org.apache.flink.formats.avro.generated.User Java Examples

@Test
public void recordSerializedShouldBeDeserializeWithTheResortedSerializer() throws IOException {
	// user is an avro generated test object.
	final User user = TestDataGenerator.generateRandomUser(new Random());
	final AvroSerializer<User> originalSerializer = new AvroSerializer<>(User.class);
	//
	// first serialize the record
	//
	ByteBuffer serializedUser = serialize(originalSerializer, user);
	//
	// then restore a serializer from the snapshot
	//
	TypeSerializer<User> restoredSerializer = originalSerializer.snapshotConfiguration().restoreSerializer();
	//
	// now deserialize the user with the resorted serializer.
	//
	User restoredUser = deserialize(restoredSerializer, serializedUser);

	assertThat(user, is(restoredUser));
}
 

public static User generateRandomUser(Random rnd) {
	return new User(
			generateRandomString(rnd, 50),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : rnd.nextInt(),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : generateRandomString(rnd, 6),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : rnd.nextLong(),
			rnd.nextDouble(),
			null,
			rnd.nextBoolean(),
			generateRandomStringList(rnd, 20, 30),
			generateRandomBooleanList(rnd, 20),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : generateRandomStringList(rnd, 20, 20),
			generateRandomColor(rnd),
			new HashMap<>(),
			generateRandomFixed16(rnd),
			generateRandomUnion(rnd),
			generateRandomAddress(rnd),
			generateRandomBytes(rnd),
			LocalDate.parse("2014-03-01"),
			LocalTime.parse("12:12:12"),
			123456,
			DateTime.parse("2014-03-01T12:12:12.321Z"),
			123456L,
			ByteBuffer.wrap(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()),
			new Fixed2(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()));
}
 

@Test
public void testKeySelection() throws Exception {
	final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	env.getConfig().enableObjectReuse();
	Path in = new Path(inFile.getAbsoluteFile().toURI());

	AvroInputFormat<User> users = new AvroInputFormat<>(in, User.class);
	DataSet<User> usersDS = env.createInput(users);

	DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> res = usersDS
		.groupBy("name")
		.reduceGroup((GroupReduceFunction<User, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (values, out) -> {
			for (User u : values) {
				out.collect(new Tuple2<>(u.getName().toString(), 1));
			}
		})
		.returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT));
	res.writeAsText(resultPath);
	env.execute("Avro Key selection");

	expected = "(Alyssa,1)\n(Charlie,1)\n";
}
 

@Test
public void testWithKryoGenericSer() throws Exception {
	final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	env.getConfig().enableForceKryo();
	Path in = new Path(inFile.getAbsoluteFile().toURI());

	AvroInputFormat<User> users = new AvroInputFormat<>(in, User.class);
	DataSet<User> usersDS = env.createInput(users);

	DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> res = usersDS
		.groupBy((KeySelector<User, String>) value -> String.valueOf(value.getName()))
		.reduceGroup((GroupReduceFunction<User, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (values, out) -> {
			for (User u : values) {
				out.collect(new Tuple2<>(u.getName().toString(), 1));
			}
		})
		.returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT));

	res.writeAsText(resultPath);
	env.execute("Avro Key selection");

	expected = "(Charlie,1)\n(Alyssa,1)\n";
}
 

@Test
public void testWithAvroGenericSer() throws Exception {
	final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	env.getConfig().enableForceAvro();
	Path in = new Path(inFile.getAbsoluteFile().toURI());

	AvroInputFormat<User> users = new AvroInputFormat<>(in, User.class);
	DataSet<User> usersDS = env.createInput(users);

	DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> res = usersDS
		.groupBy((KeySelector<User, String>) value -> String.valueOf(value.getName()))
		.reduceGroup((GroupReduceFunction<User, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (values, out) -> {
			for (User u : values) {
				out.collect(new Tuple2<>(u.getName().toString(), 1));
			}
		})
		.returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT));

	res.writeAsText(resultPath);
	env.execute("Avro Key selection");

	expected = "(Charlie,1)\n(Alyssa,1)\n";
}
 

@Test
public void testKeySelection() throws Exception {
	final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	env.getConfig().enableObjectReuse();
	Path in = new Path(inFile.getAbsoluteFile().toURI());

	AvroInputFormat<User> users = new AvroInputFormat<>(in, User.class);
	DataSet<User> usersDS = env.createInput(users);

	DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> res = usersDS
		.groupBy("name")
		.reduceGroup((GroupReduceFunction<User, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (values, out) -> {
			for (User u : values) {
				out.collect(new Tuple2<>(u.getName().toString(), 1));
			}
		})
		.returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT));
	res.writeAsText(resultPath);
	env.execute("Avro Key selection");

	expected = "(Alyssa,1)\n(Charlie,1)\n";
}
 

@Test
public void testCompression() throws Exception {
	// given
	final Path outputPath = new Path(File.createTempFile("avro-output-file", "avro").getAbsolutePath());
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> outputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(outputPath, User.class);
	outputFormat.setWriteMode(FileSystem.WriteMode.OVERWRITE);

	final Path compressedOutputPath = new Path(File.createTempFile("avro-output-file", "compressed.avro").getAbsolutePath());
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> compressedOutputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(compressedOutputPath, User.class);
	compressedOutputFormat.setWriteMode(FileSystem.WriteMode.OVERWRITE);
	compressedOutputFormat.setCodec(AvroOutputFormat.Codec.SNAPPY);

	// when
	output(outputFormat);
	output(compressedOutputFormat);

	// then
	assertTrue(fileSize(outputPath) > fileSize(compressedOutputPath));

	// cleanup
	FileSystem fs = FileSystem.getLocalFileSystem();
	fs.delete(outputPath, false);
	fs.delete(compressedOutputPath, false);
}
 

@Test
public void testCompression() throws Exception {
	// given
	final Path outputPath = new Path(File.createTempFile("avro-output-file", "avro").getAbsolutePath());
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> outputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(outputPath, User.class);
	outputFormat.setWriteMode(FileSystem.WriteMode.OVERWRITE);

	final Path compressedOutputPath = new Path(File.createTempFile("avro-output-file", "compressed.avro").getAbsolutePath());
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> compressedOutputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(compressedOutputPath, User.class);
	compressedOutputFormat.setWriteMode(FileSystem.WriteMode.OVERWRITE);
	compressedOutputFormat.setCodec(AvroOutputFormat.Codec.SNAPPY);

	// when
	output(outputFormat);
	output(compressedOutputFormat);

	// then
	assertTrue(fileSize(outputPath) > fileSize(compressedOutputPath));

	// cleanup
	FileSystem fs = FileSystem.getLocalFileSystem();
	fs.delete(outputPath, false);
	fs.delete(compressedOutputPath, false);
}
 

@Override
public User map(Tuple3<String, Integer, String> value) {
	User user = new User();
	user.setName(value.f0);
	user.setFavoriteNumber(value.f1);
	user.setFavoriteColor(value.f2);
	user.setTypeBoolTest(true);
	user.setTypeArrayString(Collections.emptyList());
	user.setTypeArrayBoolean(Collections.emptyList());
	user.setTypeEnum(Colors.BLUE);
	user.setTypeMap(Collections.emptyMap());
	user.setTypeBytes(ByteBuffer.allocate(10));
	user.setTypeDate(LocalDate.parse("2014-03-01"));
	user.setTypeTimeMillis(LocalTime.parse("12:12:12"));
	user.setTypeTimeMicros(123456);
	user.setTypeTimestampMillis(DateTime.parse("2014-03-01T12:12:12.321Z"));
	user.setTypeTimestampMicros(123456L);
	// 20.00
	user.setTypeDecimalBytes(ByteBuffer.wrap(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()));
	// 20.00
	user.setTypeDecimalFixed(new Fixed2(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()));
	return user;
}
 

@Test
public void testWithKryoGenericSer() throws Exception {
	final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	env.getConfig().enableForceKryo();
	Path in = new Path(inFile.getAbsoluteFile().toURI());

	AvroInputFormat<User> users = new AvroInputFormat<>(in, User.class);
	DataSet<User> usersDS = env.createInput(users);

	DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> res = usersDS
		.groupBy((KeySelector<User, String>) value -> String.valueOf(value.getName()))
		.reduceGroup((GroupReduceFunction<User, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (values, out) -> {
			for (User u : values) {
				out.collect(new Tuple2<>(u.getName().toString(), 1));
			}
		})
		.returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT));

	res.writeAsText(resultPath);
	env.execute("Avro Key selection");

	expected = "(Charlie,1)\n(Alyssa,1)\n";
}
 

@Test
public void testSetCodecError() {
	// given
	boolean error = false;
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> outputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(User.class);

	// when
	try {
		outputFormat.setCodec(null);
	} catch (Exception ex) {
		error = true;
	}

	// then
	assertTrue(error);
}
 

public static User generateRandomUser(Random rnd) {
	return new User(
			generateRandomString(rnd, 50),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : rnd.nextInt(),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : generateRandomString(rnd, 6),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : rnd.nextLong(),
			rnd.nextDouble(),
			null,
			rnd.nextBoolean(),
			generateRandomStringList(rnd, 20, 30),
			generateRandomBooleanList(rnd, 20),
			rnd.nextBoolean() ? null : generateRandomStringList(rnd, 20, 20),
			generateRandomColor(rnd),
			new HashMap<>(),
			generateRandomFixed16(rnd),
			generateRandomUnion(rnd),
			generateRandomAddress(rnd),
			generateRandomBytes(rnd),
			LocalDate.parse("2014-03-01"),
			LocalTime.parse("12:12:12"),
			123456,
			DateTime.parse("2014-03-01T12:12:12.321Z"),
			123456L,
			ByteBuffer.wrap(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()),
			new Fixed2(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()));
}
 

@Override
protected void testProgram() throws Exception {
	ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

	DataSet<Tuple3<String, Integer, String>> input = env.readCsvFile(inputPath)
		.fieldDelimiter("|")
		.types(String.class, Integer.class, String.class);

	//output the data with AvroOutputFormat for specific user type
	DataSet<User> specificUser = input.map(new ConvertToUser());
	AvroOutputFormat<User> avroOutputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(User.class);
	avroOutputFormat.setCodec(Codec.SNAPPY); // FLINK-4771: use a codec
	avroOutputFormat.setSchema(User.SCHEMA$); //FLINK-3304: Ensure the OF is properly serializing the schema
	specificUser.write(avroOutputFormat, outputPath1);

	//output the data with AvroOutputFormat for reflect user type
	DataSet<ReflectiveUser> reflectiveUser = specificUser.map(new ConvertToReflective());
	reflectiveUser.write(new AvroOutputFormat<>(ReflectiveUser.class), outputPath2);

	env.execute();
}
 

@Override
protected void testProgram() throws Exception {
	ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

	DataSet<Tuple3<String, Integer, String>> input = env.readCsvFile(inputPath)
		.fieldDelimiter("|")
		.types(String.class, Integer.class, String.class);

	//output the data with AvroOutputFormat for specific user type
	DataSet<User> specificUser = input.map(new ConvertToUser());
	AvroOutputFormat<User> avroOutputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(User.class);
	avroOutputFormat.setCodec(Codec.SNAPPY); // FLINK-4771: use a codec
	avroOutputFormat.setSchema(User.SCHEMA$); //FLINK-3304: Ensure the OF is properly serializing the schema
	specificUser.write(avroOutputFormat, outputPath1);

	//output the data with AvroOutputFormat for reflect user type
	DataSet<ReflectiveUser> reflectiveUser = specificUser.map(new ConvertToReflective());
	reflectiveUser.write(new AvroOutputFormat<>(ReflectiveUser.class), outputPath2);

	env.execute();
}
 

@Test
public void testSetCodecError() {
	// given
	boolean error = false;
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> outputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(User.class);

	// when
	try {
		outputFormat.setCodec(null);
	} catch (Exception ex) {
		error = true;
	}

	// then
	assertTrue(error);
}
 

@Override
public User map(Tuple3<String, Integer, String> value) {
	User user = new User();
	user.setName(value.f0);
	user.setFavoriteNumber(value.f1);
	user.setFavoriteColor(value.f2);
	user.setTypeBoolTest(true);
	user.setTypeArrayString(Collections.emptyList());
	user.setTypeArrayBoolean(Collections.emptyList());
	user.setTypeEnum(Colors.BLUE);
	user.setTypeMap(Collections.emptyMap());
	user.setTypeBytes(ByteBuffer.allocate(10));
	user.setTypeDate(LocalDate.parse("2014-03-01"));
	user.setTypeTimeMillis(LocalTime.parse("12:12:12"));
	user.setTypeTimeMicros(123456);
	user.setTypeTimestampMillis(DateTime.parse("2014-03-01T12:12:12.321Z"));
	user.setTypeTimestampMicros(123456L);
	// 20.00
	user.setTypeDecimalBytes(ByteBuffer.wrap(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()));
	// 20.00
	user.setTypeDecimalFixed(new Fixed2(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()));
	return user;
}
 

@Test
public void testWithAvroGenericSer() throws Exception {
	final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	env.getConfig().enableForceAvro();
	Path in = new Path(inFile.getAbsoluteFile().toURI());

	AvroInputFormat<User> users = new AvroInputFormat<>(in, User.class);
	DataSet<User> usersDS = env.createInput(users);

	DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> res = usersDS
		.groupBy((KeySelector<User, String>) value -> String.valueOf(value.getName()))
		.reduceGroup((GroupReduceFunction<User, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (values, out) -> {
			for (User u : values) {
				out.collect(new Tuple2<>(u.getName().toString(), 1));
			}
		})
		.returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT));

	res.writeAsText(resultPath);
	env.execute("Avro Key selection");

	expected = "(Charlie,1)\n(Alyssa,1)\n";
}
 

@Test
public void testWithKryoGenericSer() throws Exception {
	final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	env.getConfig().enableForceKryo();
	Path in = new Path(inFile.getAbsoluteFile().toURI());

	AvroInputFormat<User> users = new AvroInputFormat<>(in, User.class);
	DataSet<User> usersDS = env.createInput(users);

	DataSet<Tuple2<String, Integer>> res = usersDS
		.groupBy((KeySelector<User, String>) value -> String.valueOf(value.getName()))
		.reduceGroup((GroupReduceFunction<User, Tuple2<String, Integer>>) (values, out) -> {
			for (User u : values) {
				out.collect(new Tuple2<>(u.getName().toString(), 1));
			}
		})
		.returns(Types.TUPLE(Types.STRING, Types.INT));

	res.writeAsText(resultPath);
	env.execute("Avro Key selection");

	expected = "(Charlie,1)\n(Alyssa,1)\n";
}
 

@Test
public void testSetCodecError() {
	// given
	boolean error = false;
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> outputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(User.class);

	// when
	try {
		outputFormat.setCodec(null);
	} catch (Exception ex) {
		error = true;
	}

	// then
	assertTrue(error);
}
 

@Test
public void testSerialization() throws Exception {

	serializeAndDeserialize(null, null);
	serializeAndDeserialize(null, User.SCHEMA$);
	for (final AvroOutputFormat.Codec codec : AvroOutputFormat.Codec.values()) {
		serializeAndDeserialize(codec, null);
		serializeAndDeserialize(codec, User.SCHEMA$);
	}
}
 

@Test
public void testSerialization() throws Exception {

	serializeAndDeserialize(null, null);
	serializeAndDeserialize(null, User.SCHEMA$);
	for (final AvroOutputFormat.Codec codec : AvroOutputFormat.Codec.values()) {
		serializeAndDeserialize(codec, null);
		serializeAndDeserialize(codec, User.SCHEMA$);
	}
}
 

private void serializeAndDeserialize(final AvroOutputFormat.Codec codec, final Schema schema) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
	// given
	final AvroOutputFormat<User> outputFormat = new AvroOutputFormat<>(User.class);
	if (codec != null) {
		outputFormat.setCodec(codec);
	}
	if (schema != null) {
		outputFormat.setSchema(schema);
	}

	final ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

	// when
	try (final ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)) {
		oos.writeObject(outputFormat);
	}
	try (final ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray()))) {
		// then
		Object o = ois.readObject();
		assertTrue(o instanceof AvroOutputFormat);
		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		final AvroOutputFormat<User> restored = (AvroOutputFormat<User>) o;
		final AvroOutputFormat.Codec restoredCodec = (AvroOutputFormat.Codec) Whitebox.getInternalState(restored, "codec");
		final Schema restoredSchema = (Schema) Whitebox.getInternalState(restored, "userDefinedSchema");

		assertTrue(codec != null ? restoredCodec == codec : restoredCodec == null);
		assertTrue(schema != null ? restoredSchema.equals(schema) : restoredSchema == null);
	}
}
 

@Test
public void testAvroToAvro() throws Exception {
	ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	BatchTableEnvironment tEnv = BatchTableEnvironment.create(env, config());

	Table t = tEnv.fromDataSet(testData(env));
	Table result = t.select($("*"));

	List<User> results = tEnv.toDataSet(result, Types.POJO(User.class)).collect();
	List<User> expected = Arrays.asList(USER_1, USER_2, USER_3);
	assertEquals(expected, results);
}
 

@Test
public void testSplittedIF() throws IOException {
	Configuration parameters = new Configuration();

	AvroInputFormat<User> format = new AvroInputFormat<>(new Path(testFile.getAbsolutePath()), User.class);

	format.configure(parameters);
	FileInputSplit[] splits = format.createInputSplits(4);
	assertEquals(splits.length, 4);
	int elements = 0;
	int[] elementsPerSplit = new int[4];
	for (int i = 0; i < splits.length; i++) {
		format.open(splits[i]);
		while (!format.reachedEnd()) {
			User u = format.nextRecord(null);
			Assert.assertTrue(u.getName().toString().startsWith(TEST_NAME));
			elements++;
			elementsPerSplit[i]++;
		}
		format.close();
	}

	Assert.assertEquals(1604, elementsPerSplit[0]);
	Assert.assertEquals(1203, elementsPerSplit[1]);
	Assert.assertEquals(1203, elementsPerSplit[2]);
	Assert.assertEquals(990, elementsPerSplit[3]);
	Assert.assertEquals(NUM_RECORDS, elements);
	format.close();
}
 

@Test
public void testGeneratedObjectWithNullableFields() {
	List<CharSequence> strings = Arrays.asList(new CharSequence[] { "These", "strings", "should", "be", "recognizable", "as", "a", "meaningful", "sequence" });
	List<Boolean> bools = Arrays.asList(true, true, false, false, true, false, true, true);
	Map<CharSequence, Long> map = new HashMap<>();
	map.put("1", 1L);
	map.put("2", 2L);
	map.put("3", 3L);

	byte[] b = new byte[16];
	new Random().nextBytes(b);
	Fixed16 f = new Fixed16(b);
	Address addr = new Address(239, "6th Main", "Bangalore", "Karnataka", "560075");
	User user = new User(
		"Freudenreich",
		1337,
		"macintosh gray",
		1234567890L,
		3.1415926,
		null,
		true,
		strings,
		bools,
		null,
		Colors.GREEN,
		map,
		f,
		Boolean.TRUE,
		addr,
		ByteBuffer.wrap(b),
		LocalDate.parse("2014-03-01"),
		LocalTime.parse("12:12:12"),
		123456,
		DateTime.parse("2014-03-01T12:12:12.321Z"),
		123456L,
		ByteBuffer.wrap(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray()), // 20.00
		new Fixed2(BigDecimal.valueOf(2000, 2).unscaledValue().toByteArray())); // 20.00

	testObjectSerialization(user);
}
 

@Test
public void testSplittedIF() throws IOException {
	Configuration parameters = new Configuration();

	AvroInputFormat<User> format = new AvroInputFormat<>(new Path(testFile.getAbsolutePath()), User.class);

	format.configure(parameters);
	FileInputSplit[] splits = format.createInputSplits(4);
	assertEquals(splits.length, 4);
	int elements = 0;
	int[] elementsPerSplit = new int[4];
	for (int i = 0; i < splits.length; i++) {
		format.open(splits[i]);
		while (!format.reachedEnd()) {
			User u = format.nextRecord(null);
			Assert.assertTrue(u.getName().toString().startsWith(TEST_NAME));
			elements++;
			elementsPerSplit[i]++;
		}
		format.close();
	}

	Assert.assertEquals(1604, elementsPerSplit[0]);
	Assert.assertEquals(1203, elementsPerSplit[1]);
	Assert.assertEquals(1203, elementsPerSplit[2]);
	Assert.assertEquals(990, elementsPerSplit[3]);
	Assert.assertEquals(NUM_RECORDS, elements);
	format.close();
}
 

private DataSet<User> testData(ExecutionEnvironment env) {
	List<User> data = new ArrayList<>(3);
	data.add(USER_1);
	data.add(USER_2);
	data.add(USER_3);
	return env.fromCollection(data);
}
 

@Test
public void testAvroToAvro() throws Exception {
	ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
	BatchTableEnvironment tEnv = BatchTableEnvironment.create(env, config());

	Table t = tEnv.fromDataSet(testData(env));
	Table result = t.select("*");

	List<User> results = tEnv.toDataSet(result, Types.POJO(User.class)).collect();
	List<User> expected = Arrays.asList(USER_1, USER_2, USER_3);
	assertEquals(expected, results);
}
 

@Override
protected User[] getTestData() {
	final Random rnd = new Random();
	final User[] users = new User[20];

	for (int i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
		users[i] = TestDataGenerator.generateRandomUser(rnd);
	}

	return users;
}
 

@Override
public List<Descriptor> descriptors() {
	final Descriptor desc1 = new Avro().recordClass(User.class);

	final Descriptor desc2 = new Avro().avroSchema("{...}");

	return Arrays.asList(desc1, desc2);
}