version installed
	swrite("Versions of libraries installed:\n")
	map(swrite, sorted(["%s==%s\n" % (i.key, i.version) for i in lib()])) 

def show_platform():
    ''' Show information on platform'''
    swrite('\n=== SYSTEM ===\n\n')
    try:
        linux_distribution = platform.linux_distribution()
    except:
        linux_distribution = "N/A"
    swrite("""
    dist: %s
    linux_distribution: %s
    system: %s
    machine: %s
    platform: %s
    uname: %s
    version: %s
    mac_ver: %s
    memory: %s
    number of CPU: %s
    """ % (
    str(platform.dist()),
    linux_distribution,
    platform.system(),
    platform.machine(),
    platform.platform(),
    platform.uname(),
    platform.version(),
    platform.mac_ver(),
    psutil.virtual_memory(),
    str(psutil.cpu_count())
    )) 

def show_version():
	# Python version and library versions
	swrite('\n=== VERSIONS ===\n\n')
	# Python version
	swrite("Python version: " + version + "\n\n")
	# Give information on the version installed
	swrite("Versions of libraries installed:\n")
	map(swrite, sorted(["%s==%s\n" % (i.key, i.version) for i in lib()])) 

def get_pixels_slow(self, ximage):
        ''' Retrieve all pixels from a monitor. Pixels have to be RGB.
            (!) Insanely slow version, see doc/linux-slow-version. (!)
        '''

        # @TODO: this part takes most of the time. Need a better solution.
        def pix(pixel, _resultats={}, p__=pack):
            ''' Apply shifts to a pixel to get the RGB values.
                This method uses of memoization.
            '''

            # pylint: disable=dangerous-default-value

            if pixel not in _resultats:
                _resultats[pixel] = p__('<B', (pixel & rmask) >> 16) + \
                    p__('<B', (pixel & gmask) >> 8) + \
                    p__('<B', pixel & bmask)
            return _resultats[pixel]

        self.width = ximage.contents.width
        self.height = ximage.contents.height
        rmask = ximage.contents.red_mask
        bmask = ximage.contents.blue_mask
        gmask = ximage.contents.green_mask
        get_pix = self.xlib.XGetPixel
        pixels = [pix(get_pix(ximage, x, y))
                  for y in range(self.height) for x in range(self.width)]
        self.image = b''.join(pixels)
        return self.image 

def check(request):
    return {
            'version': '{major}.{minor}.{micro}'.format(
                major=sys.version_info.major,
                minor=sys.version_info.minor,
                micro=sys.version_info.micro
            ),
            'info': sys.version,
            'executable': sys.executable,
            'platform': sys.platform
        } 

def addbuilddir():
    """Append ./build/lib.<platform> in case we're running in the build dir
    (especially for Guido :-)"""
    from distutils.util import get_platform
    s = "build/lib.%s-%.3s" % (get_platform(), sys.version)
    if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
        s += '-pydebug'
    s = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.path[-1]), s)
    sys.path.append(s) 

def _expand_globals(config):
    _ensure_cfg_read()
    if config.has_section('globals'):
        globals = config.items('globals')
    else:
        globals = tuple()

    sections = config.sections()
    for section in sections:
        if section == 'globals':
            continue
        for option, value in globals:
            if config.has_option(section, option):
                continue
            config.set(section, option, value)
    config.remove_section('globals')

    # now expanding local variables defined in the cfg file
    #
    for section in config.sections():
        variables = dict(config.items(section))

        def _replacer(matchobj):
            name = matchobj.group(1)
            if name in variables:
                return variables[name]
            return matchobj.group(0)

        for option, value in config.items(section):
            config.set(section, option, _VAR_REPL.sub(_replacer, value))

#_expand_globals(_SCHEMES)

 # FIXME don't rely on sys.version here, its format is an implementation detail
 # of CPython, use sys.version_info or sys.hexversion 

def _main():
    """Display all information sysconfig detains."""
    print('Platform: "%s"' % get_platform())
    print('Python version: "%s"' % get_python_version())
    print('Current installation scheme: "%s"' % _get_default_scheme())
    print()
    _print_dict('Paths', get_paths())
    print()
    _print_dict('Variables', get_config_vars()) 

def __init__(self, filename=None, sign=False, verify=False):
        """
        Initialise an instance using a (valid) filename.
        """
        self.sign = sign
        self.should_verify = verify
        self.buildver = ''
        self.pyver = [PYVER]
        self.abi = ['none']
        self.arch = ['any']
        self.dirname = os.getcwd()
        if filename is None:
            self.name = 'dummy'
            self.version = '0.1'
            self._filename = self.filename
        else:
            m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(filename)
            if m:
                info = m.groupdict('')
                self.name = info['nm']
                # Reinstate the local version separator
                self.version = info['vn'].replace('_', '-')
                self.buildver = info['bn']
                self._filename = self.filename
            else:
                dirname, filename = os.path.split(filename)
                m = FILENAME_RE.match(filename)
                if not m:
                    raise DistlibException('Invalid name or '
                                           'filename: %r' % filename)
                if dirname:
                    self.dirname = os.path.abspath(dirname)
                self._filename = filename
                info = m.groupdict('')
                self.name = info['nm']
                self.version = info['vn']
                self.buildver = info['bn']
                self.pyver = info['py'].split('.')
                self.abi = info['bi'].split('.')
                self.arch = info['ar'].split('.') 

def filename(self):
        """
        Build and return a filename from the various components.
        """
        if self.buildver:
            buildver = '-' + self.buildver
        else:
            buildver = ''
        pyver = '.'.join(self.pyver)
        abi = '.'.join(self.abi)
        arch = '.'.join(self.arch)
        # replace - with _ as a local version separator
        version = self.version.replace('-', '_')
        return '%s-%s%s-%s-%s-%s.whl' % (self.name, version, buildver,
                                         pyver, abi, arch)