pymongo-schema

A schema analyser for MongoDB, written in Python.

This tool allows you to extract your application's schema, directly from your MongoDB data. It comes with powerful schema manipulation and export functionalities.

It will be particularly useful when you inherit a data dump, and want to quickly learn how the data is structured.

pymongo-schema allows to map your MongoDB data model to a relational (SQL) data model. This greatly helps to configure mongo-connector-postgresql, a tool to synchronize data from MongoDB to a target PostgreSQL database.

It also helps you to compare different versions of your data model.

This tools is inspired by variety, with the following enhancement

extract the hierarchical structure of the schema
versatile output options : json, yaml, tsv, markdown or htlm
finer grained types. ex: INTEGER, DOUBLE rather than NUMBER
filtering of the output schema, using a namespace as defined by mongo-connector
mapping to a relational schema
comparison of successive schema

Install

Before distribution of a stable distribution on PyPi, you can install pymongo-schema from github :

pip install --upgrade https://github.com/pajachiet/pymongo-schema/archive/master.zip

Usage

Command line

python -m pymongo_schema -h
usage: [-h] [--quiet] {extract,transform,tosql,compare} ...

commands:
  {extract,transform,tosql,compare}
    extract             Extract schema from a MongoDB instance
    transform           Transform a json schema to another format, potentially
                        filtering or changing columns outputs
    tosql               Create a mapping from mongo schema to relational
                        schema (json input and output)
    compare             Compare two schemas

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --quiet               Remove logging on standard output

Usage:
    python -m pymongo_schema extract -h
    usage:  [-h] [-f [FORMATS [FORMATS ...]]] [-o OUTPUT] [--port PORT] [--host HOST]
                 [-d [DATABASES [DATABASES ...]]] [-c [COLLECTIONS [COLLECTIONS ...]]]
                 [--columns COLUMNS [COLUMNS ...]] [--without-counts]

    python -m pymongo_schema transform -h
    usage: [-h] [-f [FORMATS [FORMATS ...]]] [-o OUTPUT] [--category CATEGORY] [-n FILTER]
                [--columns COLUMNS [COLUMNS ...]] [--without-counts] [input]

    python -m pymongo_schema tosql -h
    usage: [-h] [-f [FORMATS [FORMATS ...]]] [--columns COLUMNS [COLUMNS ...]]
                [--without-counts] [-o OUTPUT] [input]

    python -m pymongo_schema compare -h
    usage: [-h] [-f [FORMATS [FORMATS ...]]] [-o OUTPUT] [input]
                [--columns COLUMNS [COLUMNS ...]] [--without-counts]
                [--detailed_diff] prev_schema [new_schema]

To display full usage, with options description, run:

pymongo-schema <command> -h

Python package

pymongo_schema modules can also be imported to be used directly inside python code :

from pymongo_schema.compare import compare_schemas_bases
from pymongo_schema.export import transform_data_to_file
from pymongo_schema.extract import extract_pymongo_client_schema
from pymongo_schema.filter import filter_mongo_schema_namespaces
from pymongo_schema.tosql import mongo_schema_to_mapping

Fore more details, refer to modules and functions docstrings.

Examples

First, lets populate a collection in test database from mongo shell

db.users.insert({name: "Tom", bio: "A nice guy.", pets: ["monkey", "fish"], someWeirdLegacyKey: "I like Ike!"})
db.users.insert({name: "Dick", bio: "I swordfight.", birthday: new Date("1974/03/14")})
db.users.insert({name: "Harry", pets: "egret", birthday: new Date("1984/03/14"), location:{country:"France", city: "Lyon"}})
db.users.insert({name: "Geneviève", bio: "Ça va?", location:{country:"France", city: "Nantes"}})
db.users.insert({name: "MadJacques", location:{country:"France", city: "Paris"}})

Bash api examples

Easy examples

Extract the schema from this database, with a json format on standard output

$ python -m pymongo_schema extract --database test
=== Start MongoDB schema analysis
Extract schema of database test
...collection users
   scanned 5 documents out of 5 (100.00 %)
--- MongoDB schema analysis took 0.00 s
=== Write output

{"test": {
    "users": {
        "object": {"_id": {"prop_in_object": 1.0, "count": 5, "type": "oid", "types_count": {"oid": 5}},
                   "pets": {"array_types_count": {"string": 2}, "prop_in_object": 0.4, "count": 2, "array_type": "string", "type": "ARRAY", "types_count": {"string": 1, "ARRAY": 1}},
                   "birthday": {"prop_in_object": 0.4, "count": 2, "type": "date", "types_count": {"date": 2}},
                   "name": {"prop_in_object": 1.0, "count": 5, "type": "string", "types_count": {"string": 5}},
                   "bio": {"prop_in_object": 0.6, "count": 3, "type": "string", "types_count": {"string": 3}},
                   "someWeirdLegacyKey": {"prop_in_object": 0.2, "count": 1, "type": "string", "types_count": {"string": 1}},
                   "location": {"object": {"country": {"prop_in_object": 1.0, "count": 3, "type": "string", "types_count": {"string": 3}},
                                           "city": {"prop_in_object": 1.0, "count": 3, "type": "string", "types_count": {"string": 3}}},
                                "types_count": {"OBJECT": 3}, "prop_in_object": 0.6, "type": "OBJECT", "count": 3}},
        "count": 5}}}

Extract the same schema in md format.

$ python -m pymongo_schema extract --database test --format md
=== Start MongoDB schema analysis
Extract schema of database test
...collection users
   scanned 5 documents out of 5 (100.00 %)
--- MongoDB schema analysis took 0.00 s
=== Write output

### Database: test
#### Collection: users 
|Field_compact_name     |Field_name             |Count     |Percentage     |Types_count                           |
|-----------------------|-----------------------|----------|---------------|--------------------------------------|
|_id                    |_id                    |5         |100.0          |oid : 5                               |
|name                   |name                   |5         |100.0          |string : 5                            |
|bio                    |bio                    |3         |60.0           |string : 3                            |
|location               |location               |3         |60.0           |OBJECT : 3                            |
| . city                |city                   |3         |100.0          |string : 3                            |
| . country             |country                |3         |100.0          |string : 3                            |
|birthday               |birthday               |2         |40.0           |date : 2                              |
|pets                   |pets                   |2         |40.0           |ARRAY(string : 2) : 1, string : 1     |
|someWeirdLegacyKey     |someWeirdLegacyKey     |1         |20.0           |string : 1                            |

Map this schema to a relational mapping

$ python -m pymongo_schema extract --database test | python -m pymongo_schema tosql
=== Start MongoDB schema analysis
Extract schema of database test
...collection users
   scanned 5 documents out of 5 (100.00 %)
--- MongoDB schema analysis took 0.00 s
=== Write output
=== Generate mapping from mongo to sql
=== Write output

{"test":
 {"users":
      {"_id": {"type": "TEXT", "dest": "_id"},
       "pets": {"valueField": "pets", "fk": "id_users", "type": "_ARRAY_OF_SCALARS", "dest": "users__pets"},
       "location.city": {"type": "TEXT", "dest": "location__city"},
       "name": {"type": "TEXT", "dest": "name"},
       "someWeirdLegacyKey": {"type": "TEXT", "dest": "someWeirdLegacyKey"},
       "pk": "_id",
       "bio": {"type": "TEXT", "dest": "bio"},
       "birthday": {"type": "TIMESTAMP", "dest": "birthday"},
       "location.country": {"type": "TEXT", "dest": "location__country"}},
  "users__pets": {"id_users": {"type": "TEXT"},
                  "pets": {"type": "TEXT", "dest": "pets"},
                  "pk": "_id_postgres"}}}

Other examples

extract: Extract the schema for collections test_collection_1 and test_collection_2 from test_db and write it into mongo_schema.html and mongo_schema.json files

    python -m pymongo_schema extract --databases test_db --collections test_collection_1 test_collection_2 --output mongo_schema --format html json

transform: Filter extracted schema (mongo_schema.json) using namespace.json file and write output into mongo_schema_filtered.html, mongo_schema_filtered.csv and mongo_schema_filtered.json files

    python -m pymongo_schema transform mongo_schema.json --filter namespace.json --output mongo_schema_filtered --format html csv json

tosql: Create mapping file based on mongo_schema_filtered.json

    python -m pymongo_schema tosql mongo_schema_filtered.json --output mapping.json

Python api examples

Extract the schemas of all collections and all databases in a MongoDB instance:

import pymongo
from pymongo_schema.extract import extract_pymongo_client_schema

with pymongo.MongoClient() as client:
    schema = extract_pymongo_client_schema(client)

Arguments can be specified to extract only some databases and some collections. See code documentation for more details.

Filter extract schema with a namespace:

import json
from pymongo_schema.filter import filter_mongo_schema_namespaces

# assuming a namespace is defined in a file named namespace.json
with open("namespace.json") as f:
    namespace = json.load(f)

schema_filtered = filter_mongo_schema_namespaces(schema, namespace)

Save filtered_schema (could be used for schema) to file in json and md formats in a docs directory:

from pymongo_schema.export import transform_data_to_file

transform_data_to_file(schema_filtered, ['json', 'md'], output='docs/schema_filtered')

Compare filtered_schema (could be used for schema) to another (previous for example) schema:

from pymongo_schema.compare import compare_schemas_bases

# assuming a namespace is defined in a file named namespace.json
with open("old_schema_filtered.json") as f:
    old_schema_filtered = json.load(f)

differences = compare_schemas_bases(old_schema_filtered, schema_filtered)

Save differences to file in json and md formats in a docs directory:

transform_data_to_file(differences, ['json', 'md'], output='docs/diff', category='diff')

Transform filtered_schema to a relational mapping:

from pymongo_schema.tosql import mongo_schema_to_mapping

mapping = mongo_schema_to_mapping(schema_filtered)

Save mapping to file in json and md formats in a docs directory:

transform_data_to_file(mapping, ['json', 'md'], output='docs/mapping', category='mapping')

Schema

We define 'schema' as a dictionary describing the structure of MongoDB component, being either a MongoDB instances, a database, a collection, an objects or a field.

Schema are hierarchically nested, with the following structure :

# mongo_schema : A MongoDB instance contains databases
{
    "database_name_1": {}, #database_schema,
    "database_name_2": # A database contains collections
    { 
        "collection_name_1": {}, # collection_schema,
        "collection_name_2": # A collection maintains a 'count' and contains 1 object
        { 
            "count" : int, 
            "object":  # object_schema : An object contains fields.            
             {
                "field_name_1" : {}, # field_schema, 
                "field_name_2": # A field maintains 'types_count_information
                                # An optional 'array_types_count' field maintains 'types_count' information for values encountered in arrays 
                                # An 'OBJECT' or 'ARRAY(OBJECT)' field recursively contains 1 'object'
                {
                    'count': int,
                    'prop_in_object': float,
                    'type': 'type_str', 
                    'types_count': {  # count for each encountered type  
                        'type_str' : 13,
                        'Null' : 3
                    }, 
                    'array_type': 'type_str',
                    'array_types_count': {  # (optional) count for each type encountered  in arrays
                        'type_str' : 7,
                        'Null' : 3
                    }, 
                    'object': {}, # (optional) object_schema 
                } 
            } 
        }
    }           
}

Contributing - Limitations - TODO

The code base should be easy to read and improve upon. Contributions are welcomed.

Mixed types handling

pymongo-schema handles mixed types by looking for the lowest common parent type in the following tree.

If a field contains both arrays and scalars, it is considered as an array. The 'array_type' is defined as the common parent type of scalars and array_types encountered in this field.

TODO

Improve mapping from Python type to name (TYPE_TO_STR dict)
- see documentation: bson-types, spec
Check a mongo scheme for compatibility to an sql mapping
Handle incompatibilities

Support Python 3 version

fix encoding issues when exporting manually added non-ascii characters

Diff between schemas

A way to compare the schema dictionaries and highlights the differences.

Test if a mongo schema can be mapped tosql

test for the presence of mongo types in the mapping
look for mixes of list and scalar, that are currently not supported by mongo-connector-postgresql
look for the presence of an '_id'

=> It may be donne directly in mongo-connector-postgresql doc_manager

Adding fields in json/yaml outputs

for example to add comments

Other option to sort text outputs

It is currently based on counts and then alphabetically.

Tackle bigger databases

This code has been only used on a relatively small sized Mongo database, on which it was faster than Variety.

To tackle bigger databases, it certainly would be usefull to implement the following variety's features :

Analyze subsets of documents, most recent documents, or documents to a maximum depth.

Tests

The codebase is still under development. It should not be trusted blindly.

Distribution

Will be distributed in PyPi