javax.xml.crypto.dsig.dom.DOMSignContext Java Examples

private void signRequest(Element requestElement, PrivateKey privateKey, Object keyInfoValue) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, MarshalException, XMLSignatureException, KeyException {
   DOMSignContext domSignContext = new DOMSignContext(privateKey, requestElement, requestElement.getFirstChild());
   String requestId = requestElement.getAttribute("RequestID");
   requestElement.setIdAttribute("RequestID", true);
   List<Transform> transforms = new LinkedList();
   transforms.add(xmlSignatureFactory.newTransform("http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature", (TransformParameterSpec)null));
   transforms.add(xmlSignatureFactory.newTransform("http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#", (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null));
   Reference reference = xmlSignatureFactory.newReference("#" + requestId, xmlSignatureFactory.newDigestMethod("http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1", (DigestMethodParameterSpec)null), transforms, (String)null, (String)null);
   CanonicalizationMethod canonicalizationMethod = xmlSignatureFactory.newCanonicalizationMethod("http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#", (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null);
   SignatureMethod signatureMethod = xmlSignatureFactory.newSignatureMethod("http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1", (SignatureMethodParameterSpec)null);
   SignedInfo signedInfo = xmlSignatureFactory.newSignedInfo(canonicalizationMethod, signatureMethod, Collections.singletonList(reference));
   KeyInfoFactory keyInfoFactory = xmlSignatureFactory.getKeyInfoFactory();
   KeyInfo keyInfo = null;
   if (keyInfoValue instanceof PublicKey) {
      keyInfo = keyInfoFactory.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(keyInfoFactory.newKeyValue((PublicKey)keyInfoValue)));
   } else {
      if (!(keyInfoValue instanceof X509Certificate)) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported keyinfo type [" + keyInfoValue.getClass() + "]");
      }

      keyInfo = keyInfoFactory.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(keyInfoFactory.newX509Data(Collections.singletonList(keyInfoValue))));
   }

   XMLSignature xmlSignature = xmlSignatureFactory.newXMLSignature(signedInfo, keyInfo);
   xmlSignature.sign(domSignContext);
}
 

private void signRequest(Element requestElement, PrivateKey privateKey, Object keyInfoValue) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, MarshalException, XMLSignatureException, KeyException {
   DOMSignContext domSignContext = new DOMSignContext(privateKey, requestElement, requestElement.getFirstChild());
   String requestId = requestElement.getAttribute("RequestID");
   requestElement.setIdAttribute("RequestID", true);
   List<Transform> transforms = new LinkedList();
   transforms.add(xmlSignatureFactory.newTransform("http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature", (TransformParameterSpec)null));
   transforms.add(xmlSignatureFactory.newTransform("http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#", (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null));
   Reference reference = xmlSignatureFactory.newReference("#" + requestId, xmlSignatureFactory.newDigestMethod("http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1", (DigestMethodParameterSpec)null), transforms, (String)null, (String)null);
   CanonicalizationMethod canonicalizationMethod = xmlSignatureFactory.newCanonicalizationMethod("http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#", (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null);
   SignatureMethod signatureMethod = xmlSignatureFactory.newSignatureMethod("http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1", (SignatureMethodParameterSpec)null);
   SignedInfo signedInfo = xmlSignatureFactory.newSignedInfo(canonicalizationMethod, signatureMethod, Collections.singletonList(reference));
   KeyInfoFactory keyInfoFactory = xmlSignatureFactory.getKeyInfoFactory();
   KeyInfo keyInfo = null;
   if (keyInfoValue instanceof PublicKey) {
      keyInfo = keyInfoFactory.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(keyInfoFactory.newKeyValue((PublicKey)keyInfoValue)));
   } else {
      if (!(keyInfoValue instanceof X509Certificate)) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported keyinfo type [" + keyInfoValue.getClass() + "]");
      }

      keyInfo = keyInfoFactory.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(keyInfoFactory.newX509Data(Collections.singletonList(keyInfoValue))));
   }

   XMLSignature xmlSignature = xmlSignatureFactory.newXMLSignature(signedInfo, keyInfo);
   xmlSignature.sign(domSignContext);
}
 

/**
 * Sign the root element
 *
 * @param doc
 * @param digestMethod
 * @param signatureMethod
 * @param referenceURI
 *
 * @return
 *
 * @throws GeneralSecurityException
 * @throws XMLSignatureException
 * @throws MarshalException
 * @since 2.5.0
 */
public static Document sign(Document doc, String keyName, KeyPair keyPair, String digestMethod, String signatureMethod, String referenceURI,
                            X509Certificate x509Certificate, String canonicalizationMethodType)
        throws GeneralSecurityException, MarshalException, XMLSignatureException {
    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Document to be signed=" + DocumentUtil.asString(doc));
    }
    PrivateKey signingKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
    PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();

    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, doc.getDocumentElement());

    signImpl(dsc, digestMethod, signatureMethod, referenceURI, keyName, publicKey, x509Certificate, canonicalizationMethodType);

    return doc;
}
 

static void test_create_signature_with_empty_id() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("* Generating signature-with-empty-id.xml");

    // create references
    List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
        (fac.newReference("#", sha1));

    // create SignedInfo
    SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

    // create object with empty id
    Document doc = db.newDocument();
    XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
        (new DOMStructure(doc.createTextNode("I am the text."))),
        "", "text/plain", null);

    // create XMLSignature
    XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
                                           Collections.singletonList(obj),
                                           "signature", null);
    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
    sig.sign(dsc);
}
 

static void test_create_signature_with_empty_id() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("* Generating signature-with-empty-id.xml");

    // create references
    List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
        (fac.newReference("#", sha1));

    // create SignedInfo
    SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

    // create object with empty id
    Document doc = db.newDocument();
    XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
        (new DOMStructure(doc.createTextNode("I am the text."))),
        "", "text/plain", null);

    // create XMLSignature
    XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
                                           Collections.singletonList(obj),
                                           "signature", null);
    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
    sig.sign(dsc);
}
 

static void test_create_signature_with_empty_id() throws Exception {
    System.out.println("* Generating signature-with-empty-id.xml");

    // create references
    List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
        (fac.newReference("#", sha1));

    // create SignedInfo
    SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

    // create object with empty id
    Document doc = db.newDocument();
    XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
        (new DOMStructure(doc.createTextNode("I am the text."))),
        "", "text/plain", null);

    // create XMLSignature
    XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
                                           Collections.singletonList(obj),
                                           "signature", null);
    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
    sig.sign(dsc);
}
 

private void signDOM(Node node, PrivateKey privateKey, Certificate origCert) {
    XMLSignatureFactory fac = initXMLSigFactory();
    X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate) origCert;
    // Create the KeyInfo containing the X509Data.
    KeyInfoFactory kif = fac.getKeyInfoFactory();
    List<Object> x509Content = new ArrayList<Object>();
    //x509Content.add(cert.getSubjectX500Principal().getName());
    x509Content.add(cert);
    X509Data xd = kif.newX509Data(x509Content);
    KeyInfo ki = kif.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(xd));

    // Create a DOMSignContext and specify the RSA PrivateKey and
    // location of the resulting XMLSignature's parent element.
    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(privateKey, node);
    dsc.putNamespacePrefix(XML_DIGSIG_NS, "ns2");

    // Create the XMLSignature, but don't sign it yet.
    try {
        SignedInfo si = initSignedInfo(fac);
        XMLSignature signature = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki);

        // Marshal, generate, and sign the enveloped signature.
        signature.sign(dsc);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
}
 

public static void signDOM(Node node, PrivateKey privateKey, Certificate origCert) {
    XMLSignatureFactory fac = initXMLSigFactory();
    X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate) origCert;
    // Create the KeyInfo containing the X509Data.
    KeyInfoFactory kif = fac.getKeyInfoFactory();
    List<Object> x509Content = new ArrayList<Object>();
    x509Content.add(cert.getSubjectX500Principal().getName());
    x509Content.add(cert);
    X509Data xd = kif.newX509Data(x509Content);
    KeyInfo ki = kif.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(xd));

    // Create a DOMSignContext and specify the RSA PrivateKey and
    // location of the resulting XMLSignature's parent element.
    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(privateKey, node);
    dsc.putNamespacePrefix("http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#", "ns2");

    // Create the XMLSignature, but don't sign it yet.
    try {
        SignedInfo si = initSignedInfo(fac);
        XMLSignature signature = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki);

        // Marshal, generate, and sign the enveloped signature.
        signature.sign(dsc);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
}
 

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/xmldsig/XMLDigitalSignature.html
    //
    byte[] inputXml = "<Envelope xmlns=\"urn:envelope\">\r\n</Envelope>\r\n".getBytes();
    // load the document that's going to be signed
    DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); 
    dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);
    DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();  
    Document doc = builder.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(inputXml)); 
    
//    // create a key pair
//    KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
//    kpg.initialize(512);
//    KeyPair kp = kpg.generateKeyPair(); 
    PublicKey pub = getPublicKey("C:\\work\\fhirserver\\tests\\signatures\\public_key.der");
    PrivateKey priv = getPrivateKey("C:\\work\\fhirserver\\tests\\signatures\\private_key.der");
    
    // sign the document
    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(priv, doc.getDocumentElement()); 
    XMLSignatureFactory fac = XMLSignatureFactory.getInstance("DOM"); 
   
    Reference ref = fac.newReference("", fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null), Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED, (TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null);
    SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(fac.newCanonicalizationMethod(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE, (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null), fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1, null), Collections.singletonList(ref));
    
    KeyInfoFactory kif = fac.getKeyInfoFactory(); 
    KeyValue kv = kif.newKeyValue(pub);
    KeyInfo ki = kif.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(kv));
    XMLSignature signature = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki); 
    signature.sign(dsc);
    
    OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("c:\\temp\\java-digsig.xml");
    new XmlGenerator().generate(doc.getDocumentElement(), os);
  }
 

public static void main(String[] args) throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, KeyException, MarshalException, XMLSignatureException, FHIRException, org.hl7.fhir.exceptions.FHIRException {
  // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/xmldsig/XMLDigitalSignature.html
  //
  byte[] inputXml = "<Envelope xmlns=\"urn:envelope\">\r\n</Envelope>\r\n".getBytes();
  // load the document that's going to be signed
  DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); 
  dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);
  DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();  
  Document doc = builder.parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(inputXml)); 
  
  // create a key pair
  KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
  kpg.initialize(512);
  KeyPair kp = kpg.generateKeyPair(); 
  
  // sign the document
  DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(kp.getPrivate(), doc.getDocumentElement()); 
  XMLSignatureFactory fac = XMLSignatureFactory.getInstance("DOM"); 
 
  Reference ref = fac.newReference("", fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null), Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED, (TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null);
  SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(fac.newCanonicalizationMethod(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE, (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null), fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1, null), Collections.singletonList(ref));
  
  KeyInfoFactory kif = fac.getKeyInfoFactory(); 
  KeyValue kv = kif.newKeyValue(kp.getPublic());
  KeyInfo ki = kif.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(kv));
  XMLSignature signature = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki); 
  signature.sign(dsc);
  
  OutputStream os = System.out;
  new XmlGenerator().generate(doc.getDocumentElement(), os);
}
 

/**
 * Sign the root element
 *
 *
 * @return
 *
 * @throws GeneralSecurityException
 * @throws XMLSignatureException
 * @throws MarshalException
 */
public static Document sign(SignatureUtilTransferObject dto, String canonicalizationMethodType) throws GeneralSecurityException, MarshalException,
        XMLSignatureException {
    Document doc = dto.getDocumentToBeSigned();
    String keyName = dto.getKeyName();
    KeyPair keyPair = dto.getKeyPair();
    Node nextSibling = dto.getNextSibling();
    String digestMethod = dto.getDigestMethod();
    String referenceURI = dto.getReferenceURI();
    String signatureMethod = dto.getSignatureMethod();

    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Document to be signed=" + DocumentUtil.asString(doc));
    }

    PrivateKey signingKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
    PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();

    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, doc.getDocumentElement(), nextSibling);

    signImpl(dsc, digestMethod, signatureMethod, referenceURI, keyName, publicKey, dto.getX509Certificate(), canonicalizationMethodType);

    if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
        logger.trace("Signed document=" + DocumentUtil.asString(doc));
    }

    return doc;
}
 

public Document sign(FileInputStream fileStream, KeyPair keyPair)
        throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException,
        NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException,
        KeyException, MarshalException, XMLSignatureException {

    DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
    factory.setNamespaceAware(true);

    DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
    Document document = builder.parse(fileStream);

    DOMSignContext signContext = new DOMSignContext(keyPair.getPrivate(),
            document.getDocumentElement());
    XMLSignatureFactory signFactory = XMLSignatureFactory
            .getInstance("DOM");
    Reference ref = signFactory.newReference("", signFactory
            .newDigestMethod(digestMethod, null), Collections
            .singletonList(signFactory.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
                    (TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null);
    SignedInfo si = signFactory.newSignedInfo(signFactory
            .newCanonicalizationMethod(
                    CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
                    (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null), signFactory
            .newSignatureMethod(signatureMethod, null), Collections
            .singletonList(ref));

    KeyInfoFactory kif = signFactory.getKeyInfoFactory();
    KeyValue kv = kif.newKeyValue(keyPair.getPublic());
    KeyInfo ki = kif.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(kv));

    XMLSignature signature = signFactory.newXMLSignature(si, ki);
    signature.sign(signContext);

    return document;
}
 

/**
 * Sign the XML document using xmldsig.
 * @param document the document to sign; it will be modified by the method.
 * @param publicKey the public key from the key pair to sign the document.
 * @param privateKey the private key from the key pair to sign the document.
 * @return the signed document for chaining.
 */
public static Document sign(Document document, RSAPublicKey publicKey, RSAPrivateKey privateKey) {
    XMLSignatureFactory fac = XMLSignatureFactory.getInstance("DOM");
    KeyInfoFactory keyInfoFactory = fac.getKeyInfoFactory();

    try {
        Reference ref =fac.newReference(
                "",
                fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
                Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED, (TransformParameterSpec) null)),
                null,
                null);
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(fac.newCanonicalizationMethod(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE,
                                                                        (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
                                          fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1, null),
                                          Collections.singletonList(ref));
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(privateKey, document.getDocumentElement());
        KeyValue keyValue = keyInfoFactory.newKeyValue(publicKey);
        KeyInfo ki = keyInfoFactory.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(keyValue));
        XMLSignature signature = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki);
        signature.sign(dsc);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Logger.warn("Error while signing an XML document.", e);
    }

    return document;
}
 

synchronized void sign ( final Key privateKey, final PublicKey publicKey, final Certificate cert, final Document doc ) throws Exception
{
    final DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext ( privateKey, doc.getDocumentElement () );

    final SignatureMethod sm = this.fac.newSignatureMethod ( fromAlg ( privateKey.getAlgorithm () ), null );

    final SignedInfo si = this.fac.newSignedInfo ( this.cm, sm, Collections.singletonList ( this.ref ) );

    final List<Object> data = new LinkedList<Object> ();

    if ( cert != null )
    {
        data.add ( this.kif.newKeyValue ( cert.getPublicKey () ) );
        data.add ( this.kif.newX509Data ( Collections.singletonList ( cert ) ) );
    }
    else
    {
        data.add ( this.kif.newKeyValue ( publicKey ) );
    }

    final KeyInfo ki = this.kif.newKeyInfo ( data );

    final XMLSignature signature = this.fac.newXMLSignature ( si, ki );

    // finally sign
    signature.sign ( dsc );
}
 

protected byte[] perform(byte[] input) throws Exception {

      String signMethod = (String)signatureMethod.getSelectedItem();
      PrivateKeyEntry keyEntry = this.selectedEntry;

      XMLSignatureFactory fac = XMLSignatureFactory.getInstance("DOM");
      ArrayList<Reference> references = getReferences(fac);
      SignedInfo signatureInfo = fac.newSignedInfo(fac.newCanonicalizationMethod(CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE, (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null), fac.newSignatureMethod(signatureMethods.get(signMethod), null), references);
      KeyInfo keyInfo = this.getKeyInfo(fac, keyEntry);
      XMLSignature signature = fac.newXMLSignature(signatureInfo, keyInfo);

      DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
      dbf.setNamespaceAware(true);
      Document doc = dbf.newDocumentBuilder().parse(new ByteArrayInputStream(input));
      try {
        validateIdAttributes(doc);
      } catch( Exception e ) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Provided Id identifier seems to be invalid.");
      }
      DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext (keyEntry.getPrivateKey(), doc.getDocumentElement()); 
      signature.sign(dsc);

      DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
      ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      StreamResult result = new StreamResult(bos);
      TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
      Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
      transformer.transform(source, result);
      return bos.toByteArray();
	}
 

XMLDSigWithSecMgr() throws Exception {
    setup();
    Document doc = db.newDocument();
    Element envelope = doc.createElementNS
        ("http://example.org/envelope", "Envelope");
    envelope.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/",
        "xmlns", "http://example.org/envelope");
    doc.appendChild(envelope);

    KeyPairGenerator kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
    KeyPair kp = kpg.genKeyPair();

    // the policy only grants this test SocketPermission to accept, resolve
    // and connect to localhost so that it can dereference 2nd reference
    System.setProperty("java.security.policy",
            System.getProperty("test.src", ".") + File.separator + "policy");
    System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());

    try {
        // generate a signature with SecurityManager enabled
        ArrayList refs = new ArrayList();
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("", sha1,
             Collections.singletonList
                (fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
                 (TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null));
        refs.add(fac.newReference("http://localhost:" + ss.getLocalPort()
            + "/anything.txt", sha1));
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments,
            fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1, null), refs);
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, null);
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(kp.getPrivate(), envelope);
        sig.sign(dsc);

        // validate a signature with SecurityManager enabled
        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (kp.getPublic(), envelope.getFirstChild());

        // disable secure validation mode so that http reference will work
        dvc.setProperty("org.jcp.xml.dsig.secureValidation", Boolean.FALSE);

        sig = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);
        if (!sig.validate(dvc)) {
            throw new Exception
                ("XMLDSigWithSecMgr signature validation FAILED");
        }
    } catch (SecurityException se) {
        throw new Exception("XMLDSigWithSecMgr FAILED", se);
    }
    ss.close();
}
 

static void test_create_signature_enveloped_dsa(int size) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating signature-enveloped-dsa-"
                           + size + ".xml");
        SignatureMethod sm = null;
        KeyInfo ki = null;
        Key privKey;
        if (size == 1024) {
            sm = dsaSha1;
            ki = dsa1024;
            privKey = signingKey;
        } else if (size == 2048) {
            sm = dsaSha256;
            ki = dsa2048;
            privKey = getPrivateKey("DSA", 2048);
        } else throw new RuntimeException("unsupported keysize:" + size);

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo
            (withoutComments, sm, Collections.singletonList
                (fac.newReference
                    ("", sha1, Collections.singletonList
                        (fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
                            (TransformParameterSpec) null)),
                 null, null)));

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki);

        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element envelope = doc.createElementNS
            ("http://example.org/envelope", "Envelope");
        envelope.setAttributeNS(XMLConstants.XMLNS_ATTRIBUTE_NS_URI,
            "xmlns", "http://example.org/envelope");
        doc.appendChild(envelope);

        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(privKey, envelope);

        sig.sign(dsc);
//        StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
//        dumpDocument(doc, sw);
//        System.out.println(sw.toString());

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (kvks, envelope.getFirstChild());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }

        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_signature_with_attr_in_no_namespace()
        throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println
            ("* Generating signature-with-attr-in-no-namespace.xml");

        // create references
        List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newReference("#unknown", sha1));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

        // create object-1
        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
        // add attribute with no namespace
        nc.setAttribute("Id", "unknown");
        XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-1", null, null);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
                                               Collections.singletonList(obj),
                                               "signature", null);
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA"), doc);
        dsc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new PrintWriter(System.out));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (kvks, doc.getDocumentElement());
        dvc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }

        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_signature_reference_dependency() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating signature-reference-dependency.xml");
        // create references
        List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newReference("#object-1", sha1));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

        // create objects
        List<XMLStructure> objs = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>();

        // Object 1
        List<Reference> manRefs = Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newReference("#object-2", sha1));
        objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newManifest(manRefs, "manifest-1")), "object-1", null, null));

        // Object 2
        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
        nc.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "");
        nc.appendChild(doc.createComment(" Commentandum "));
        objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-2", null, null));

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa, objs, "signature", null);
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new PrintWriter(System.out));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (kvks, doc.getDocumentElement());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }

        System.out.println();
    }
 

private static Element signSamlElement(final Element element, final PrivateKey privKey,
        final PublicKey pubKey) {
    try {
        final String providerName = System.getProperty("jsr105Provider",
                JSR_105_PROVIDER);
        final XMLSignatureFactory sigFactory = XMLSignatureFactory
                .getInstance("DOM", (Provider) Class.forName(providerName)
                        .newInstance());

        final List envelopedTransform = Collections
                .singletonList(sigFactory.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
                        (TransformParameterSpec) null));

        final Reference ref = sigFactory.newReference("", sigFactory
                .newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null), envelopedTransform,
                null, null);

        // Create the SignatureMethod based on the type of key
        SignatureMethod signatureMethod;
        if (pubKey instanceof DSAPublicKey) {
            signatureMethod = sigFactory.newSignatureMethod(
                    SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null);
        } else if (pubKey instanceof RSAPublicKey) {
            signatureMethod = sigFactory.newSignatureMethod(
                    SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1, null);
        } else {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Error signing SAML element: Unsupported type of key");
        }

        final CanonicalizationMethod canonicalizationMethod = sigFactory
                .newCanonicalizationMethod(
                        CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
                        (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null);

        // Create the SignedInfo
        final SignedInfo signedInfo = sigFactory.newSignedInfo(
                canonicalizationMethod, signatureMethod, Collections
                .singletonList(ref));

        // Create a KeyValue containing the DSA or RSA PublicKey
        final KeyInfoFactory keyInfoFactory = sigFactory
                .getKeyInfoFactory();
        final KeyValue keyValuePair = keyInfoFactory.newKeyValue(pubKey);

        // Create a KeyInfo and add the KeyValue to it
        final KeyInfo keyInfo = keyInfoFactory.newKeyInfo(Collections
                .singletonList(keyValuePair));
        // Convert the JDOM document to w3c (Java XML signature API requires
        // w3c
        // representation)
        org.w3c.dom.Element w3cElement = toDom(element);

        // Create a DOMSignContext and specify the DSA/RSA PrivateKey and
        // location of the resulting XMLSignature's parent element
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(privKey, w3cElement);

        org.w3c.dom.Node xmlSigInsertionPoint = getXmlSignatureInsertLocation(w3cElement);
        dsc.setNextSibling(xmlSigInsertionPoint);

        // Marshal, generate (and sign) the enveloped signature
        XMLSignature signature = sigFactory.newXMLSignature(signedInfo,
                keyInfo);
        signature.sign(dsc);

        return toJdom(w3cElement);

    } catch (final Exception e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Error signing SAML element: "
                + e.getMessage(), e);
    }
}
 

static void test_create_signature_with_attr_in_no_namespace()
        throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println
            ("* Generating signature-with-attr-in-no-namespace.xml");

        // create references
        List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newReference("#unknown", sha1));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

        // create object-1
        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
        // add attribute with no namespace
        nc.setAttribute("Id", "unknown");
        XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-1", null, null);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
                                               Collections.singletonList(obj),
                                               "signature", null);
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
        dsc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new PrintWriter(System.out));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (kvks, doc.getDocumentElement());
        dvc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }

        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_sign_spec() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating sign-spec.xml");
        List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>(2);

        // create reference 1
        List<XPathType> types = new ArrayList<XPathType>(3);
        types.add(new XPathType(" //ToBeSigned ", XPathType.Filter.INTERSECT));
        types.add(new XPathType(" //NotToBeSigned ",
            XPathType.Filter.SUBTRACT));
        types.add(new XPathType(" //ReallyToBeSigned ",
            XPathType.Filter.UNION));
        XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp1 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec(types);
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("", fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp1)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 2
        List<Transform> trans2 = new ArrayList<Transform>(2);
        trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
            (TransformParameterSpec) null));
        XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp2 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec
            (Collections.singletonList
                (new XPathType(" / ", XPathType.Filter.UNION)));
        trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp2));
        refs.add(fac.newReference("#signature-value",
            fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null), trans2, null, null));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(
            fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
                (CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE,
                 (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
            fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null), refs);

        // create KeyInfo
        List<XMLStructure> kits = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>(2);
        kits.add(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey));
        List<Object> xds = new ArrayList<Object>(2);
        xds.add("CN=User");
        xds.add(signingCert);
        kits.add(kifac.newX509Data(xds));
        KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(kits);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
            (si, ki, null, null, "signature-value");

        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element tbs1 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
        Comment tbs1Com = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        Element tbs1Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        Element tbs1ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
        Element tbs1rtbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "ReallyToBeSigned");
        Comment tbs1rtbsCom = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        Element tbs1rtbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsCom);
        tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsData);
        tbs1ntbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbs);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Com);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Data);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1ntbs);

        Element tbs2 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
        Element tbs2Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        Element tbs2ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
        Element tbs2ntbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        tbs2ntbs.appendChild(tbs2ntbsData);
        tbs2.appendChild(tbs2Data);
        tbs2.appendChild(tbs2ntbs);

        Element document = doc.createElementNS(null, "Document");
        document.appendChild(tbs1);
        document.appendChild(tbs2);
        doc.appendChild(document);

        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, document);

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector(), document.getLastChild());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
 

private static Document signMetaInfo(X509Certificate signingCert, Key signingKey,
                                     Document doc, String referenceID
) throws Exception {
    String signatureMethod = null;
    if ("SHA1withDSA".equals(signingCert.getSigAlgName())) {
        signatureMethod = SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1;
    } else if ("SHA1withRSA".equals(signingCert.getSigAlgName())) {
        signatureMethod = SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1;
    } else if ("SHA256withRSA".equals(signingCert.getSigAlgName())) {
        signatureMethod = SignatureMethod.RSA_SHA1;
    } else {
        LOG.error("Unsupported signature method: " + signingCert.getSigAlgName());
        throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported signature method: " + signingCert.getSigAlgName());
    }

    List<Transform> transformList = new ArrayList<>();
    transformList.add(XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED, (TransformParameterSpec)null));
    transformList.add(XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newCanonicalizationMethod(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
                                                                      (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null));

    // Create a Reference to the enveloped document (in this case,
    // you are signing the whole document, so a URI of "" signifies
    // that, and also specify the SHA1 digest algorithm and
    // the ENVELOPED Transform.
    Reference ref =
        XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newReference("#" + referenceID,
                                           XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
                                           transformList,
                                           null, null);

    // Create the SignedInfo.
    SignedInfo si =
        XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newSignedInfo(
            XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newCanonicalizationMethod(
                CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
                (C14NMethodParameterSpec)null),
                XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newSignatureMethod(signatureMethod, null),
                 Collections.singletonList(ref));

    // Create the KeyInfo containing the X509Data.
    KeyInfoFactory kif = XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.getKeyInfoFactory();
    List<Object> x509Content = new ArrayList<>();
    x509Content.add(signingCert.getSubjectX500Principal().getName());
    x509Content.add(signingCert);
    X509Data xd = kif.newX509Data(x509Content);
    KeyInfo ki = kif.newKeyInfo(Collections.singletonList(xd));

    // Create a DOMSignContext and specify the RSA PrivateKey and
    // location of the resulting XMLSignature's parent element.
    //DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(keyEntry.getPrivateKey(), doc.getDocumentElement());
    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, doc.getDocumentElement());
    dsc.setIdAttributeNS(doc.getDocumentElement(), null, "ID");
    dsc.setNextSibling(doc.getDocumentElement().getFirstChild());

    // Create the XMLSignature, but don't sign it yet.
    XMLSignature signature = XML_SIGNATURE_FACTORY.newXMLSignature(si, ki);

    // Marshal, generate, and sign the enveloped signature.
    signature.sign(dsc);

    // Output the resulting document.
    return doc;
}
 

private static void test_create_signature_external
    (SignatureMethod sm, KeyInfo ki, Key signingKey, KeySelector ks,
    boolean b64) throws Exception {

    // create reference
    Reference ref;
    if (b64) {
        ref = fac.newReference
            (STYLESHEET_B64,
            sha1, Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newTransform(Transform.BASE64,
             (TransformParameterSpec) null)), null, null);
    } else {
        ref = fac.newReference(STYLESHEET, sha1);
    }

    // create SignedInfo
    SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, sm,
        Collections.singletonList(ref));

    Document doc = db.newDocument();

    // create XMLSignature
    XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, ki);

    DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, doc);
    dsc.setURIDereferencer(httpUd);

    sig.sign(dsc);

    DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
        (ks, doc.getDocumentElement());
    File f = new File(DATA_DIR);
    dvc.setBaseURI(f.toURI().toString());
    dvc.setURIDereferencer(httpUd);

    XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

    if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
        throw new Exception
            ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
    }
    if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
        throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
    }
}
 

static void test_create_exc_signature() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating exc_signature.xml");
        List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>(4);

        // create reference 1
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList
                (fac.newTransform(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
                 (TransformParameterSpec) null)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 2
        List<String> prefixList = new ArrayList<String>(2);
        prefixList.add("bar");
        prefixList.add("#default");
        ExcC14NParameterSpec params = new ExcC14NParameterSpec(prefixList);
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList
                (fac.newTransform(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE, params)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 3
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform
                (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
                 (TransformParameterSpec) null)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 4
        prefixList = new ArrayList<String>(2);
        prefixList.add("bar");
        prefixList.add("#default");
        params = new ExcC14NParameterSpec(prefixList);
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform
                (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS, params)),
             null, null));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(
            fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
                (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
                 (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
            fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null), refs);

        // create KeyInfo
        List<XMLStructure> kits = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>(2);
        kits.add(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey));
        KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(kits);

        // create Objects
        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element baz = doc.createElementNS("urn:bar", "bar:Baz");
        Comment com = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        baz.appendChild(com);
        XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (new DOMStructure(baz)), "to-be-signed", null, null);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
            (si, ki, Collections.singletonList(obj), null, null);

        Element foo = doc.createElementNS("urn:foo", "Foo");
        foo.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "urn:foo");
        foo.setAttributeNS
            ("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns:bar", "urn:bar");
        doc.appendChild(foo);

        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, foo);
        dsc.putNamespacePrefix(XMLSignature.XMLNS, "dsig");

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector(), foo.getLastChild());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_sign_spec() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating sign-spec.xml");
        List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>(2);

        // create reference 1
        List<XPathType> types = new ArrayList<XPathType>(3);
        types.add(new XPathType(" //ToBeSigned ", XPathType.Filter.INTERSECT));
        types.add(new XPathType(" //NotToBeSigned ",
            XPathType.Filter.SUBTRACT));
        types.add(new XPathType(" //ReallyToBeSigned ",
            XPathType.Filter.UNION));
        XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp1 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec(types);
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("", fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp1)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 2
        List<Transform> trans2 = new ArrayList<Transform>(2);
        trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
            (TransformParameterSpec) null));
        XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp2 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec
            (Collections.singletonList
                (new XPathType(" / ", XPathType.Filter.UNION)));
        trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp2));
        refs.add(fac.newReference("#signature-value",
            fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null), trans2, null, null));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(
            fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
                (CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE,
                 (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
            fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null), refs);

        // create KeyInfo
        List<XMLStructure> kits = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>(2);
        kits.add(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey));
        List<Object> xds = new ArrayList<Object>(2);
        xds.add("CN=User");
        xds.add(signingCert);
        kits.add(kifac.newX509Data(xds));
        KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(kits);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
            (si, ki, null, null, "signature-value");

        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element tbs1 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
        Comment tbs1Com = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        Element tbs1Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        Element tbs1ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
        Element tbs1rtbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "ReallyToBeSigned");
        Comment tbs1rtbsCom = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        Element tbs1rtbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsCom);
        tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsData);
        tbs1ntbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbs);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Com);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Data);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1ntbs);

        Element tbs2 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
        Element tbs2Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        Element tbs2ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
        Element tbs2ntbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        tbs2ntbs.appendChild(tbs2ntbsData);
        tbs2.appendChild(tbs2Data);
        tbs2.appendChild(tbs2ntbs);

        Element document = doc.createElementNS(null, "Document");
        document.appendChild(tbs1);
        document.appendChild(tbs2);
        doc.appendChild(document);

        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, document);

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector(), document.getLastChild());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_sign_spec() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating sign-spec.xml");
        List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>(2);

        // create reference 1
        List<XPathType> types = new ArrayList<XPathType>(3);
        types.add(new XPathType(" //ToBeSigned ", XPathType.Filter.INTERSECT));
        types.add(new XPathType(" //NotToBeSigned ",
            XPathType.Filter.SUBTRACT));
        types.add(new XPathType(" //ReallyToBeSigned ",
            XPathType.Filter.UNION));
        XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp1 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec(types);
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("", fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp1)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 2
        List<Transform> trans2 = new ArrayList<Transform>(2);
        trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.ENVELOPED,
            (TransformParameterSpec) null));
        XPathFilter2ParameterSpec xp2 = new XPathFilter2ParameterSpec
            (Collections.singletonList
                (new XPathType(" / ", XPathType.Filter.UNION)));
        trans2.add(fac.newTransform(Transform.XPATH2, xp2));
        refs.add(fac.newReference("#signature-value",
            fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null), trans2, null, null));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(
            fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
                (CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE,
                 (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
            fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null), refs);

        // create KeyInfo
        List<XMLStructure> kits = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>(2);
        kits.add(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey));
        List<Object> xds = new ArrayList<Object>(2);
        xds.add("CN=User");
        xds.add(signingCert);
        kits.add(kifac.newX509Data(xds));
        KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(kits);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
            (si, ki, null, null, "signature-value");

        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element tbs1 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
        Comment tbs1Com = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        Element tbs1Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        Element tbs1ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
        Element tbs1rtbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "ReallyToBeSigned");
        Comment tbs1rtbsCom = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        Element tbs1rtbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsCom);
        tbs1rtbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbsData);
        tbs1ntbs.appendChild(tbs1rtbs);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Com);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1Data);
        tbs1.appendChild(tbs1ntbs);

        Element tbs2 = doc.createElementNS(null, "ToBeSigned");
        Element tbs2Data = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        Element tbs2ntbs = doc.createElementNS(null, "NotToBeSigned");
        Element tbs2ntbsData = doc.createElementNS(null, "Data");
        tbs2ntbs.appendChild(tbs2ntbsData);
        tbs2.appendChild(tbs2Data);
        tbs2.appendChild(tbs2ntbs);

        Element document = doc.createElementNS(null, "Document");
        document.appendChild(tbs1);
        document.appendChild(tbs2);
        doc.appendChild(document);

        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, document);

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector(), document.getLastChild());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_signature_reference_dependency() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating signature-reference-dependency.xml");
        // create references
        List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newReference("#object-1", sha1));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

        // create objects
        List<XMLStructure> objs = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>();

        // Object 1
        List<Reference> manRefs = Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newReference("#object-2", sha1));
        objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newManifest(manRefs, "manifest-1")), "object-1", null, null));

        // Object 2
        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
        nc.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "");
        nc.appendChild(doc.createComment(" Commentandum "));
        objs.add(fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-2", null, null));

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa, objs, "signature", null);
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA"), doc);

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new PrintWriter(System.out));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (kvks, doc.getDocumentElement());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }

        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_signature_with_attr_in_no_namespace()
        throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println
            ("* Generating signature-with-attr-in-no-namespace.xml");

        // create references
        List<Reference> refs = Collections.singletonList
            (fac.newReference("#unknown", sha1));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(withoutComments, rsaSha1, refs);

        // create object-1
        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element nc = doc.createElementNS(null, "NonCommentandus");
        // add attribute with no namespace
        nc.setAttribute("Id", "unknown");
        XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (new DOMStructure(nc)), "object-1", null, null);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature(si, rsa,
                                               Collections.singletonList(obj),
                                               "signature", null);
        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(getPrivateKey("RSA", 512), doc);
        dsc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new PrintWriter(System.out));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (kvks, doc.getDocumentElement());
        dvc.setIdAttributeNS(nc, null, "Id");
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }

        System.out.println();
    }
 

static void test_create_exc_signature() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("* Generating exc_signature.xml");
        List<Reference> refs = new ArrayList<Reference>(4);

        // create reference 1
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList
                (fac.newTransform(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
                 (TransformParameterSpec) null)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 2
        List<String> prefixList = new ArrayList<String>(2);
        prefixList.add("bar");
        prefixList.add("#default");
        ExcC14NParameterSpec params = new ExcC14NParameterSpec(prefixList);
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList
                (fac.newTransform(CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE, params)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 3
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform
                (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS,
                 (TransformParameterSpec) null)),
             null, null));

        // create reference 4
        prefixList = new ArrayList<String>(2);
        prefixList.add("bar");
        prefixList.add("#default");
        params = new ExcC14NParameterSpec(prefixList);
        refs.add(fac.newReference
            ("#xpointer(id('to-be-signed'))",
             fac.newDigestMethod(DigestMethod.SHA1, null),
             Collections.singletonList(fac.newTransform
                (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS, params)),
             null, null));

        // create SignedInfo
        SignedInfo si = fac.newSignedInfo(
            fac.newCanonicalizationMethod
                (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE,
                 (C14NMethodParameterSpec) null),
            fac.newSignatureMethod(SignatureMethod.DSA_SHA1, null), refs);

        // create KeyInfo
        List<XMLStructure> kits = new ArrayList<XMLStructure>(2);
        kits.add(kifac.newKeyValue(validatingKey));
        KeyInfo ki = kifac.newKeyInfo(kits);

        // create Objects
        Document doc = db.newDocument();
        Element baz = doc.createElementNS("urn:bar", "bar:Baz");
        Comment com = doc.createComment(" comment ");
        baz.appendChild(com);
        XMLObject obj = fac.newXMLObject(Collections.singletonList
            (new DOMStructure(baz)), "to-be-signed", null, null);

        // create XMLSignature
        XMLSignature sig = fac.newXMLSignature
            (si, ki, Collections.singletonList(obj), null, null);

        Element foo = doc.createElementNS("urn:foo", "Foo");
        foo.setAttributeNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns", "urn:foo");
        foo.setAttributeNS
            ("http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", "xmlns:bar", "urn:bar");
        doc.appendChild(foo);

        DOMSignContext dsc = new DOMSignContext(signingKey, foo);
        dsc.putNamespacePrefix(XMLSignature.XMLNS, "dsig");

        sig.sign(dsc);

//      dumpDocument(doc, new FileWriter("/tmp/foo.xml"));

        DOMValidateContext dvc = new DOMValidateContext
            (new KeySelectors.KeyValueKeySelector(), foo.getLastChild());
        XMLSignature sig2 = fac.unmarshalXMLSignature(dvc);

        if (sig.equals(sig2) == false) {
            throw new Exception
                ("Unmarshalled signature is not equal to generated signature");
        }
        if (sig2.validate(dvc) == false) {
            throw new Exception("Validation of generated signature failed");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }