/*
 * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.google.android.exoplayer2.upstream.cache;

import android.net.Uri;
import android.util.Pair;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.annotation.WorkerThread;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.C;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.upstream.DataSource;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.upstream.DataSourceException;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.upstream.DataSpec;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.util.Assertions;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.util.PriorityTaskManager;
import com.google.android.exoplayer2.util.Util;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.NavigableSet;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

/**
 * Caching related utility methods.
 */
public final class CacheUtil {

  /** Receives progress updates during cache operations. */
  public interface ProgressListener {

    /**
     * Called when progress is made during a cache operation.
     *
     * @param requestLength The length of the content being cached in bytes, or {@link
     *     C#LENGTH_UNSET} if unknown.
     * @param bytesCached The number of bytes that are cached.
     * @param newBytesCached The number of bytes that have been newly cached since the last progress
     *     update.
     */
    void onProgress(long requestLength, long bytesCached, long newBytesCached);
  }

  /** Default buffer size to be used while caching. */
  public static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE_BYTES = 128 * 1024;

  /** Default {@link CacheKeyFactory}. */
  public static final CacheKeyFactory DEFAULT_CACHE_KEY_FACTORY =
      (dataSpec) -> dataSpec.key != null ? dataSpec.key : generateKey(dataSpec.uri);

  /**
   * Generates a cache key out of the given {@link Uri}.
   *
   * @param uri Uri of a content which the requested key is for.
   */
  public static String generateKey(Uri uri) {
    return uri.toString();
  }

  /**
   * Queries the cache to obtain the request length and the number of bytes already cached for a
   * given {@link DataSpec}.
   *
   * @param dataSpec Defines the data to be checked.
   * @param cache A {@link Cache} which has the data.
   * @param cacheKeyFactory An optional factory for cache keys.
   * @return A pair containing the request length and the number of bytes that are already cached.
   */
  public static Pair<Long, Long> getCached(
      DataSpec dataSpec, Cache cache, @Nullable CacheKeyFactory cacheKeyFactory) {
    String key = buildCacheKey(dataSpec, cacheKeyFactory);
    long position = dataSpec.absoluteStreamPosition;
    long requestLength = getRequestLength(dataSpec, cache, key);
    long bytesAlreadyCached = 0;
    long bytesLeft = requestLength;
    while (bytesLeft != 0) {
      long blockLength =
          cache.getCachedLength(
              key, position, bytesLeft != C.LENGTH_UNSET ? bytesLeft : Long.MAX_VALUE);
      if (blockLength > 0) {
        bytesAlreadyCached += blockLength;
      } else {
        blockLength = -blockLength;
        if (blockLength == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
          break;
        }
      }
      position += blockLength;
      bytesLeft -= bytesLeft == C.LENGTH_UNSET ? 0 : blockLength;
    }
    return Pair.create(requestLength, bytesAlreadyCached);
  }

  /**
   * Caches the data defined by {@code dataSpec}, skipping already cached data. Caching stops early
   * if the end of the input is reached.
   *
   * <p>This method may be slow and shouldn't normally be called on the main thread.
   *
   * @param dataSpec Defines the data to be cached.
   * @param cache A {@link Cache} to store the data.
   * @param cacheKeyFactory An optional factory for cache keys.
   * @param upstream A {@link DataSource} for reading data not in the cache.
   * @param progressListener A listener to receive progress updates, or {@code null}.
   * @param isCanceled An optional flag that will interrupt caching if set to true.
   * @throws IOException If an error occurs reading from the source.
   * @throws InterruptedException If the thread was interrupted directly or via {@code isCanceled}.
   */
  @WorkerThread
  public static void cache(
      DataSpec dataSpec,
      Cache cache,
      @Nullable CacheKeyFactory cacheKeyFactory,
      DataSource upstream,
      @Nullable ProgressListener progressListener,
      @Nullable AtomicBoolean isCanceled)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    cache(
        dataSpec,
        cache,
        cacheKeyFactory,
        new CacheDataSource(cache, upstream),
        new byte[DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE_BYTES],
        /* priorityTaskManager= */ null,
        /* priority= */ 0,
        progressListener,
        isCanceled,
        /* enableEOFException= */ false);
  }

  /**
   * Caches the data defined by {@code dataSpec} while skipping already cached data. Caching stops
   * early if end of input is reached and {@code enableEOFException} is false.
   *
   * <p>If a {@link PriorityTaskManager} is given, it's used to pause and resume caching depending
   * on {@code priority} and the priority of other tasks registered to the PriorityTaskManager.
   * Please note that it's the responsibility of the calling code to call {@link
   * PriorityTaskManager#add} to register with the manager before calling this method, and to call
   * {@link PriorityTaskManager#remove} afterwards to unregister.
   *
   * <p>This method may be slow and shouldn't normally be called on the main thread.
   *
   * @param dataSpec Defines the data to be cached.
   * @param cache A {@link Cache} to store the data.
   * @param cacheKeyFactory An optional factory for cache keys.
   * @param dataSource A {@link CacheDataSource} that works on the {@code cache}.
   * @param buffer The buffer to be used while caching.
   * @param priorityTaskManager If not null it's used to check whether it is allowed to proceed with
   *     caching.
   * @param priority The priority of this task. Used with {@code priorityTaskManager}.
   * @param progressListener A listener to receive progress updates, or {@code null}.
   * @param isCanceled An optional flag that will interrupt caching if set to true.
   * @param enableEOFException Whether to throw an {@link EOFException} if end of input has been
   *     reached unexpectedly.
   * @throws IOException If an error occurs reading from the source.
   * @throws InterruptedException If the thread was interrupted directly or via {@code isCanceled}.
   */
  @WorkerThread
  public static void cache(
      DataSpec dataSpec,
      Cache cache,
      @Nullable CacheKeyFactory cacheKeyFactory,
      CacheDataSource dataSource,
      byte[] buffer,
      @Nullable PriorityTaskManager priorityTaskManager,
      int priority,
      @Nullable ProgressListener progressListener,
      @Nullable AtomicBoolean isCanceled,
      boolean enableEOFException)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    Assertions.checkNotNull(dataSource);
    Assertions.checkNotNull(buffer);

    String key = buildCacheKey(dataSpec, cacheKeyFactory);
    long bytesLeft;
    ProgressNotifier progressNotifier = null;
    if (progressListener != null) {
      progressNotifier = new ProgressNotifier(progressListener);
      Pair<Long, Long> lengthAndBytesAlreadyCached = getCached(dataSpec, cache, cacheKeyFactory);
      progressNotifier.init(lengthAndBytesAlreadyCached.first, lengthAndBytesAlreadyCached.second);
      bytesLeft = lengthAndBytesAlreadyCached.first;
    } else {
      bytesLeft = getRequestLength(dataSpec, cache, key);
    }

    long position = dataSpec.absoluteStreamPosition;
    boolean lengthUnset = bytesLeft == C.LENGTH_UNSET;
    while (bytesLeft != 0) {
      throwExceptionIfInterruptedOrCancelled(isCanceled);
      long blockLength =
          cache.getCachedLength(key, position, lengthUnset ? Long.MAX_VALUE : bytesLeft);
      if (blockLength > 0) {
        // Skip already cached data.
      } else {
        // There is a hole in the cache which is at least "-blockLength" long.
        blockLength = -blockLength;
        long length = blockLength == Long.MAX_VALUE ? C.LENGTH_UNSET : blockLength;
        boolean isLastBlock = length == bytesLeft;
        long read =
            readAndDiscard(
                dataSpec,
                position,
                length,
                dataSource,
                buffer,
                priorityTaskManager,
                priority,
                progressNotifier,
                isLastBlock,
                isCanceled);
        if (read < blockLength) {
          // Reached to the end of the data.
          if (enableEOFException && !lengthUnset) {
            throw new EOFException();
          }
          break;
        }
      }
      position += blockLength;
      if (!lengthUnset) {
        bytesLeft -= blockLength;
      }
    }
  }

  private static long getRequestLength(DataSpec dataSpec, Cache cache, String key) {
    if (dataSpec.length != C.LENGTH_UNSET) {
      return dataSpec.length;
    } else {
      long contentLength = ContentMetadata.getContentLength(cache.getContentMetadata(key));
      return contentLength == C.LENGTH_UNSET
          ? C.LENGTH_UNSET
          : contentLength - dataSpec.absoluteStreamPosition;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Reads and discards all data specified by the {@code dataSpec}.
   *
   * @param dataSpec Defines the data to be read. {@code absoluteStreamPosition} and {@code length}
   *     fields are overwritten by the following parameters.
   * @param absoluteStreamPosition The absolute position of the data to be read.
   * @param length Length of the data to be read, or {@link C#LENGTH_UNSET} if it is unknown.
   * @param dataSource The {@link DataSource} to read the data from.
   * @param buffer The buffer to be used while downloading.
   * @param priorityTaskManager If not null it's used to check whether it is allowed to proceed with
   *     caching.
   * @param priority The priority of this task.
   * @param progressNotifier A notifier through which to report progress updates, or {@code null}.
   * @param isLastBlock Whether this read block is the last block of the content.
   * @param isCanceled An optional flag that will interrupt caching if set to true.
   * @return Number of read bytes, or 0 if no data is available because the end of the opened range
   *     has been reached.
   */
  private static long readAndDiscard(
      DataSpec dataSpec,
      long absoluteStreamPosition,
      long length,
      DataSource dataSource,
      byte[] buffer,
      @Nullable PriorityTaskManager priorityTaskManager,
      int priority,
      @Nullable ProgressNotifier progressNotifier,
      boolean isLastBlock,
      @Nullable AtomicBoolean isCanceled)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    long positionOffset = absoluteStreamPosition - dataSpec.absoluteStreamPosition;
    long initialPositionOffset = positionOffset;
    long endOffset = length != C.LENGTH_UNSET ? positionOffset + length : C.POSITION_UNSET;
    while (true) {
      if (priorityTaskManager != null) {
        // Wait for any other thread with higher priority to finish its job.
        priorityTaskManager.proceed(priority);
      }
      throwExceptionIfInterruptedOrCancelled(isCanceled);
      try {
        long resolvedLength = C.LENGTH_UNSET;
        boolean isDataSourceOpen = false;
        if (endOffset != C.POSITION_UNSET) {
          // If a specific length is given, first try to open the data source for that length to
          // avoid more data then required to be requested. If the given length exceeds the end of
          // input we will get a "position out of range" error. In that case try to open the source
          // again with unset length.
          try {
            resolvedLength =
                dataSource.open(dataSpec.subrange(positionOffset, endOffset - positionOffset));
            isDataSourceOpen = true;
          } catch (IOException exception) {
            if (!isLastBlock || !isCausedByPositionOutOfRange(exception)) {
              throw exception;
            }
            Util.closeQuietly(dataSource);
          }
        }
        if (!isDataSourceOpen) {
          resolvedLength = dataSource.open(dataSpec.subrange(positionOffset, C.LENGTH_UNSET));
        }
        if (isLastBlock && progressNotifier != null && resolvedLength != C.LENGTH_UNSET) {
          progressNotifier.onRequestLengthResolved(positionOffset + resolvedLength);
        }
        while (positionOffset != endOffset) {
          throwExceptionIfInterruptedOrCancelled(isCanceled);
          int bytesRead =
              dataSource.read(
                  buffer,
                  0,
                  endOffset != C.POSITION_UNSET
                      ? (int) Math.min(buffer.length, endOffset - positionOffset)
                      : buffer.length);
          if (bytesRead == C.RESULT_END_OF_INPUT) {
            if (progressNotifier != null) {
              progressNotifier.onRequestLengthResolved(positionOffset);
            }
            break;
          }
          positionOffset += bytesRead;
          if (progressNotifier != null) {
            progressNotifier.onBytesCached(bytesRead);
          }
        }
        return positionOffset - initialPositionOffset;
      } catch (PriorityTaskManager.PriorityTooLowException exception) {
        // catch and try again
      } finally {
        Util.closeQuietly(dataSource);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Removes all of the data specified by the {@code dataSpec}.
   *
   * <p>This methods blocks until the operation is complete.
   *
   * @param dataSpec Defines the data to be removed.
   * @param cache A {@link Cache} to store the data.
   * @param cacheKeyFactory An optional factory for cache keys.
   */
  @WorkerThread
  public static void remove(
      DataSpec dataSpec, Cache cache, @Nullable CacheKeyFactory cacheKeyFactory) {
    remove(cache, buildCacheKey(dataSpec, cacheKeyFactory));
  }

  /**
   * Removes all of the data specified by the {@code key}.
   *
   * <p>This methods blocks until the operation is complete.
   *
   * @param cache A {@link Cache} to store the data.
   * @param key The key whose data should be removed.
   */
  @WorkerThread
  public static void remove(Cache cache, String key) {
    NavigableSet<CacheSpan> cachedSpans = cache.getCachedSpans(key);
    for (CacheSpan cachedSpan : cachedSpans) {
      try {
        cache.removeSpan(cachedSpan);
      } catch (Cache.CacheException e) {
        // Do nothing.
      }
    }
  }

  /* package */ static boolean isCausedByPositionOutOfRange(IOException e) {
    Throwable cause = e;
    while (cause != null) {
      if (cause instanceof DataSourceException) {
        int reason = ((DataSourceException) cause).reason;
        if (reason == DataSourceException.POSITION_OUT_OF_RANGE) {
          return true;
        }
      }
      cause = cause.getCause();
    }
    return false;
  }

  private static String buildCacheKey(
      DataSpec dataSpec, @Nullable CacheKeyFactory cacheKeyFactory) {
    return (cacheKeyFactory != null ? cacheKeyFactory : DEFAULT_CACHE_KEY_FACTORY)
        .buildCacheKey(dataSpec);
  }

  private static void throwExceptionIfInterruptedOrCancelled(@Nullable AtomicBoolean isCanceled)
      throws InterruptedException {
    if (Thread.interrupted() || (isCanceled != null && isCanceled.get())) {
      throw new InterruptedException();
    }
  }

  private CacheUtil() {}

  private static final class ProgressNotifier {
    /** The listener to notify when progress is made. */
    private final ProgressListener listener;
    /** The length of the content being cached in bytes, or {@link C#LENGTH_UNSET} if unknown. */
    private long requestLength;
    /** The number of bytes that are cached. */
    private long bytesCached;

    public ProgressNotifier(ProgressListener listener) {
      this.listener = listener;
    }

    public void init(long requestLength, long bytesCached) {
      this.requestLength = requestLength;
      this.bytesCached = bytesCached;
      listener.onProgress(requestLength, bytesCached, /* newBytesCached= */ 0);
    }

    public void onRequestLengthResolved(long requestLength) {
      if (this.requestLength == C.LENGTH_UNSET && requestLength != C.LENGTH_UNSET) {
        this.requestLength = requestLength;
        listener.onProgress(requestLength, bytesCached, /* newBytesCached= */ 0);
      }
    }

    public void onBytesCached(long newBytesCached) {
      bytesCached += newBytesCached;
      listener.onProgress(requestLength, bytesCached, newBytesCached);
    }
  }
}