Python sys.version() Examples

def main(argv=None):
    import getopt

    if argv is None:
        argv = sys.argv
    try:
        opts, prog_argv = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], "tcrRf:d:msC:lTg",
                                        ["help", "version", "trace", "count",
                                         "report", "no-report", "summary",
                                         "file=", "missing",
                                         "ignore-module=", "ignore-dir=",
                                         "coverdir=", "listfuncs",
                                         "trackcalls", "timing"])

    except getopt.error, msg:
        sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (sys.argv[0], msg))
        sys.stderr.write("Try `%s --help' for more information\n"
                         % sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(1) 

def _get_build_version():
        """Return the version of MSVC that was used to build Python.

        For Python 2.3 and up, the version number is included in
        sys.version.  For earlier versions, assume the compiler is MSVC 6.
        """
        # This function was copied from Lib/distutils/msvccompiler.py
        prefix = "MSC v."
        i = sys.version.find(prefix)
        if i == -1:
            return 6
        i = i + len(prefix)
        s, rest = sys.version[i:].split(" ", 1)
        majorVersion = int(s[:-2]) - 6
        minorVersion = int(s[2:3]) / 10.0
        # I don't think paths are affected by minor version in version 6
        if majorVersion == 6:
            minorVersion = 0
        if majorVersion >= 6:
            return majorVersion + minorVersion
        # else we don't know what version of the compiler this is
        return None 

def find_msvcrt():
        """Return the name of the VC runtime dll"""
        version = _get_build_version()
        if version is None:
            # better be safe than sorry
            return None
        if version <= 6:
            clibname = 'msvcrt'
        else:
            clibname = 'msvcr%d' % (version * 10)

        # If python was built with in debug mode
        import imp
        if imp.get_suffixes()[0][0] == '_d.pyd':
            clibname += 'd'
        return clibname+'.dll' 

def get_build_version():
    """Return the version of MSVC that was used to build Python.

    For Python 2.3 and up, the version number is included in
    sys.version.  For earlier versions, assume the compiler is MSVC 6.
    """

    prefix = "MSC v."
    i = string.find(sys.version, prefix)
    if i == -1:
        return 6
    i = i + len(prefix)
    s, rest = sys.version[i:].split(" ", 1)
    majorVersion = int(s[:-2]) - 6
    minorVersion = int(s[2:3]) / 10.0
    # I don't think paths are affected by minor version in version 6
    if majorVersion == 6:
        minorVersion = 0
    if majorVersion >= 6:
        return majorVersion + minorVersion
    # else we don't know what version of the compiler this is
    return None 

def __init__ (self, verbose=0, dry_run=0, force=0):
        CCompiler.__init__ (self, verbose, dry_run, force)
        self.__version = get_build_version()
        self.__arch = get_build_architecture()
        if self.__arch == "Intel":
            # x86
            if self.__version >= 7:
                self.__root = r"Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio"
                self.__macros = MacroExpander(self.__version)
            else:
                self.__root = r"Software\Microsoft\Devstudio"
            self.__product = "Visual Studio version %s" % self.__version
        else:
            # Win64. Assume this was built with the platform SDK
            self.__product = "Microsoft SDK compiler %s" % (self.__version + 6)

        self.initialized = False 

def get_msvcr():
    """Include the appropriate MSVC runtime library if Python was built
    with MSVC 7.0 or later.
    """
    msc_pos = sys.version.find('MSC v.')
    if msc_pos != -1:
        msc_ver = sys.version[msc_pos+6:msc_pos+10]
        if msc_ver == '1300':
            # MSVC 7.0
            return ['msvcr70']
        elif msc_ver == '1310':
            # MSVC 7.1
            return ['msvcr71']
        elif msc_ver == '1400':
            # VS2005 / MSVC 8.0
            return ['msvcr80']
        elif msc_ver == '1500':
            # VS2008 / MSVC 9.0
            return ['msvcr90']
        else:
            raise ValueError("Unknown MS Compiler version %s " % msc_ver) 

def expand_makefile_vars(s, vars):
    """Expand Makefile-style variables -- "${foo}" or "$(foo)" -- in
    'string' according to 'vars' (a dictionary mapping variable names to
    values).  Variables not present in 'vars' are silently expanded to the
    empty string.  The variable values in 'vars' should not contain further
    variable expansions; if 'vars' is the output of 'parse_makefile()',
    you're fine.  Returns a variable-expanded version of 's'.
    """

    # This algorithm does multiple expansion, so if vars['foo'] contains
    # "${bar}", it will expand ${foo} to ${bar}, and then expand
    # ${bar}... and so forth.  This is fine as long as 'vars' comes from
    # 'parse_makefile()', which takes care of such expansions eagerly,
    # according to make's variable expansion semantics.

    while 1:
        m = _findvar1_rx.search(s) or _findvar2_rx.search(s)
        if m:
            (beg, end) = m.span()
            s = s[0:beg] + vars.get(m.group(1)) + s[end:]
        else:
            break
    return s 

def intro(self):
        self.output.write('''
Welcome to Python %s!  This is the online help utility.

If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out
the tutorial on the Internet at http://docs.python.org/%s/tutorial/.

Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing
Python programs and using Python modules.  To quit this help utility and
return to the interpreter, just type "quit".

To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type "modules",
"keywords", or "topics".  Each module also comes with a one-line summary
of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word
such as "spam", type "modules spam".
''' % tuple([sys.version[:3]]*2)) 

def print_versions():
    print
    print '-=' * 38
    print db.DB_VERSION_STRING
    print 'bsddb.db.version():   %s' % (db.version(), )
    if db.version() >= (5, 0) :
        print 'bsddb.db.full_version(): %s' %repr(db.full_version())
    print 'bsddb.db.__version__: %s' % db.__version__
    print 'bsddb.db.cvsid:       %s' % db.cvsid

    # Workaround for allowing generating an EGGs as a ZIP files.
    suffix="__"
    print 'py module:            %s' % getattr(bsddb, "__file"+suffix)
    print 'extension module:     %s' % getattr(bsddb, "__file"+suffix)

    print 'python version:       %s' % sys.version
    print 'My pid:               %s' % os.getpid()
    print '-=' * 38 

def dist(distname='',version='',id='',

         supported_dists=_supported_dists):

    """ Tries to determine the name of the Linux OS distribution name.

        The function first looks for a distribution release file in
        /etc and then reverts to _dist_try_harder() in case no
        suitable files are found.

        Returns a tuple (distname,version,id) which default to the
        args given as parameters.

    """
    return linux_distribution(distname, version, id,
                              supported_dists=supported_dists,
                              full_distribution_name=0) 

def mac_ver(release='',versioninfo=('','',''),machine=''):

    """ Get MacOS version information and return it as tuple (release,
        versioninfo, machine) with versioninfo being a tuple (version,
        dev_stage, non_release_version).

        Entries which cannot be determined are set to the parameter values
        which default to ''. All tuple entries are strings.
    """

    # First try reading the information from an XML file which should
    # always be present
    info = _mac_ver_xml()
    if info is not None:
        return info

    # If that doesn't work for some reason fall back to reading the
    # information using gestalt calls.
    info = _mac_ver_gestalt()
    if info is not None:
        return info

    # If that also doesn't work return the default values
    return release,versioninfo,machine 

def setUp(self):
        """Make a copy of sys.path"""
        super(TestSysConfig, self).setUp()
        self.sys_path = sys.path[:]
        self.makefile = None
        # patching os.uname
        if hasattr(os, 'uname'):
            self.uname = os.uname
            self._uname = os.uname()
        else:
            self.uname = None
            self._uname = None
        os.uname = self._get_uname
        # saving the environment
        self.name = os.name
        self.platform = sys.platform
        self.version = sys.version
        self.sep = os.sep
        self.join = os.path.join
        self.isabs = os.path.isabs
        self.splitdrive = os.path.splitdrive
        self._config_vars = copy(sysconfig._CONFIG_VARS)
        self.old_environ = deepcopy(os.environ) 

def test_uname_win32_ARCHITEW6432(self):
        # Issue 7860: make sure we get architecture from the correct variable
        # on 64 bit Windows: if PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432 exists we should be
        # using it, per
        # http://blogs.msdn.com/david.wang/archive/2006/03/26/HOWTO-Detect-Process-Bitness.aspx
        try:
            with test_support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as environ:
                if 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432' in environ:
                    del environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432']
                environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE'] = 'foo'
                platform._uname_cache = None
                system, node, release, version, machine, processor = platform.uname()
                self.assertEqual(machine, 'foo')
                environ['PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432'] = 'bar'
                platform._uname_cache = None
                system, node, release, version, machine, processor = platform.uname()
                self.assertEqual(machine, 'bar')
        finally:
            platform._uname_cache = None 

def begin(self):
        self.resetoutput()
        if use_subprocess:
            nosub = ''
            client = self.interp.start_subprocess()
            if not client:
                self.close()
                return False
        else:
            nosub = "==== No Subprocess ===="
        self.write("Python %s on %s\n%s\n%s" %
                   (sys.version, sys.platform, self.COPYRIGHT, nosub))
        self.showprompt()
        import Tkinter
        Tkinter._default_root = None # 03Jan04 KBK What's this?
        return True 

def get_supported_platform():
    """Return this platform's maximum compatible version.

    distutils.util.get_platform() normally reports the minimum version
    of Mac OS X that would be required to *use* extensions produced by
    distutils.  But what we want when checking compatibility is to know the
    version of Mac OS X that we are *running*.  To allow usage of packages that
    explicitly require a newer version of Mac OS X, we must also know the
    current version of the OS.

    If this condition occurs for any other platform with a version in its
    platform strings, this function should be extended accordingly.
    """
    plat = get_build_platform()
    m = macosVersionString.match(plat)
    if m is not None and sys.platform == "darwin":
        try:
            plat = 'macosx-%s-%s' % ('.'.join(_macosx_vers()[:2]), m.group(3))
        except ValueError:
            # not Mac OS X
            pass
    return plat 

def __init__(
            self, search_path=None, platform=get_supported_platform(),
            python=PY_MAJOR):
        """Snapshot distributions available on a search path

        Any distributions found on `search_path` are added to the environment.
        `search_path` should be a sequence of ``sys.path`` items.  If not
        supplied, ``sys.path`` is used.

        `platform` is an optional string specifying the name of the platform
        that platform-specific distributions must be compatible with.  If
        unspecified, it defaults to the current platform.  `python` is an
        optional string naming the desired version of Python (e.g. ``'3.3'``);
        it defaults to the current version.

        You may explicitly set `platform` (and/or `python`) to ``None`` if you
        wish to map *all* distributions, not just those compatible with the
        running platform or Python version.
        """
        self._distmap = {}
        self.platform = platform
        self.python = python
        self.scan(search_path) 

def main():
    import datetime, os, sys, webbrowser
    print('\nPython ' + sys.version)  # print the python version

#   prints a text only Mandelbrot
    '''
    print('\n'.join([''.join([' ' if mandelbrot(0, x + 1j * y) else '#'
                    for x in [a * 0.02 for a in range(-80, 30)]])
                    for y in [a * 0.05 for a in range(-20, 20)]]))
    '''

    COLORS = make_colors()
    COLORS[0] = 0  # color zero is black

    if IMG_SIZE > 7:
        print('Please wait: calculating Mandelbrot set...')

    start = datetime.datetime.now()
    img = make_image((COLORS[mandelbrot(0, x + 1j * y)]
        for y in [a * 0.05 / IMG_SIZE for a in range(-20 * IMG_SIZE, 20 * IMG_SIZE)]
        for x in [a * 0.02 / IMG_SIZE for a in range(-80 * IMG_SIZE, 30 * IMG_SIZE)]),
        (110 * IMG_SIZE, 40 * IMG_SIZE))
    fmt = 'IMG_SIZE={:>2} {} elapsed time: {}'
    print(fmt.format(IMG_SIZE, img.size, datetime.datetime.now() - start))
 
    filename = os.path.abspath(__file__).rpartition('.')[0] + '.png'
    img.save(filename, 'PNG')
    webbrowser.open('file://' + filename) 

def __init__(self, version):
        self.macros = {}
        self.load_macros(version) 

def load_macros(self, version):
        vsbase = r"Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\%0.1f" % version
        self.set_macro("VCInstallDir", vsbase + r"\Setup\VC", "productdir")
        self.set_macro("VSInstallDir", vsbase + r"\Setup\VS", "productdir")
        net = r"Software\Microsoft\.NETFramework"
        self.set_macro("FrameworkDir", net, "installroot")
        try:
            if version > 7.0:
                self.set_macro("FrameworkSDKDir", net, "sdkinstallrootv1.1")
            else:
                self.set_macro("FrameworkSDKDir", net, "sdkinstallroot")
        except KeyError:
            raise DistutilsPlatformError, \
                  ("""Python was built with Visual Studio 2003;
extensions must be built with a compiler than can generate compatible binaries.
Visual Studio 2003 was not found on this system. If you have Cygwin installed,
you can try compiling with MingW32, by passing "-c mingw32" to setup.py.""")

        p = r"Software\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\Product"
        for base in HKEYS:
            try:
                h = RegOpenKeyEx(base, p)
            except RegError:
                continue
            key = RegEnumKey(h, 0)
            d = read_values(base, r"%s\%s" % (p, key))
            self.macros["$(FrameworkVersion)"] = d["version"] 

def get_build_architecture():
    """Return the processor architecture.

    Possible results are "Intel", "Itanium", or "AMD64".
    """

    prefix = " bit ("
    i = string.find(sys.version, prefix)
    if i == -1:
        return "Intel"
    j = string.find(sys.version, ")", i)
    return sys.version[i+len(prefix):j] 

def get_config_vars(*args):
    """With no arguments, return a dictionary of all configuration
    variables relevant for the current platform.  Generally this includes
    everything needed to build extensions and install both pure modules and
    extensions.  On Unix, this means every variable defined in Python's
    installed Makefile; on Windows and Mac OS it's a much smaller set.

    With arguments, return a list of values that result from looking up
    each argument in the configuration variable dictionary.
    """
    global _config_vars
    if _config_vars is None:
        func = globals().get("_init_" + os.name)
        if func:
            func()
        else:
            _config_vars = {}

        # Normalized versions of prefix and exec_prefix are handy to have;
        # in fact, these are the standard versions used most places in the
        # Distutils.
        _config_vars['prefix'] = PREFIX
        _config_vars['exec_prefix'] = EXEC_PREFIX

        # OS X platforms require special customization to handle
        # multi-architecture, multi-os-version installers
        if sys.platform == 'darwin':
            import _osx_support
            _osx_support.customize_config_vars(_config_vars)

    if args:
        vals = []
        for name in args:
            vals.append(_config_vars.get(name))
        return vals
    else:
        return _config_vars 

def __init__ (self,
                  verbose=0,
                  dry_run=0,
                  force=0):

        UnixCCompiler.__init__ (self, verbose, dry_run, force)

        (status, details) = check_config_h()
        self.debug_print("Python's GCC status: %s (details: %s)" %
                         (status, details))
        if status is not CONFIG_H_OK:
            self.warn(
                "Python's pyconfig.h doesn't seem to support your compiler.  " +
                ("Reason: %s." % details) +
                "Compiling may fail because of undefined preprocessor macros.")

        (self.gcc_version, self.ld_version) = \
            get_versions()
        self.debug_print(self.compiler_type + ": gcc %s, ld %s\n" %
                         (self.gcc_version,
                          self.ld_version) )

        # Hard-code GCC because that's what this is all about.
        # XXX optimization, warnings etc. should be customizable.
        self.set_executables(compiler='gcc -Zomf -Zmt -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -mprobe -Wall',
                             compiler_so='gcc -Zomf -Zmt -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -mprobe -Wall',
                             linker_exe='gcc -Zomf -Zmt -Zcrtdll',
                             linker_so='gcc -Zomf -Zmt -Zcrtdll -Zdll')

        # want the gcc library statically linked (so that we don't have
        # to distribute a version dependent on the compiler we have)
        self.dll_libraries=["gcc"]

    # __init__ () 

def find_library_file(self, dirs, lib, debug=0):
        shortlib = '%s.lib' % lib
        longlib = 'lib%s.lib' % lib    # this form very rare

        # get EMX's default library directory search path
        try:
            emx_dirs = os.environ['LIBRARY_PATH'].split(';')
        except KeyError:
            emx_dirs = []

        for dir in dirs + emx_dirs:
            shortlibp = os.path.join(dir, shortlib)
            longlibp = os.path.join(dir, longlib)
            if os.path.exists(shortlibp):
                return shortlibp
            elif os.path.exists(longlibp):
                return longlibp

        # Oops, didn't find it in *any* of 'dirs'
        return None

# class EMXCCompiler


# Because these compilers aren't configured in Python's pyconfig.h file by
# default, we should at least warn the user if he is using a unmodified
# version. 

def setUp(self):
        super(BuildExtTestCase, self).setUp()
        self.tmp_dir = self.mkdtemp()
        self.xx_created = False
        sys.path.append(self.tmp_dir)
        self.addCleanup(sys.path.remove, self.tmp_dir)
        if sys.version > "2.6":
            import site
            self.old_user_base = site.USER_BASE
            site.USER_BASE = self.mkdtemp()
            from distutils.command import build_ext
            build_ext.USER_BASE = site.USER_BASE 

def test_deployment_target_higher_ok(self):
        # Issue 9516: Test that an extension module can be compiled with a
        # deployment target higher than that of the interpreter: the ext
        # module may depend on some newer OS feature.
        deptarget = sysconfig.get_config_var('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET')
        if deptarget:
            # increment the minor version number (i.e. 10.6 -> 10.7)
            deptarget = [int(x) for x in deptarget.split('.')]
            deptarget[-1] += 1
            deptarget = '.'.join(str(i) for i in deptarget)
            self._try_compile_deployment_target('<', deptarget) 

def test_finalize_options(self):
        pkg_dir, dist = self.create_dist()
        cmd = build(dist)
        cmd.finalize_options()

        # if not specified, plat_name gets the current platform
        self.assertEqual(cmd.plat_name, get_platform())

        # build_purelib is build + lib
        wanted = os.path.join(cmd.build_base, 'lib')
        self.assertEqual(cmd.build_purelib, wanted)

        # build_platlib is 'build/lib.platform-x.x[-pydebug]'
        # examples:
        #   build/lib.macosx-10.3-i386-2.7
        plat_spec = '.%s-%s' % (cmd.plat_name, sys.version[0:3])
        if hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount'):
            self.assertTrue(cmd.build_platlib.endswith('-pydebug'))
            plat_spec += '-pydebug'
        wanted = os.path.join(cmd.build_base, 'lib' + plat_spec)
        self.assertEqual(cmd.build_platlib, wanted)

        # by default, build_lib = build_purelib
        self.assertEqual(cmd.build_lib, cmd.build_purelib)

        # build_temp is build/temp.<plat>
        wanted = os.path.join(cmd.build_base, 'temp' + plat_spec)
        self.assertEqual(cmd.build_temp, wanted)

        # build_scripts is build/scripts-x.x
        wanted = os.path.join(cmd.build_base, 'scripts-' +  sys.version[0:3])
        self.assertEqual(cmd.build_scripts, wanted)

        # executable is os.path.normpath(sys.executable)
        self.assertEqual(cmd.executable, os.path.normpath(sys.executable)) 

def finalize_options (self):
        self.set_undefined_options('bdist', ('skip_build', 'skip_build'))

        if self.bdist_dir is None:
            bdist_base = self.get_finalized_command('bdist').bdist_base
            self.bdist_dir = os.path.join(bdist_base, 'msi')

        short_version = get_python_version()
        if (not self.target_version) and self.distribution.has_ext_modules():
            self.target_version = short_version

        if self.target_version:
            self.versions = [self.target_version]
            if not self.skip_build and self.distribution.has_ext_modules()\
               and self.target_version != short_version:
                raise DistutilsOptionError, \
                      "target version can only be %s, or the '--skip-build'" \
                      " option must be specified" % (short_version,)
        else:
            self.versions = list(self.all_versions)

        self.set_undefined_options('bdist',
                                   ('dist_dir', 'dist_dir'),
                                   ('plat_name', 'plat_name'),
                                   )

        if self.pre_install_script:
            raise DistutilsOptionError, "the pre-install-script feature is not yet implemented"

        if self.install_script:
            for script in self.distribution.scripts:
                if self.install_script == os.path.basename(script):
                    break
            else:
                raise DistutilsOptionError, \
                      "install_script '%s' not found in scripts" % \
                      self.install_script
        self.install_script_key = None
    # finalize_options() 

def add_scripts(self):
        if self.install_script:
            start = 6800
            for ver in self.versions + [self.other_version]:
                install_action = "install_script." + ver
                exe_prop = "PYTHON" + ver
                add_data(self.db, "CustomAction",
                        [(install_action, 50, exe_prop, self.install_script_key)])
                add_data(self.db, "InstallExecuteSequence",
                        [(install_action, "&Python%s=3" % ver, start)])
                start += 1
        # XXX pre-install scripts are currently refused in finalize_options()
        #     but if this feature is completed, it will also need to add
        #     entries for each version as the above code does
        if self.pre_install_script:
            scriptfn = os.path.join(self.bdist_dir, "preinstall.bat")
            f = open(scriptfn, "w")
            # The batch file will be executed with [PYTHON], so that %1
            # is the path to the Python interpreter; %0 will be the path
            # of the batch file.
            # rem ="""
            # %1 %0
            # exit
            # """
            # <actual script>
            f.write('rem ="""\n%1 %0\nexit\n"""\n')
            f.write(open(self.pre_install_script).read())
            f.close()
            add_data(self.db, "Binary",
                [("PreInstall", msilib.Binary(scriptfn))
                ])
            add_data(self.db, "CustomAction",
                [("PreInstall", 2, "PreInstall", None)
                ])
            add_data(self.db, "InstallExecuteSequence",
                    [("PreInstall", "NOT Installed", 450)]) 

def finalize_options (self):
        self.set_undefined_options('bdist', ('skip_build', 'skip_build'))

        if self.bdist_dir is None:
            if self.skip_build and self.plat_name:
                # If build is skipped and plat_name is overridden, bdist will
                # not see the correct 'plat_name' - so set that up manually.
                bdist = self.distribution.get_command_obj('bdist')
                bdist.plat_name = self.plat_name
                # next the command will be initialized using that name
            bdist_base = self.get_finalized_command('bdist').bdist_base
            self.bdist_dir = os.path.join(bdist_base, 'wininst')

        if not self.target_version:
            self.target_version = ""

        if not self.skip_build and self.distribution.has_ext_modules():
            short_version = get_python_version()
            if self.target_version and self.target_version != short_version:
                raise DistutilsOptionError, \
                      "target version can only be %s, or the '--skip-build'" \
                      " option must be specified" % (short_version,)
            self.target_version = short_version

        self.set_undefined_options('bdist',
                                   ('dist_dir', 'dist_dir'),
                                   ('plat_name', 'plat_name'),
                                  )

        if self.install_script:
            for script in self.distribution.scripts:
                if self.install_script == os.path.basename(script):
                    break
            else:
                raise DistutilsOptionError, \
                      "install_script '%s' not found in scripts" % \
                      self.install_script
    # finalize_options() 

def get_installer_filename(self, fullname):
        # Factored out to allow overriding in subclasses
        if self.target_version:
            # if we create an installer for a specific python version,
            # it's better to include this in the name
            installer_name = os.path.join(self.dist_dir,
                                          "%s.%s-py%s.exe" %
                                           (fullname, self.plat_name, self.target_version))
        else:
            installer_name = os.path.join(self.dist_dir,
                                          "%s.%s.exe" % (fullname, self.plat_name))
        return installer_name
    # get_installer_filename() 

def finalize_options(self):
        self.set_undefined_options('install_lib',('install_dir','install_dir'))
        basename = "%s-%s-py%s.egg-info" % (
            to_filename(safe_name(self.distribution.get_name())),
            to_filename(safe_version(self.distribution.get_version())),
            sys.version[:3]
        )
        self.target = os.path.join(self.install_dir, basename)
        self.outputs = [self.target] 

def safe_version(version):
    """Convert an arbitrary string to a standard version string

    Spaces become dots, and all other non-alphanumeric characters become
    dashes, with runs of multiple dashes condensed to a single dash.
    """
    version = version.replace(' ','.')
    return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', version) 

def to_filename(name):
    """Convert a project or version name to its filename-escaped form

    Any '-' characters are currently replaced with '_'.
    """
    return name.replace('-','_') 

def __init__(self, version):
        self.macros = {}
        self.vsbase = VS_BASE % version
        self.load_macros(version) 

def load_macros(self, version):
        self.set_macro("VCInstallDir", self.vsbase + r"\Setup\VC", "productdir")
        self.set_macro("VSInstallDir", self.vsbase + r"\Setup\VS", "productdir")
        self.set_macro("FrameworkDir", NET_BASE, "installroot")
        try:
            if version >= 8.0:
                self.set_macro("FrameworkSDKDir", NET_BASE,
                               "sdkinstallrootv2.0")
            else:
                raise KeyError("sdkinstallrootv2.0")
        except KeyError:
            raise DistutilsPlatformError(
            """Python was built with Visual Studio 2008;
extensions must be built with a compiler than can generate compatible binaries.
Visual Studio 2008 was not found on this system. If you have Cygwin installed,
you can try compiling with MingW32, by passing "-c mingw32" to setup.py.""")

        if version >= 9.0:
            self.set_macro("FrameworkVersion", self.vsbase, "clr version")
            self.set_macro("WindowsSdkDir", WINSDK_BASE, "currentinstallfolder")
        else:
            p = r"Software\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\Product"
            for base in HKEYS:
                try:
                    h = RegOpenKeyEx(base, p)
                except RegError:
                    continue
                key = RegEnumKey(h, 0)
                d = Reg.get_value(base, r"%s\%s" % (p, key))
                self.macros["$(FrameworkVersion)"] = d["version"] 

def query_vcvarsall(version, arch="x86"):
    """Launch vcvarsall.bat and read the settings from its environment
    """
    vcvarsall = find_vcvarsall(version)
    interesting = set(("include", "lib", "libpath", "path"))
    result = {}

    if vcvarsall is None:
        raise DistutilsPlatformError("Unable to find vcvarsall.bat")
    log.debug("Calling 'vcvarsall.bat %s' (version=%s)", arch, version)
    popen = subprocess.Popen('"%s" %s & set' % (vcvarsall, arch),
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    try:
        stdout, stderr = popen.communicate()
        if popen.wait() != 0:
            raise DistutilsPlatformError(stderr.decode("mbcs"))

        stdout = stdout.decode("mbcs")
        for line in stdout.split("\n"):
            line = Reg.convert_mbcs(line)
            if '=' not in line:
                continue
            line = line.strip()
            key, value = line.split('=', 1)
            key = key.lower()
            if key in interesting:
                if value.endswith(os.pathsep):
                    value = value[:-1]
                result[key] = removeDuplicates(value)

    finally:
        popen.stdout.close()
        popen.stderr.close()

    if len(result) != len(interesting):
        raise ValueError(str(list(result.keys())))

    return result

# More globals 

def getdocloc(self, object):
        """Return the location of module docs or None"""

        try:
            file = inspect.getabsfile(object)
        except TypeError:
            file = '(built-in)'

        docloc = os.environ.get("PYTHONDOCS",
                                "http://docs.python.org/library")
        basedir = os.path.join(sys.exec_prefix, "lib",
                               "python"+sys.version[0:3])
        if (isinstance(object, type(os)) and
            (object.__name__ in ('errno', 'exceptions', 'gc', 'imp',
                                 'marshal', 'posix', 'signal', 'sys',
                                 'thread', 'zipimport') or
             (file.startswith(basedir) and
              not file.startswith(os.path.join(basedir, 'site-packages')))) and
            object.__name__ not in ('xml.etree', 'test.pydoc_mod')):
            if docloc.startswith("http://"):
                docloc = "%s/%s" % (docloc.rstrip("/"), object.__name__)
            else:
                docloc = os.path.join(docloc, object.__name__ + ".html")
        else:
            docloc = None
        return docloc

# -------------------------------------------- HTML documentation generator 

def _parse_release_file(firstline):

    # Default to empty 'version' and 'id' strings.  Both defaults are used
    # when 'firstline' is empty.  'id' defaults to empty when an id can not
    # be deduced.
    version = ''
    id = ''

    # Parse the first line
    m = _lsb_release_version.match(firstline)
    if m is not None:
        # LSB format: "distro release x.x (codename)"
        return tuple(m.groups())

    # Pre-LSB format: "distro x.x (codename)"
    m = _release_version.match(firstline)
    if m is not None:
        return tuple(m.groups())

    # Unknown format... take the first two words
    l = string.split(string.strip(firstline))
    if l:
        version = l[0]
        if len(l) > 1:
            id = l[1]
    return '', version, id 

def _syscmd_ver(system='', release='', version='',

               supported_platforms=('win32','win16','dos','os2')):

    """ Tries to figure out the OS version used and returns
        a tuple (system,release,version).

        It uses the "ver" shell command for this which is known
        to exists on Windows, DOS and OS/2. XXX Others too ?

        In case this fails, the given parameters are used as
        defaults.

    """
    if sys.platform not in supported_platforms:
        return system,release,version

    # Try some common cmd strings
    for cmd in ('ver','command /c ver','cmd /c ver'):
        try:
            pipe = popen(cmd)
            info = pipe.read()
            if pipe.close():
                raise os.error,'command failed'
            # XXX How can I suppress shell errors from being written
            #     to stderr ?
        except os.error,why:
            #print 'Command %s failed: %s' % (cmd,why)
            continue
        except IOError,why:
            #print 'Command %s failed: %s' % (cmd,why)
            continue 

def _mac_ver_gestalt():
    """
        Thanks to Mark R. Levinson for mailing documentation links and
        code examples for this function. Documentation for the
        gestalt() API is available online at:

           http://www.rgaros.nl/gestalt/
    """
    # Check whether the version info module is available
    try:
        import gestalt
        import MacOS
    except ImportError:
        return None
    # Get the infos
    sysv,sysa = _mac_ver_lookup(('sysv','sysa'))
    # Decode the infos
    if sysv:
        major = (sysv & 0xFF00) >> 8
        minor = (sysv & 0x00F0) >> 4
        patch = (sysv & 0x000F)

        if (major, minor) >= (10, 4):
            # the 'sysv' gestald cannot return patchlevels
            # higher than 9. Apple introduced 3 new
            # gestalt codes in 10.4 to deal with this
            # issue (needed because patch levels can
            # run higher than 9, such as 10.4.11)
            major,minor,patch = _mac_ver_lookup(('sys1','sys2','sys3'))
            release = '%i.%i.%i' %(major, minor, patch)
        else:
            release = '%s.%i.%i' % (_bcd2str(major),minor,patch)

    if sysa:
        machine = {0x1: '68k',
                   0x2: 'PowerPC',
                   0xa: 'i386'}.get(sysa,'')

    versioninfo=('', '', '')
    return release,versioninfo,machine 

def java_ver(release='',vendor='',vminfo=('','',''),osinfo=('','','')):

    """ Version interface for Jython.

        Returns a tuple (release,vendor,vminfo,osinfo) with vminfo being
        a tuple (vm_name,vm_release,vm_vendor) and osinfo being a
        tuple (os_name,os_version,os_arch).

        Values which cannot be determined are set to the defaults
        given as parameters (which all default to '').

    """
    # Import the needed APIs
    try:
        import java.lang
    except ImportError:
        return release,vendor,vminfo,osinfo

    vendor = _java_getprop('java.vendor', vendor)
    release = _java_getprop('java.version', release)
    vm_name, vm_release, vm_vendor = vminfo
    vm_name = _java_getprop('java.vm.name', vm_name)
    vm_vendor = _java_getprop('java.vm.vendor', vm_vendor)
    vm_release = _java_getprop('java.vm.version', vm_release)
    vminfo = vm_name, vm_release, vm_vendor
    os_name, os_version, os_arch = osinfo
    os_arch = _java_getprop('java.os.arch', os_arch)
    os_name = _java_getprop('java.os.name', os_name)
    os_version = _java_getprop('java.os.version', os_version)
    osinfo = os_name, os_version, os_arch

    return release, vendor, vminfo, osinfo

### System name aliasing 

def version():

    """ Returns the system's release version, e.g. '#3 on degas'

        An empty string is returned if the value cannot be determined.

    """
    return uname()[3] 

def python_version():

    """ Returns the Python version as string 'major.minor.patchlevel'

        Note that unlike the Python sys.version, the returned value
        will always include the patchlevel (it defaults to 0).

    """
    return _sys_version()[1] 

def python_version_tuple():

    """ Returns the Python version as tuple (major, minor, patchlevel)
        of strings.

        Note that unlike the Python sys.version, the returned value
        will always include the patchlevel (it defaults to 0).

    """
    return tuple(string.split(_sys_version()[1], '.')) 

def tearDown(self):
        """Restore sys.path"""
        sys.path[:] = self.sys_path
        if self.makefile is not None:
            os.unlink(self.makefile)
        self._cleanup_testfn()
        if self.uname is not None:
            os.uname = self.uname
        else:
            del os.uname
        os.name = self.name
        sys.platform = self.platform
        sys.version = self.version
        os.sep = self.sep
        os.path.join = self.join
        os.path.isabs = self.isabs
        os.path.splitdrive = self.splitdrive
        sysconfig._CONFIG_VARS = copy(self._config_vars)
        for key, value in self.old_environ.items():
            if os.environ.get(key) != value:
                os.environ[key] = value

        for key in os.environ.keys():
            if key not in self.old_environ:
                del os.environ[key]

        super(TestSysConfig, self).tearDown() 

def test_version(self):
        res = platform.version() 

def setUp(self):
        self.save_version = sys.version
        self.save_subversion = sys.subversion
        self.save_platform = sys.platform 

def tearDown(self):
        sys.version = self.save_version
        sys.subversion = self.save_subversion
        sys.platform = self.save_platform 

def test_system_alias(self):
        res = platform.system_alias(
            platform.system(),
            platform.release(),
            platform.version(),
        ) 

def test_makepath(self):
        # Test makepath() have an absolute path for its first return value
        # and a case-normalized version of the absolute path for its
        # second value.
        path_parts = ("Beginning", "End")
        original_dir = os.path.join(*path_parts)
        abs_dir, norm_dir = site.makepath(*path_parts)
        self.assertEqual(os.path.abspath(original_dir), abs_dir)
        if original_dir == os.path.normcase(original_dir):
            self.assertEqual(abs_dir, norm_dir)
        else:
            self.assertEqual(os.path.normcase(abs_dir), norm_dir) 

def test_getsitepackages(self):
        site.PREFIXES = ['xoxo']
        dirs = site.getsitepackages()

        if sys.platform in ('os2emx', 'riscos'):
            self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 1)
            wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'Lib', 'site-packages')
            self.assertEqual(dirs[0], wanted)
        elif (sys.platform == "darwin" and
            sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK")):
            # OS X framework builds
            site.PREFIXES = ['Python.framework']
            dirs = site.getsitepackages()
            self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 3)
            wanted = os.path.join('/Library',
                                  sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK"),
                                  sys.version[:3],
                                  'site-packages')
            self.assertEqual(dirs[2], wanted)
        elif os.sep == '/':
            # OS X non-framwework builds, Linux, FreeBSD, etc
            self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 2)
            wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'lib', 'python' + sys.version[:3],
                                  'site-packages')
            self.assertEqual(dirs[0], wanted)
            wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'lib', 'site-python')
            self.assertEqual(dirs[1], wanted)
        else:
            # other platforms
            self.assertEqual(len(dirs), 2)
            self.assertEqual(dirs[0], 'xoxo')
            wanted = os.path.join('xoxo', 'lib', 'site-packages')
            self.assertEqual(dirs[1], wanted) 

def getsitepackages():
    """Returns a list containing all global site-packages directories
    (and possibly site-python).

    For each directory present in the global ``PREFIXES``, this function
    will find its `site-packages` subdirectory depending on the system
    environment, and will return a list of full paths.
    """
    sitepackages = []
    seen = set()

    for prefix in PREFIXES:
        if not prefix or prefix in seen:
            continue
        seen.add(prefix)

        if sys.platform in ('os2emx', 'riscos'):
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "Lib", "site-packages"))
        elif os.sep == '/':
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib",
                                        "python" + sys.version[:3],
                                        "site-packages"))
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "site-python"))
        else:
            sitepackages.append(prefix)
            sitepackages.append(os.path.join(prefix, "lib", "site-packages"))
        if sys.platform == "darwin":
            # for framework builds *only* we add the standard Apple
            # locations.
            from sysconfig import get_config_var
            framework = get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK")
            if framework:
                sitepackages.append(
                        os.path.join("/Library", framework,
                            sys.version[:3], "site-packages"))
    return sitepackages 

def test_tutorial_notebook():
    pytest.importorskip('nbformat')
    pytest.importorskip('nbconvert')
    pytest.importorskip('matplotlib')

    import nbformat
    from nbconvert.preprocessors import ExecutePreprocessor

    rootdir = os.path.join(aospy.__path__[0], 'examples')
    with open(os.path.join(rootdir, 'tutorial.ipynb')) as nb_file:
        notebook = nbformat.read(nb_file, as_version=nbformat.NO_CONVERT)
    kernel_name = 'python' + str(sys.version[0])
    ep = ExecutePreprocessor(kernel_name=kernel_name)
    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
        ep.preprocess(notebook, {}) 

def __init__(self, ffi, preamble, tmpdir=None, modulename=None,
                 ext_package=None, tag='', force_generic_engine=False,
                 source_extension='.c', flags=None, relative_to=None, **kwds):
        if ffi._parser._uses_new_feature:
            raise VerificationError(
                "feature not supported with ffi.verify(), but only "
                "with ffi.set_source(): %s" % (ffi._parser._uses_new_feature,))
        self.ffi = ffi
        self.preamble = preamble
        if not modulename:
            flattened_kwds = ffiplatform.flatten(kwds)
        vengine_class = _locate_engine_class(ffi, force_generic_engine)
        self._vengine = vengine_class(self)
        self._vengine.patch_extension_kwds(kwds)
        self.flags = flags
        self.kwds = self.make_relative_to(kwds, relative_to)
        #
        if modulename:
            if tag:
                raise TypeError("can't specify both 'modulename' and 'tag'")
        else:
            key = '\x00'.join([sys.version[:3], __version_verifier_modules__,
                               preamble, flattened_kwds] +
                              ffi._cdefsources)
            if sys.version_info >= (3,):
                key = key.encode('utf-8')
            k1 = hex(binascii.crc32(key[0::2]) & 0xffffffff)
            k1 = k1.lstrip('0x').rstrip('L')
            k2 = hex(binascii.crc32(key[1::2]) & 0xffffffff)
            k2 = k2.lstrip('0').rstrip('L')
            modulename = '_cffi_%s_%s%s%s' % (tag, self._vengine._class_key,
                                              k1, k2)
        suffix = _get_so_suffixes()[0]
        self.tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
        self.sourcefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + source_extension)
        self.modulefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + suffix)
        self.ext_package = ext_package
        self._has_source = False
        self._has_module = False 

def parse_version(v):
    try:
        return SetuptoolsVersion(v)
    except packaging.version.InvalidVersion:
        return SetuptoolsLegacyVersion(v) 

def with_context(self, required_by):
        """
        If required_by is non-empty, return a version of self that is a
        ContextualVersionConflict.
        """
        if not required_by:
            return self
        args = self.args + (required_by,)
        return ContextualVersionConflict(*args) 

def get_build_platform():
    """Return this platform's string for platform-specific distributions

    XXX Currently this is the same as ``distutils.util.get_platform()``, but it
    needs some hacks for Linux and Mac OS X.
    """
    try:
        # Python 2.7 or >=3.2
        from sysconfig import get_platform
    except ImportError:
        from distutils.util import get_platform

    plat = get_platform()
    if sys.platform == "darwin" and not plat.startswith('macosx-'):
        try:
            version = _macosx_vers()
            machine = os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_")
            return "macosx-%d.%d-%s" % (
                int(version[0]), int(version[1]),
                _macosx_arch(machine),
            )
        except ValueError:
            # if someone is running a non-Mac darwin system, this will fall
            # through to the default implementation
            pass
    return plat 

def find(self, req):
        """Find a distribution matching requirement `req`

        If there is an active distribution for the requested project, this
        returns it as long as it meets the version requirement specified by
        `req`.  But, if there is an active distribution for the project and it
        does *not* meet the `req` requirement, ``VersionConflict`` is raised.
        If there is no active distribution for the requested project, ``None``
        is returned.
        """
        dist = self.by_key.get(req.key)
        if dist is not None and dist not in req:
            # XXX add more info
            raise VersionConflict(dist, req)
        return dist 

def can_add(self, dist):
        """Is distribution `dist` acceptable for this environment?

        The distribution must match the platform and python version
        requirements specified when this environment was created, or False
        is returned.
        """
        py_compat = (
            self.python is None
            or dist.py_version is None
            or dist.py_version == self.python
        )
        return py_compat and compatible_platforms(dist.platform, self.platform) 

def best_match(
            self, req, working_set, installer=None, replace_conflicting=False):
        """Find distribution best matching `req` and usable on `working_set`

        This calls the ``find(req)`` method of the `working_set` to see if a
        suitable distribution is already active.  (This may raise
        ``VersionConflict`` if an unsuitable version of the project is already
        active in the specified `working_set`.)  If a suitable distribution
        isn't active, this method returns the newest distribution in the
        environment that meets the ``Requirement`` in `req`.  If no suitable
        distribution is found, and `installer` is supplied, then the result of
        calling the environment's ``obtain(req, installer)`` method will be
        returned.
        """
        try:
            dist = working_set.find(req)
        except VersionConflict:
            if not replace_conflicting:
                raise
            dist = None
        if dist is not None:
            return dist
        for dist in self[req.key]:
            if dist in req:
                return dist
        # try to download/install
        return self.obtain(req, installer) 

def safe_version(version):
    """
    Convert an arbitrary string to a standard version string
    """
    try:
        # normalize the version
        return str(packaging.version.Version(version))
    except packaging.version.InvalidVersion:
        version = version.replace(' ', '.')
        return re.sub('[^A-Za-z0-9.]+', '-', version) 

def usage(outfile):
    outfile.write("""Usage: %s [OPTIONS] <file> [ARGS]

Meta-options:
--help                Display this help then exit.
--version             Output version information then exit.

Otherwise, exactly one of the following three options must be given:
-t, --trace           Print each line to sys.stdout before it is executed.
-c, --count           Count the number of times each line is executed
                      and write the counts to <module>.cover for each
                      module executed, in the module's directory.
                      See also `--coverdir', `--file', `--no-report' below.
-l, --listfuncs       Keep track of which functions are executed at least
                      once and write the results to sys.stdout after the
                      program exits.
-T, --trackcalls      Keep track of caller/called pairs and write the
                      results to sys.stdout after the program exits.
-r, --report          Generate a report from a counts file; do not execute
                      any code.  `--file' must specify the results file to
                      read, which must have been created in a previous run
                      with `--count --file=FILE'.

Modifiers:
-f, --file=<file>     File to accumulate counts over several runs.
-R, --no-report       Do not generate the coverage report files.
                      Useful if you want to accumulate over several runs.
-C, --coverdir=<dir>  Directory where the report files.  The coverage
                      report for <package>.<module> is written to file
                      <dir>/<package>/<module>.cover.
-m, --missing         Annotate executable lines that were not executed
                      with '>>>>>> '.
-s, --summary         Write a brief summary on stdout for each file.
                      (Can only be used with --count or --report.)
-g, --timing          Prefix each line with the time since the program started.
                      Only used while tracing.

Filters, may be repeated multiple times:
--ignore-module=<mod> Ignore the given module(s) and its submodules
                      (if it is a package).  Accepts comma separated
                      list of module names
--ignore-dir=<dir>    Ignore files in the given directory (multiple
                      directories can be joined by os.pathsep).
""" % sys.argv[0]) 

def interact(self, banner=None):
        """Closely emulate the interactive Python console.

        The optional banner argument specify the banner to print
        before the first interaction; by default it prints a banner
        similar to the one printed by the real Python interpreter,
        followed by the current class name in parentheses (so as not
        to confuse this with the real interpreter -- since it's so
        close!).

        """
        try:
            sys.ps1
        except AttributeError:
            sys.ps1 = ">>> "
        try:
            sys.ps2
        except AttributeError:
            sys.ps2 = "... "
        cprt = 'Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.'
        if banner is None:
            self.write("Python %s on %s\n%s\n(%s)\n" %
                       (sys.version, sys.platform, cprt,
                        self.__class__.__name__))
        else:
            self.write("%s\n" % str(banner))
        more = 0
        while 1:
            try:
                if more:
                    prompt = sys.ps2
                else:
                    prompt = sys.ps1
                try:
                    line = self.raw_input(prompt)
                    # Can be None if sys.stdin was redefined
                    encoding = getattr(sys.stdin, "encoding", None)
                    if encoding and not isinstance(line, unicode):
                        line = line.decode(encoding)
                except EOFError:
                    self.write("\n")
                    break
                else:
                    more = self.push(line)
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                self.write("\nKeyboardInterrupt\n")
                self.resetbuffer()
                more = 0 

def __init__ (self, verbose=0, dry_run=0, force=0):

        UnixCCompiler.__init__ (self, verbose, dry_run, force)

        (status, details) = check_config_h()
        self.debug_print("Python's GCC status: %s (details: %s)" %
                         (status, details))
        if status is not CONFIG_H_OK:
            self.warn(
                "Python's pyconfig.h doesn't seem to support your compiler. "
                "Reason: %s. "
                "Compiling may fail because of undefined preprocessor macros."
                % details)

        self.gcc_version, self.ld_version, self.dllwrap_version = \
            get_versions()
        self.debug_print(self.compiler_type + ": gcc %s, ld %s, dllwrap %s\n" %
                         (self.gcc_version,
                          self.ld_version,
                          self.dllwrap_version) )

        # ld_version >= "2.10.90" and < "2.13" should also be able to use
        # gcc -mdll instead of dllwrap
        # Older dllwraps had own version numbers, newer ones use the
        # same as the rest of binutils ( also ld )
        # dllwrap 2.10.90 is buggy
        if self.ld_version >= "2.10.90":
            self.linker_dll = "gcc"
        else:
            self.linker_dll = "dllwrap"

        # ld_version >= "2.13" support -shared so use it instead of
        # -mdll -static
        if self.ld_version >= "2.13":
            shared_option = "-shared"
        else:
            shared_option = "-mdll -static"

        # Hard-code GCC because that's what this is all about.
        # XXX optimization, warnings etc. should be customizable.
        self.set_executables(compiler='gcc -mcygwin -O -Wall',
                             compiler_so='gcc -mcygwin -mdll -O -Wall',
                             compiler_cxx='g++ -mcygwin -O -Wall',
                             linker_exe='gcc -mcygwin',
                             linker_so=('%s -mcygwin %s' %
                                        (self.linker_dll, shared_option)))

        # cygwin and mingw32 need different sets of libraries
        if self.gcc_version == "2.91.57":
            # cygwin shouldn't need msvcrt, but without the dlls will crash
            # (gcc version 2.91.57) -- perhaps something about initialization
            self.dll_libraries=["msvcrt"]
            self.warn(
                "Consider upgrading to a newer version of gcc")
        else:
            # Include the appropriate MSVC runtime library if Python was built
            # with MSVC 7.0 or later.
            self.dll_libraries = get_msvcr()

    # __init__ () 

def __init__ (self,
                  verbose=0,
                  dry_run=0,
                  force=0):

        CygwinCCompiler.__init__ (self, verbose, dry_run, force)

        # ld_version >= "2.13" support -shared so use it instead of
        # -mdll -static
        if self.ld_version >= "2.13":
            shared_option = "-shared"
        else:
            shared_option = "-mdll -static"

        # A real mingw32 doesn't need to specify a different entry point,
        # but cygwin 2.91.57 in no-cygwin-mode needs it.
        if self.gcc_version <= "2.91.57":
            entry_point = '--entry _DllMain@12'
        else:
            entry_point = ''

        if self.gcc_version < '4' or is_cygwingcc():
            no_cygwin = ' -mno-cygwin'
        else:
            no_cygwin = ''

        self.set_executables(compiler='gcc%s -O -Wall' % no_cygwin,
                             compiler_so='gcc%s -mdll -O -Wall' % no_cygwin,
                             compiler_cxx='g++%s -O -Wall' % no_cygwin,
                             linker_exe='gcc%s' % no_cygwin,
                             linker_so='%s%s %s %s'
                                    % (self.linker_dll, no_cygwin,
                                       shared_option, entry_point))
        # Maybe we should also append -mthreads, but then the finished
        # dlls need another dll (mingwm10.dll see Mingw32 docs)
        # (-mthreads: Support thread-safe exception handling on `Mingw32')

        # no additional libraries needed
        self.dll_libraries=[]

        # Include the appropriate MSVC runtime library if Python was built
        # with MSVC 7.0 or later.
        self.dll_libraries = get_msvcr()

    # __init__ ()

# class Mingw32CCompiler

# Because these compilers aren't configured in Python's pyconfig.h file by
# default, we should at least warn the user if he is using a unmodified
# version. 

def check_config_h():

    """Check if the current Python installation (specifically, pyconfig.h)
    appears amenable to building extensions with GCC.  Returns a tuple
    (status, details), where 'status' is one of the following constants:
      CONFIG_H_OK
        all is well, go ahead and compile
      CONFIG_H_NOTOK
        doesn't look good
      CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN
        not sure -- unable to read pyconfig.h
    'details' is a human-readable string explaining the situation.

    Note there are two ways to conclude "OK": either 'sys.version' contains
    the string "GCC" (implying that this Python was built with GCC), or the
    installed "pyconfig.h" contains the string "__GNUC__".
    """

    # XXX since this function also checks sys.version, it's not strictly a
    # "pyconfig.h" check -- should probably be renamed...

    from distutils import sysconfig
    import string
    # if sys.version contains GCC then python was compiled with
    # GCC, and the pyconfig.h file should be OK
    if string.find(sys.version,"GCC") >= 0:
        return (CONFIG_H_OK, "sys.version mentions 'GCC'")

    fn = sysconfig.get_config_h_filename()
    try:
        # It would probably better to read single lines to search.
        # But we do this only once, and it is fast enough
        f = open(fn)
        try:
            s = f.read()
        finally:
            f.close()

    except IOError, exc:
        # if we can't read this file, we cannot say it is wrong
        # the compiler will complain later about this file as missing
        return (CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN,
                "couldn't read '%s': %s" % (fn, exc.strerror)) 

def get_versions():
    """ Try to find out the versions of gcc, ld and dllwrap.
        If not possible it returns None for it.
    """
    from distutils.version import LooseVersion
    from distutils.spawn import find_executable
    import re

    gcc_exe = find_executable('gcc')
    if gcc_exe:
        out = os.popen(gcc_exe + ' -dumpversion','r')
        out_string = out.read()
        out.close()
        result = re.search('(\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)*)',out_string)
        if result:
            gcc_version = LooseVersion(result.group(1))
        else:
            gcc_version = None
    else:
        gcc_version = None
    ld_exe = find_executable('ld')
    if ld_exe:
        out = os.popen(ld_exe + ' -v','r')
        out_string = out.read()
        out.close()
        result = re.search('(\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)*)',out_string)
        if result:
            ld_version = LooseVersion(result.group(1))
        else:
            ld_version = None
    else:
        ld_version = None
    dllwrap_exe = find_executable('dllwrap')
    if dllwrap_exe:
        out = os.popen(dllwrap_exe + ' --version','r')
        out_string = out.read()
        out.close()
        result = re.search(' (\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)*)',out_string)
        if result:
            dllwrap_version = LooseVersion(result.group(1))
        else:
            dllwrap_version = None
    else:
        dllwrap_version = None
    return (gcc_version, ld_version, dllwrap_version) 

def check_config_h():

    """Check if the current Python installation (specifically, pyconfig.h)
    appears amenable to building extensions with GCC.  Returns a tuple
    (status, details), where 'status' is one of the following constants:
      CONFIG_H_OK
        all is well, go ahead and compile
      CONFIG_H_NOTOK
        doesn't look good
      CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN
        not sure -- unable to read pyconfig.h
    'details' is a human-readable string explaining the situation.

    Note there are two ways to conclude "OK": either 'sys.version' contains
    the string "GCC" (implying that this Python was built with GCC), or the
    installed "pyconfig.h" contains the string "__GNUC__".
    """

    # XXX since this function also checks sys.version, it's not strictly a
    # "pyconfig.h" check -- should probably be renamed...

    from distutils import sysconfig
    import string
    # if sys.version contains GCC then python was compiled with
    # GCC, and the pyconfig.h file should be OK
    if string.find(sys.version,"GCC") >= 0:
        return (CONFIG_H_OK, "sys.version mentions 'GCC'")

    fn = sysconfig.get_config_h_filename()
    try:
        # It would probably better to read single lines to search.
        # But we do this only once, and it is fast enough
        f = open(fn)
        try:
            s = f.read()
        finally:
            f.close()

    except IOError, exc:
        # if we can't read this file, we cannot say it is wrong
        # the compiler will complain later about this file as missing
        return (CONFIG_H_UNCERTAIN,
                "couldn't read '%s': %s" % (fn, exc.strerror)) 

def add_files(self):
        db = self.db
        cab = msilib.CAB("distfiles")
        rootdir = os.path.abspath(self.bdist_dir)

        root = Directory(db, cab, None, rootdir, "TARGETDIR", "SourceDir")
        f = Feature(db, "Python", "Python", "Everything",
                    0, 1, directory="TARGETDIR")

        items = [(f, root, '')]
        for version in self.versions + [self.other_version]:
            target = "TARGETDIR" + version
            name = default = "Python" + version
            desc = "Everything"
            if version is self.other_version:
                title = "Python from another location"
                level = 2
            else:
                title = "Python %s from registry" % version
                level = 1
            f = Feature(db, name, title, desc, 1, level, directory=target)
            dir = Directory(db, cab, root, rootdir, target, default)
            items.append((f, dir, version))
        db.Commit()

        seen = {}
        for feature, dir, version in items:
            todo = [dir]
            while todo:
                dir = todo.pop()
                for file in os.listdir(dir.absolute):
                    afile = os.path.join(dir.absolute, file)
                    if os.path.isdir(afile):
                        short = "%s|%s" % (dir.make_short(file), file)
                        default = file + version
                        newdir = Directory(db, cab, dir, file, default, short)
                        todo.append(newdir)
                    else:
                        if not dir.component:
                            dir.start_component(dir.logical, feature, 0)
                        if afile not in seen:
                            key = seen[afile] = dir.add_file(file)
                            if file==self.install_script:
                                if self.install_script_key:
                                    raise DistutilsOptionError(
                                          "Multiple files with name %s" % file)
                                self.install_script_key = '[#%s]' % key
                        else:
                            key = seen[afile]
                            add_data(self.db, "DuplicateFile",
                                [(key + version, dir.component, key, None, dir.logical)])
            db.Commit()
        cab.commit(db) 

def get_inidata (self):
        # Return data describing the installation.

        lines = []
        metadata = self.distribution.metadata

        # Write the [metadata] section.
        lines.append("[metadata]")

        # 'info' will be displayed in the installer's dialog box,
        # describing the items to be installed.
        info = (metadata.long_description or '') + '\n'

        # Escape newline characters
        def escape(s):
            return string.replace(s, "\n", "\\n")

        for name in ["author", "author_email", "description", "maintainer",
                     "maintainer_email", "name", "url", "version"]:
            data = getattr(metadata, name, "")
            if data:
                info = info + ("\n    %s: %s" % \
                               (string.capitalize(name), escape(data)))
                lines.append("%s=%s" % (name, escape(data)))

        # The [setup] section contains entries controlling
        # the installer runtime.
        lines.append("\n[Setup]")
        if self.install_script:
            lines.append("install_script=%s" % self.install_script)
        lines.append("info=%s" % escape(info))
        lines.append("target_compile=%d" % (not self.no_target_compile))
        lines.append("target_optimize=%d" % (not self.no_target_optimize))
        if self.target_version:
            lines.append("target_version=%s" % self.target_version)
        if self.user_access_control:
            lines.append("user_access_control=%s" % self.user_access_control)

        title = self.title or self.distribution.get_fullname()
        lines.append("title=%s" % escape(title))
        import time
        import distutils
        build_info = "Built %s with distutils-%s" % \
                     (time.ctime(time.time()), distutils.__version__)
        lines.append("build_info=%s" % build_info)
        return string.join(lines, "\n")

    # get_inidata() 

def get_exe_bytes (self):
        from distutils.msvccompiler import get_build_version
        # If a target-version other than the current version has been
        # specified, then using the MSVC version from *this* build is no good.
        # Without actually finding and executing the target version and parsing
        # its sys.version, we just hard-code our knowledge of old versions.
        # NOTE: Possible alternative is to allow "--target-version" to
        # specify a Python executable rather than a simple version string.
        # We can then execute this program to obtain any info we need, such
        # as the real sys.version string for the build.
        cur_version = get_python_version()
        if self.target_version and self.target_version != cur_version:
            # If the target version is *later* than us, then we assume they
            # use what we use
            # string compares seem wrong, but are what sysconfig.py itself uses
            if self.target_version > cur_version:
                bv = get_build_version()
            else:
                if self.target_version < "2.4":
                    bv = 6.0
                else:
                    bv = 7.1
        else:
            # for current version - use authoritative check.
            bv = get_build_version()

        # wininst-x.y.exe is in the same directory as this file
        directory = os.path.dirname(__file__)
        # we must use a wininst-x.y.exe built with the same C compiler
        # used for python.  XXX What about mingw, borland, and so on?

        # if plat_name starts with "win" but is not "win32"
        # we want to strip "win" and leave the rest (e.g. -amd64)
        # for all other cases, we don't want any suffix
        if self.plat_name != 'win32' and self.plat_name[:3] == 'win':
            sfix = self.plat_name[3:]
        else:
            sfix = ''

        filename = os.path.join(directory, "wininst-%.1f%s.exe" % (bv, sfix))
        f = open(filename, "rb")
        try:
            return f.read()
        finally:
            f.close()
# class bdist_wininst 

def find_vcvarsall(version):
    """Find the vcvarsall.bat file

    At first it tries to find the productdir of VS 2008 in the registry. If
    that fails it falls back to the VS90COMNTOOLS env var.
    """
    vsbase = VS_BASE % version
    try:
        productdir = Reg.get_value(r"%s\Setup\VC" % vsbase,
                                   "productdir")
    except KeyError:
        productdir = None

    # trying Express edition
    if productdir is None:
        vsbase = VSEXPRESS_BASE % version
        try:
            productdir = Reg.get_value(r"%s\Setup\VC" % vsbase,
                                       "productdir")
        except KeyError:
            productdir = None
            log.debug("Unable to find productdir in registry")

    if not productdir or not os.path.isdir(productdir):
        toolskey = "VS%0.f0COMNTOOLS" % version
        toolsdir = os.environ.get(toolskey, None)

        if toolsdir and os.path.isdir(toolsdir):
            productdir = os.path.join(toolsdir, os.pardir, os.pardir, "VC")
            productdir = os.path.abspath(productdir)
            if not os.path.isdir(productdir):
                log.debug("%s is not a valid directory" % productdir)
                return None
        else:
            log.debug("Env var %s is not set or invalid" % toolskey)
    if not productdir:
        log.debug("No productdir found")
        return None
    vcvarsall = os.path.join(productdir, "vcvarsall.bat")
    if os.path.isfile(vcvarsall):
        return vcvarsall
    log.debug("Unable to find vcvarsall.bat")
    return None 

def libc_ver(executable=sys.executable,lib='',version='',

             chunksize=2048):

    """ Tries to determine the libc version that the file executable
        (which defaults to the Python interpreter) is linked against.

        Returns a tuple of strings (lib,version) which default to the
        given parameters in case the lookup fails.

        Note that the function has intimate knowledge of how different
        libc versions add symbols to the executable and thus is probably
        only useable for executables compiled using gcc.

        The file is read and scanned in chunks of chunksize bytes.

    """
    if hasattr(os.path, 'realpath'):
        # Python 2.2 introduced os.path.realpath(); it is used
        # here to work around problems with Cygwin not being
        # able to open symlinks for reading
        executable = os.path.realpath(executable)
    f = open(executable,'rb')
    binary = f.read(chunksize)
    pos = 0
    while 1:
        m = _libc_search.search(binary,pos)
        if not m:
            binary = f.read(chunksize)
            if not binary:
                break
            pos = 0
            continue
        libcinit,glibc,glibcversion,so,threads,soversion = m.groups()
        if libcinit and not lib:
            lib = 'libc'
        elif glibc:
            if lib != 'glibc':
                lib = 'glibc'
                version = glibcversion
            elif glibcversion > version:
                version = glibcversion
        elif so:
            if lib != 'glibc':
                lib = 'libc'
                if soversion and soversion > version:
                    version = soversion
                if threads and version[-len(threads):] != threads:
                    version = version + threads
        pos = m.end()
    f.close()
    return lib,version 

def _dist_try_harder(distname,version,id):

    """ Tries some special tricks to get the distribution
        information in case the default method fails.

        Currently supports older SuSE Linux, Caldera OpenLinux and
        Slackware Linux distributions.

    """
    if os.path.exists('/var/adm/inst-log/info'):
        # SuSE Linux stores distribution information in that file
        info = open('/var/adm/inst-log/info').readlines()
        distname = 'SuSE'
        for line in info:
            tv = string.split(line)
            if len(tv) == 2:
                tag,value = tv
            else:
                continue
            if tag == 'MIN_DIST_VERSION':
                version = string.strip(value)
            elif tag == 'DIST_IDENT':
                values = string.split(value,'-')
                id = values[2]
        return distname,version,id

    if os.path.exists('/etc/.installed'):
        # Caldera OpenLinux has some infos in that file (thanks to Colin Kong)
        info = open('/etc/.installed').readlines()
        for line in info:
            pkg = string.split(line,'-')
            if len(pkg) >= 2 and pkg[0] == 'OpenLinux':
                # XXX does Caldera support non Intel platforms ? If yes,
                #     where can we find the needed id ?
                return 'OpenLinux',pkg[1],id

    if os.path.isdir('/usr/lib/setup'):
        # Check for slackware version tag file (thanks to Greg Andruk)
        verfiles = os.listdir('/usr/lib/setup')
        for n in range(len(verfiles)-1, -1, -1):
            if verfiles[n][:14] != 'slack-version-':
                del verfiles[n]
        if verfiles:
            verfiles.sort()
            distname = 'slackware'
            version = verfiles[-1][14:]
            return distname,version,id

    return distname,version,id 

def linux_distribution(distname='', version='', id='',

                       supported_dists=_supported_dists,
                       full_distribution_name=1):

    """ Tries to determine the name of the Linux OS distribution name.

        The function first looks for a distribution release file in
        /etc and then reverts to _dist_try_harder() in case no
        suitable files are found.

        supported_dists may be given to define the set of Linux
        distributions to look for. It defaults to a list of currently
        supported Linux distributions identified by their release file
        name.

        If full_distribution_name is true (default), the full
        distribution read from the OS is returned. Otherwise the short
        name taken from supported_dists is used.

        Returns a tuple (distname,version,id) which default to the
        args given as parameters.

    """
    try:
        etc = os.listdir('/etc')
    except os.error:
        # Probably not a Unix system
        return distname,version,id
    etc.sort()
    for file in etc:
        m = _release_filename.match(file)
        if m is not None:
            _distname,dummy = m.groups()
            if _distname in supported_dists:
                distname = _distname
                break
    else:
        return _dist_try_harder(distname,version,id)

    # Read the first line
    f = open('/etc/'+file, 'r')
    firstline = f.readline()
    f.close()
    _distname, _version, _id = _parse_release_file(firstline)

    if _distname and full_distribution_name:
        distname = _distname
    if _version:
        version = _version
    if _id:
        id = _id
    return distname, version, id

# To maintain backwards compatibility: 

def system_alias(system,release,version):

    """ Returns (system,release,version) aliased to common
        marketing names used for some systems.

        It also does some reordering of the information in some cases
        where it would otherwise cause confusion.

    """
    if system == 'Rhapsody':
        # Apple's BSD derivative
        # XXX How can we determine the marketing release number ?
        return 'MacOS X Server',system+release,version

    elif system == 'SunOS':
        # Sun's OS
        if release < '5':
            # These releases use the old name SunOS
            return system,release,version
        # Modify release (marketing release = SunOS release - 3)
        l = string.split(release,'.')
        if l:
            try:
                major = int(l[0])
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                major = major - 3
                l[0] = str(major)
                release = string.join(l,'.')
        if release < '6':
            system = 'Solaris'
        else:
            # XXX Whatever the new SunOS marketing name is...
            system = 'Solaris'

    elif system == 'IRIX64':
        # IRIX reports IRIX64 on platforms with 64-bit support; yet it
        # is really a version and not a different platform, since 32-bit
        # apps are also supported..
        system = 'IRIX'
        if version:
            version = version + ' (64bit)'
        else:
            version = '64bit'

    elif system in ('win32','win16'):
        # In case one of the other tricks
        system = 'Windows'

    return system,release,version

### Various internal helpers 

def render_testapp(req):
    try:
        import pkg_resources
    except ImportError:
        eggs = ()
    else:
        eggs = sorted(pkg_resources.working_set,
                      key=lambda x: x.project_name.lower())
    python_eggs = []
    for egg in eggs:
        try:
            version = egg.version
        except (ValueError, AttributeError):
            version = 'unknown'
        python_eggs.append('<li>%s <small>[%s]</small>' % (
            escape(egg.project_name),
            escape(version)
        ))

    wsgi_env = []
    sorted_environ = sorted(req.environ.items(),
                            key=lambda x: repr(x[0]).lower())
    for key, value in sorted_environ:
        wsgi_env.append('<tr><th>%s<td><code>%s</code>' % (
            escape(str(key)),
            ' '.join(wrap(escape(repr(value))))
        ))

    sys_path = []
    for item, virtual, expanded in iter_sys_path():
        class_ = []
        if virtual:
            class_.append('virtual')
        if expanded:
            class_.append('exp')
        sys_path.append('<li%s>%s' % (
            class_ and ' class="%s"' % ' '.join(class_) or '',
            escape(item)
        ))

    return (TEMPLATE % {
        'python_version':   '<br>'.join(escape(sys.version).splitlines()),
        'platform':         escape(sys.platform),
        'os':               escape(os.name),
        'api_version':      sys.api_version,
        'byteorder':        sys.byteorder,
        'werkzeug_version': werkzeug.__version__,
        'python_eggs':      '\n'.join(python_eggs),
        'wsgi_env':         '\n'.join(wsgi_env),
        'sys_path':         '\n'.join(sys_path)
    }).encode('utf-8') 

def render_testapp(req):
    try:
        import pkg_resources
    except ImportError:
        eggs = ()
    else:
        eggs = sorted(pkg_resources.working_set,
                      key=lambda x: x.project_name.lower())
    python_eggs = []
    for egg in eggs:
        try:
            version = egg.version
        except (ValueError, AttributeError):
            version = 'unknown'
        python_eggs.append('<li>%s <small>[%s]</small>' % (
            escape(egg.project_name),
            escape(version)
        ))

    wsgi_env = []
    sorted_environ = sorted(req.environ.items(),
                            key=lambda x: repr(x[0]).lower())
    for key, value in sorted_environ:
        wsgi_env.append('<tr><th>%s<td><code>%s</code>' % (
            escape(str(key)),
            ' '.join(wrap(escape(repr(value))))
        ))

    sys_path = []
    for item, virtual, expanded in iter_sys_path():
        class_ = []
        if virtual:
            class_.append('virtual')
        if expanded:
            class_.append('exp')
        sys_path.append('<li%s>%s' % (
            class_ and ' class="%s"' % ' '.join(class_) or '',
            escape(item)
        ))

    return (TEMPLATE % {
        'python_version':   '<br>'.join(escape(sys.version).splitlines()),
        'platform':         escape(sys.platform),
        'os':               escape(os.name),
        'api_version':      sys.api_version,
        'byteorder':        sys.byteorder,
        'werkzeug_version': werkzeug.__version__,
        'python_eggs':      '\n'.join(python_eggs),
        'wsgi_env':         '\n'.join(wsgi_env),
        'sys_path':         '\n'.join(sys_path)
    }).encode('utf-8') 

def __iter__(self):
        component_re = re.compile(r'(\d+ | [a-z]+ | \.| -)', re.VERBOSE)
        replace = {
            'pre': 'c',
            'preview': 'c',
            '-': 'final-',
            'rc': 'c',
            'dev': '@',
        }.get

        def _parse_version_parts(s):
            for part in component_re.split(s):
                part = replace(part, part)
                if not part or part == '.':
                    continue
                if part[:1] in '0123456789':
                    # pad for numeric comparison
                    yield part.zfill(8)
                else:
                    yield '*' + part

            # ensure that alpha/beta/candidate are before final
            yield '*final'

        def old_parse_version(s):
            parts = []
            for part in _parse_version_parts(s.lower()):
                if part.startswith('*'):
                    # remove '-' before a prerelease tag
                    if part < '*final':
                        while parts and parts[-1] == '*final-':
                            parts.pop()
                    # remove trailing zeros from each series of numeric parts
                    while parts and parts[-1] == '00000000':
                        parts.pop()
                parts.append(part)
            return tuple(parts)

        # Warn for use of this function
        warnings.warn(
            "You have iterated over the result of "
            "pkg_resources.parse_version. This is a legacy behavior which is "
            "inconsistent with the new version class introduced in setuptools "
            "8.0. In most cases, conversion to a tuple is unnecessary. For "
            "comparison of versions, sort the Version instances directly. If "
            "you have another use case requiring the tuple, please file a "
            "bug with the setuptools project describing that need.",
            RuntimeWarning,
            stacklevel=1,
        )

        for part in old_parse_version(str(self)):
            yield part 

def compatible_platforms(provided, required):
    """Can code for the `provided` platform run on the `required` platform?

    Returns true if either platform is ``None``, or the platforms are equal.

    XXX Needs compatibility checks for Linux and other unixy OSes.
    """
    if provided is None or required is None or provided == required:
        # easy case
        return True

    # Mac OS X special cases
    reqMac = macosVersionString.match(required)
    if reqMac:
        provMac = macosVersionString.match(provided)

        # is this a Mac package?
        if not provMac:
            # this is backwards compatibility for packages built before
            # setuptools 0.6. All packages built after this point will
            # use the new macosx designation.
            provDarwin = darwinVersionString.match(provided)
            if provDarwin:
                dversion = int(provDarwin.group(1))
                macosversion = "%s.%s" % (reqMac.group(1), reqMac.group(2))
                if dversion == 7 and macosversion >= "10.3" or \
                        dversion == 8 and macosversion >= "10.4":
                    return True
            # egg isn't macosx or legacy darwin
            return False

        # are they the same major version and machine type?
        if provMac.group(1) != reqMac.group(1) or \
                provMac.group(3) != reqMac.group(3):
            return False

        # is the required OS major update >= the provided one?
        if int(provMac.group(2)) > int(reqMac.group(2)):
            return False

        return True

    # XXX Linux and other platforms' special cases should go here
    return False