The aim of this project is to provide a robust, cross-platform and
cross-version implementation of the ProcessPoolExecutor class of
concurrent.futures. It notably features:
Consistent and robust spawn behavior: All processes are started
using fork + exec on POSIX systems. This ensures safer interactions with
third party libraries. On the contrary, multiprocessing.Pool uses
fork without exec by default, causing third party runtimes to crash
(e.g. OpenMP, macOS Accelerate...).
Reusable executor: strategy to avoid re-spawning a complete executor every time. A singleton executor instance can be reused (and dynamically resized if necessary) across consecutive calls to limit spawning and shutdown overhead. The worker processes can be shutdown automatically after a configurable idling timeout to free system resources.
Transparent cloudpickle integration: to call interactively defined functions and lambda expressions in parallel. It is also possible to register a custom pickler implementation to handle inter-process communications.
No need for ``if name == "main":`` in scripts: thanks
to the use of cloudpickle to call functions defined in the
__main__ module, it is not required to protect the code calling
parallel functions under Windows.
Deadlock free implementation: one of the major concern in
standard multiprocessing and concurrent.futures modules is the
ability of the Pool/Executor to handle crashes of worker
processes. This library intends to fix those possible deadlocks and
send back meaningful errors. Note that the implementation of
concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor that comes with Python 3.7+
is as robust as the executor from loky but the later also works for
older versions of Python.
The recommended way to install loky is with pip,
pip install lokyloky can also be installed from sources using
python setup.py installNote that loky has an optional dependency on psutil to allow early memory leak detections.
import os
from time import sleep
from loky import get_reusable_executor
def say_hello(k):
pid = os.getpid()
print("Hello from {} with arg {}".format(pid, k))
sleep(.01)
return pid
# Create an executor with 4 worker processes, that will
# automatically shutdown after idling for 2s
executor = get_reusable_executor(max_workers=4, timeout=2)
res = executor.submit(say_hello, 1)
print("Got results:", res.result())
results = executor.map(say_hello, range(50))
n_workers = len(set(results))
print("Number of used processes:", n_workers)
assert n_workers == 4For more advance usage, see our documentation
To contribute to loky, first create an account on github. Once this is done, fork the loky repository to have your own repository, clone it using 'git clone' on the computers where you want to work. Make your changes in your clone, push them to your github account, test them on several computers, and when you are happy with them, send a pull request to the main repository.
To run the test suite, you need the pytest (version >= 3) and psutil
modules. Run the test suite using:
pip install -e .
pytest .from the root of the project.
This work is supported by the Center for Data Science, funded by the IDEX Paris-Saclay, ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02