/*
* Copyright (c) [2016] [ <ether.camp> ]
* This file is part of the ethereumJ library.
*
* The ethereumJ library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* The ethereumJ library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* along with the ethereumJ library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package com.quincysx.crypto.ethereum.utils;
import org.spongycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class ByteUtil {
public static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0];
public static final byte[] ZERO_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[]{0};
/**
* Creates a copy of bytes and appends b to the end of it
*/
public static byte[] appendByte(byte[] bytes, byte b) {
byte[] result = Arrays.copyOf(bytes, bytes.length + 1);
result[result.length - 1] = b;
return result;
}
/**
* The regular {@link BigInteger#toByteArray()} method isn't quite what we often need:
* it appends a leading zero to indicate that the number is positive and may need padding.
*
* @param b the integer to format into a byte array
* @param numBytes the desired size of the resulting byte array
* @return numBytes byte long array.
*/
public static byte[] bigIntegerToBytes(BigInteger b, int numBytes) {
if (b == null)
return null;
byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes];
byte[] biBytes = b.toByteArray();
int start = (biBytes.length == numBytes + 1) ? 1 : 0;
int length = Math.min(biBytes.length, numBytes);
System.arraycopy(biBytes, start, bytes, numBytes - length, length);
return bytes;
}
public static byte[] bigIntegerToBytesSigned(BigInteger b, int numBytes) {
if (b == null)
return null;
byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes];
Arrays.fill(bytes, b.signum() < 0 ? (byte) 0xFF : 0x00);
byte[] biBytes = b.toByteArray();
int start = (biBytes.length == numBytes + 1) ? 1 : 0;
int length = Math.min(biBytes.length, numBytes);
System.arraycopy(biBytes, start, bytes, numBytes - length, length);
return bytes;
}
/**
* Omitting sign indication byte.
* <br><br>
* Instead of {@link org.spongycastle.util.BigIntegers#asUnsignedByteArray(BigInteger)}
* <br>we use this custom method to avoid an empty array in case of BigInteger.ZERO
*
* @param value - any big integer number. A <code>null</code>-value will return <code>null</code>
* @return A byte array without a leading zero byte if present in the signed encoding.
* BigInteger.ZERO will return an array with length 1 and byte-value 0.
*/
public static byte[] bigIntegerToBytes(BigInteger value) {
if (value == null)
return null;
byte[] data = value.toByteArray();
if (data.length != 1 && data[0] == 0) {
byte[] tmp = new byte[data.length - 1];
System.arraycopy(data, 1, tmp, 0, tmp.length);
data = tmp;
}
return data;
}
/**
* Cast hex encoded value from byte[] to BigInteger
* null is parsed like byte[0]
*
* @param bb byte array contains the values
* @return unsigned positive BigInteger value.
*/
public static BigInteger bytesToBigInteger(byte[] bb) {
return (bb == null || bb.length == 0) ? BigInteger.ZERO : new BigInteger(1, bb);
}
/**
* Returns the amount of nibbles that match each other from 0 ...
* amount will never be larger than smallest input
*
* @param a - first input
* @param b - second input
* @return Number of bytes that match
*/
public static int matchingNibbleLength(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
int i = 0;
int length = a.length < b.length ? a.length : b.length;
while (i < length) {
if (a[i] != b[i])
return i;
i++;
}
return i;
}
/**
* Converts a long value into a byte array.
*
* @param val - long value to convert
* @return <code>byte[]</code> of length 8, representing the long value
*/
public static byte[] longToBytes(long val) {
return ByteBuffer.allocate(Long.BYTES).putLong(val).array();
}
/**
* Converts a long value into a byte array.
*
* @param val - long value to convert
* @return decimal value with leading byte that are zeroes striped
*/
public static byte[] longToBytesNoLeadZeroes(long val) {
// todo: improve performance by while strip numbers until (long >> 8 == 0)
if (val == 0) return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
byte[] data = ByteBuffer.allocate(Long.BYTES).putLong(val).array();
return stripLeadingZeroes(data);
}
/**
* Converts int value into a byte array.
*
* @param val - int value to convert
* @return <code>byte[]</code> of length 4, representing the int value
*/
public static byte[] intToBytes(int val){
return ByteBuffer.allocate(Integer.BYTES).putInt(val).array();
}
/**
* Converts a int value into a byte array.
*
* @param val - int value to convert
* @return value with leading byte that are zeroes striped
*/
public static byte[] intToBytesNoLeadZeroes(int val){
if (val == 0) return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
int lenght = 0;
int tmpVal = val;
while (tmpVal != 0){
tmpVal = tmpVal >>> 8;
++lenght;
}
byte[] result = new byte[lenght];
int index = result.length - 1;
while(val != 0){
result[index] = (byte)(val & 0xFF);
val = val >>> 8;
index -= 1;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Convert a byte-array into a hex String.<br>
* Works similar to {@link Hex#toHexString}
* but allows for <code>null</code>
*
* @param data - byte-array to convert to a hex-string
* @return hex representation of the data.<br>
* Returns an empty String if the input is <code>null</code>
*
* @see Hex#toHexString
*/
public static String toHexString(byte[] data) {
return data == null ? "" : Hex.toHexString(data);
}
/**
* Calculate packet length
*
* @param msg byte[]
* @return byte-array with 4 elements
*/
public static byte[] calcPacketLength(byte[] msg) {
int msgLen = msg.length;
return new byte[]{
(byte) ((msgLen >> 24) & 0xFF),
(byte) ((msgLen >> 16) & 0xFF),
(byte) ((msgLen >> 8) & 0xFF),
(byte) ((msgLen) & 0xFF)};
}
/**
* Cast hex encoded value from byte[] to int
* null is parsed like byte[0]
*
* Limited to Integer.MAX_VALUE: 2^32-1 (4 bytes)
*
* @param b array contains the values
* @return unsigned positive int value.
*/
public static int byteArrayToInt(byte[] b) {
if (b == null || b.length == 0)
return 0;
return new BigInteger(1, b).intValue();
}
/**
* Cast hex encoded value from byte[] to long
* null is parsed like byte[0]
*
* Limited to Long.MAX_VALUE: 2<sup>63</sup>-1 (8 bytes)
*
* @param b array contains the values
* @return unsigned positive long value.
*/
public static long byteArrayToLong(byte[] b) {
if (b == null || b.length == 0)
return 0;
return new BigInteger(1, b).longValue();
}
/**
* Turn nibbles to a pretty looking output string
*
* Example. [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] becomes '\x11\x23\x45'
*
* @param nibbles - getting byte of data [ 04 ] and turning
* it to a '\x04' representation
* @return pretty string of nibbles
*/
public static String nibblesToPrettyString(byte[] nibbles) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (byte nibble : nibbles) {
final String nibbleString = oneByteToHexString(nibble);
builder.append("\\x").append(nibbleString);
}
return builder.toString();
}
public static String oneByteToHexString(byte value) {
String retVal = Integer.toString(value & 0xFF, 16);
if (retVal.length() == 1) retVal = "0" + retVal;
return retVal;
}
/**
* Calculate the number of bytes need
* to encode the number
*
* @param val - number
* @return number of min bytes used to encode the number
*/
public static int numBytes(String val) {
BigInteger bInt = new BigInteger(val);
int bytes = 0;
while (!bInt.equals(BigInteger.ZERO)) {
bInt = bInt.shiftRight(8);
++bytes;
}
if (bytes == 0) ++bytes;
return bytes;
}
/**
* @param arg - not more that 32 bits
* @return - bytes of the value pad with complete to 32 zeroes
*/
public static byte[] encodeValFor32Bits(Object arg) {
byte[] data;
// check if the string is numeric
if (arg.toString().trim().matches("-?\\d+(\\.\\d+)?"))
data = new BigInteger(arg.toString().trim()).toByteArray();
// check if it's hex number
else if (arg.toString().trim().matches("0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+"))
data = new BigInteger(arg.toString().trim().substring(2), 16).toByteArray();
else
data = arg.toString().trim().getBytes();
if (data.length > 32)
throw new RuntimeException("values can't be more than 32 byte");
byte[] val = new byte[32];
int j = 0;
for (int i = data.length; i > 0; --i) {
val[31 - j] = data[i - 1];
++j;
}
return val;
}
/**
* encode the values and concatenate together
*
* @param args Object
* @return byte[]
*/
public static byte[] encodeDataList(Object... args) {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
for (Object arg : args) {
byte[] val = encodeValFor32Bits(arg);
try {
baos.write(val);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new Error("Happen something that should never happen ", e);
}
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
public static int firstNonZeroByte(byte[] data) {
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
if (data[i] != 0) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
public static byte[] stripLeadingZeroes(byte[] data) {
if (data == null)
return null;
final int firstNonZero = firstNonZeroByte(data);
switch (firstNonZero) {
case -1:
return ZERO_BYTE_ARRAY;
case 0:
return data;
default:
byte[] result = new byte[data.length - firstNonZero];
System.arraycopy(data, firstNonZero, result, 0, data.length - firstNonZero);
return result;
}
}
/**
* increment byte array as a number until max is reached
*
* @param bytes byte[]
* @return boolean
*/
public static boolean increment(byte[] bytes) {
final int startIndex = 0;
int i;
for (i = bytes.length - 1; i >= startIndex; i--) {
bytes[i]++;
if (bytes[i] != 0)
break;
}
// we return false when all bytes are 0 again
return (i >= startIndex || bytes[startIndex] != 0);
}
/**
* Utility function to copy a byte array into a new byte array with given size.
* If the src length is smaller than the given size, the result will be left-padded
* with zeros.
*
* @param value - a BigInteger with a maximum value of 2^256-1
* @return Byte array of given size with a copy of the <code>src</code>
*/
public static byte[] copyToArray(BigInteger value) {
byte[] src = ByteUtil.bigIntegerToBytes(value);
byte[] dest = ByteBuffer.allocate(32).array();
System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, dest.length - src.length, src.length);
return dest;
}
// public static ByteArrayWrapper wrap(byte[] data) {
// return new ByteArrayWrapper(data);
// }
public static byte[] setBit(byte[] data, int pos, int val) {
if ((data.length * 8) - 1 < pos)
throw new Error("outside byte array limit, pos: " + pos);
int posByte = data.length - 1 - (pos) / 8;
int posBit = (pos) % 8;
byte setter = (byte) (1 << (posBit));
byte toBeSet = data[posByte];
byte result;
if (val == 1)
result = (byte) (toBeSet | setter);
else
result = (byte) (toBeSet & ~setter);
data[posByte] = result;
return data;
}
public static int getBit(byte[] data, int pos) {
if ((data.length * 8) - 1 < pos)
throw new Error("outside byte array limit, pos: " + pos);
int posByte = data.length - 1 - pos / 8;
int posBit = pos % 8;
byte dataByte = data[posByte];
return Math.min(1, (dataByte & (1 << (posBit))));
}
public static byte[] and(byte[] b1, byte[] b2) {
if (b1.length != b2.length) throw new RuntimeException("Array sizes differ");
byte[] ret = new byte[b1.length];
for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
ret[i] = (byte) (b1[i] & b2[i]);
}
return ret;
}
public static byte[] or(byte[] b1, byte[] b2) {
if (b1.length != b2.length) throw new RuntimeException("Array sizes differ");
byte[] ret = new byte[b1.length];
for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
ret[i] = (byte) (b1[i] | b2[i]);
}
return ret;
}
public static byte[] xor(byte[] b1, byte[] b2) {
if (b1.length != b2.length) throw new RuntimeException("Array sizes differ");
byte[] ret = new byte[b1.length];
for (int i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
ret[i] = (byte) (b1[i] ^ b2[i]);
}
return ret;
}
/**
* XORs byte arrays of different lengths by aligning length of the shortest via adding zeros at beginning
*/
public static byte[] xorAlignRight(byte[] b1, byte[] b2) {
if (b1.length > b2.length) {
byte[] b2_ = new byte[b1.length];
System.arraycopy(b2, 0, b2_, b1.length - b2.length, b2.length);
b2 = b2_;
} else if (b2.length > b1.length) {
byte[] b1_ = new byte[b2.length];
System.arraycopy(b1, 0, b1_, b2.length - b1.length, b1.length);
b1 = b1_;
}
return xor(b1, b2);
}
/**
* @param arrays - arrays to merge
* @return - merged array
*/
public static byte[] merge(byte[]... arrays)
{
int arrCount = 0;
int count = 0;
for (byte[] array: arrays)
{
arrCount++;
count += array.length;
}
// Create new array and copy all array contents
byte[] mergedArray = new byte[count];
int start = 0;
for (byte[] array: arrays) {
System.arraycopy(array, 0, mergedArray, start, array.length);
start += array.length;
}
return mergedArray;
}
public static boolean isNullOrZeroArray(byte[] array){
return (array == null) || (array.length == 0);
}
public static boolean isSingleZero(byte[] array){
return (array.length == 1 && array[0] == 0);
}
public static Set<byte[]> difference(Set<byte[]> setA, Set<byte[]> setB){
Set<byte[]> result = new HashSet<>();
for (byte[] elementA : setA){
boolean found = false;
for (byte[] elementB : setB){
if (Arrays.equals(elementA, elementB)){
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (!found) result.add(elementA);
}
return result;
}
public static int length(byte[]... bytes) {
int result = 0;
for (byte[] array : bytes) {
result += (array == null) ? 0 : array.length;
}
return result;
}
public static byte[] intsToBytes(int[] arr, boolean bigEndian) {
byte[] ret = new byte[arr.length * 4];
intsToBytes(arr, ret, bigEndian);
return ret;
}
public static int[] bytesToInts(byte[] arr, boolean bigEndian) {
int[] ret = new int[arr.length / 4];
bytesToInts(arr, ret, bigEndian);
return ret;
}
public static void bytesToInts(byte[] b, int[] arr, boolean bigEndian) {
if (!bigEndian) {
int off = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
int ii = b[off++] & 0x000000FF;
ii |= (b[off++] << 8) & 0x0000FF00;
ii |= (b[off++] << 16) & 0x00FF0000;
ii |= (b[off++] << 24);
arr[i] = ii;
}
} else {
int off = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
int ii = b[off++] << 24;
ii |= (b[off++] << 16) & 0x00FF0000;
ii |= (b[off++] << 8) & 0x0000FF00;
ii |= b[off++] & 0x000000FF;
arr[i] = ii;
}
}
}
public static void intsToBytes(int[] arr, byte[] b, boolean bigEndian) {
if (!bigEndian) {
int off = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
int ii = arr[i];
b[off++] = (byte) (ii & 0xFF);
b[off++] = (byte) ((ii >> 8) & 0xFF);
b[off++] = (byte) ((ii >> 16) & 0xFF);
b[off++] = (byte) ((ii >> 24) & 0xFF);
}
} else {
int off = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
int ii = arr[i];
b[off++] = (byte) ((ii >> 24) & 0xFF);
b[off++] = (byte) ((ii >> 16) & 0xFF);
b[off++] = (byte) ((ii >> 8) & 0xFF);
b[off++] = (byte) (ii & 0xFF);
}
}
}
public static short bigEndianToShort(byte[] bs) {
return bigEndianToShort(bs, 0);
}
public static short bigEndianToShort(byte[] bs, int off) {
int n = bs[off] << 8;
++off;
n |= bs[off] & 0xFF;
return (short) n;
}
public static byte[] shortToBytes(short n) {
return ByteBuffer.allocate(2).putShort(n).array();
}
/**
* Converts string hex representation to data bytes
* Accepts following hex:
* - with or without 0x prefix
* - with no leading 0, like 0xabc -> 0x0abc
* @param data String like '0xa5e..' or just 'a5e..'
* @return decoded bytes array
*/
public static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String data) {
if (data == null) return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
if (data.startsWith("0x")) data = data.substring(2);
if (data.length() % 2 == 1) data = "0" + data;
return Hex.decode(data);
}
/**
* Converts string representation of host/ip to 4-bytes byte[] IPv4
*/
public static byte[] hostToBytes(String ip) {
byte[] bytesIp;
try {
bytesIp = InetAddress.getByName(ip).getAddress();
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
bytesIp = new byte[4]; // fall back to invalid 0.0.0.0 address
}
return bytesIp;
}
/**
* Converts 4 bytes IPv4 IP to String representation
*/
public static String bytesToIp(byte[] bytesIp) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(bytesIp[0] & 0xFF);
sb.append(".");
sb.append(bytesIp[1] & 0xFF);
sb.append(".");
sb.append(bytesIp[2] & 0xFF);
sb.append(".");
sb.append(bytesIp[3] & 0xFF);
String ip = sb.toString();
return ip;
}
/**
* Returns a number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit
* interpreting input array as a big-endian integer value
*/
public static int numberOfLeadingZeros(byte[] bytes) {
int i = firstNonZeroByte(bytes);
if (i == -1) {
return bytes.length * 8;
} else {
int byteLeadingZeros = Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros((int)bytes[i] & 0xff) - 24;
return i * 8 + byteLeadingZeros;
}
}
/**
* Parses fixed number of bytes starting from {@code offset} in {@code input} array.
* If {@code input} has not enough bytes return array will be right padded with zero bytes.
* I.e. if {@code offset} is higher than {@code input.length} then zero byte array of length {@code len} will be returned
*/
public static byte[] parseBytes(byte[] input, int offset, int len) {
if (offset >= input.length || len == 0)
return EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY;
byte[] bytes = new byte[len];
System.arraycopy(input, offset, bytes, 0, Math.min(input.length - offset, len));
return bytes;
}
/**
* Parses 32-bytes word from given input.
* Uses {@link #parseBytes(byte[], int, int)} method,
* thus, result will be right-padded with zero bytes if there is not enough bytes in {@code input}
*
* @param idx an index of the word starting from {@code 0}
*/
public static byte[] parseWord(byte[] input, int idx) {
return parseBytes(input, 32 * idx, 32);
}
/**
* Parses 32-bytes word from given input.
* Uses {@link #parseBytes(byte[], int, int)} method,
* thus, result will be right-padded with zero bytes if there is not enough bytes in {@code input}
*
* @param idx an index of the word starting from {@code 0}
* @param offset an offset in {@code input} array to start parsing from
*/
public static byte[] parseWord(byte[] input, int offset, int idx) {
return parseBytes(input, offset + 32 * idx, 32);
}
}
