Java Code Examples for java.net.URLEncoder

/**
 * Sets the URL to request.
 * @param url    The URL without query
 * @param params A map that contains URL query parameters into key and value. The key and value
 *               will be percent encoded as UTF-8.
 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException Occurs when UTF-8 is not available.
 * @since v1.1.0
 */
@NotNull
public HttpRequester setUrl(@NotNull String url, @NotNull Map<String, String> params)
		throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
	StringBuilder queryString = new StringBuilder();

	// Convert the params map into a query string.
	for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet())
	{
		if (queryString.length() != 0)
			queryString.append('&');

		String encodedKey = URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8");
		String encodedValue = URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8");

		queryString.append(encodedKey);
		queryString.append('=');
		queryString.append(encodedValue);
	}

	return setUrl(url + '?' + queryString.toString());
}
 

private void searchKeywordNextPage(String keyword) {
    try {
        String unitStr = URLEncoder.encode(keyword, "utf8");  //字體要utf8編碼
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(ConfigUtil.GOOGLE_SEARCH_API);
        sb.append("location=" + mLatitude + "," + mLongitude);
        sb.append("&radius=" + radius);
        sb.append("&language =" + language);
        sb.append("&types=" + keyword);
        sb.append("&sensor=true");
        sb.append("&key=" + ConfigUtil.API_KEY_GOOGLE_MAP);  //server key
        sb.append("&pagetoken=" + page_token);
        MainActivity.PlacesTask placesTask = new MainActivity.PlacesTask(MainActivity.this);
        Log.v(TAG, sb.toString());
        placesTask.execute(sb.toString());
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        Log.i(ConfigUtil.TAG, "Exception:" + e);
    }
}
 

private URL provideURL(String[] coords) throws UnsupportedEncodingException, MalformedURLException {
    SharedPreferences sp = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
    String apiKey = sp.getString("apiKey", activity.getResources().getString(R.string.apiKey));

    StringBuilder urlBuilder = new StringBuilder("http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/");
    urlBuilder.append(getAPIName()).append("?");
    if (coords.length == 2) {
        urlBuilder.append("lat=").append(coords[0]).append("&lon=").append(coords[1]);
    } else {
        final String city = sp.getString("city", Constants.DEFAULT_CITY);
        urlBuilder.append("q=").append(URLEncoder.encode(city, "UTF-8"));
    }
    urlBuilder.append("&lang=").append(getLanguage());
    urlBuilder.append("&mode=json");
    urlBuilder.append("&appid=").append(apiKey);

    return new URL(urlBuilder.toString());
}
 

static String convertMapToString(Map<String,String> maps){
    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

    for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
        if (stringBuilder.length() > 0) {
            stringBuilder.append("&");
        }
        String value = maps.get(key);
        try {
            stringBuilder.append((key != null ? URLEncoder.encode(key, "UTF-8") : ""));
            stringBuilder.append("=");
            stringBuilder.append(value != null ? URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8") : "");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("This method requires UTF-8 encoding support", e);
        }
    }

    return stringBuilder.toString();
}
 

@ApiOperation(value = "认证中心首页")
@RequestMapping(value = "/index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String index(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
    String appid = request.getParameter("appid");
    String backurl = request.getParameter("backurl");
    if (StringUtils.isBlank(appid)) {
        throw new RuntimeException("无效访问！");
    }
    // 判断请求认证系统是否注册
    UpmsSystemExample upmsSystemExample = new UpmsSystemExample();
    upmsSystemExample.createCriteria()
            .andNameEqualTo(appid);
    int count = upmsSystemService.countByExample(upmsSystemExample);
    if (0 == count) {
        throw new RuntimeException(String.format("未注册的系统:%s", appid));
    }
    return "redirect:/sso/login?backurl=" + URLEncoder.encode(backurl, "utf-8");
}
 

private String getQuery(List<NameValuePair> params) throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    boolean first = true;

    for (NameValuePair pair : params)
    {
        if (first)
            first = false;
        else
            result.append("&");

        if(pair!=null&&pair.getName()!=null&&pair.getValue()!=null){
         result.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getName(), "UTF-8"));
         result.append("=");
         result.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
        }
        
    }

    return result.toString();
}
 

public static String getLoginURL(String url)
{
	String _url = loginURL;
	try
	{
		if(url == null || url.length() == 0)
		{
			if(systemURL.length() > 0)
			{
				_url = loginURL + "?service=" + URLEncoder.encode(systemURL, "UTF-8");
			}
		}
		else
		{
			_url = loginURL + "?service=" + URLEncoder.encode(url, "UTF-8");
		}
	}
	catch(Exception e)
	{
		_url = loginURL;
	}
	return _url;
}
 

public static String encodeParameters(PostParameter[] httpParams) {
    if (null == httpParams) {
        return "";
    }
    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
    for (int j = 0; j < httpParams.length; j++) {
        if (httpParams[j].isFile()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("parameter [" + httpParams[j].name + "]should be text");
        }
        if (j != 0) {
            buf.append("&");
        }
        try {
            buf.append(URLEncoder.encode(httpParams[j].name, "UTF-8"))
                    .append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(httpParams[j].value, "UTF-8"));
        } catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException neverHappen) {
        }
    }
    return buf.toString();

}
 

static String generatePlaylist(String contentJson, JsonObject channelsJson, String host, int port) {
    JsonArray neterraContentArray = new JsonParser().parse(contentJson).getAsJsonObject()
            .get("tv_choice_result").getAsJsonArray();

    StringBuilder m3u8 = new StringBuilder("#EXTM3U\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < neterraContentArray.size(); i++) {
        JsonObject channel = neterraContentArray.get(i).getAsJsonArray().get(0).getAsJsonObject();
        String chanId = channel.get("issues_id").getAsString();
        String chanName = channel.get("issues_name").getAsString();
        String tvgId = "";
        String tvgName = "";
        String group = "";
        String logo = "";

        JsonObject definedChannel  = channelsJson.getAsJsonObject(chanId);
        if (definedChannel != null) {
            chanName = definedChannel.get("name").getAsString();
            tvgId = definedChannel.get("tvg-id").getAsString();
            tvgName = definedChannel.get("tvg-name").getAsString();
            group = definedChannel.get("group").getAsString();
            logo = definedChannel.get("logo").getAsString();
        }
        String encodedChanName = null;
        try {
            encodedChanName = URLEncoder.encode(chanName, "UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        m3u8.append(String.format("#EXTINF:-1 tvg-id=\"%s\" tvg-name=\"%s\" tvg-logo=\"%s\" " +
                        "group-title=\"%s\",%s\nhttp://%s:%s/playlist.m3u8?ch=%s&name=%s\n",
                tvgId, tvgName, logo, group, chanName, host, port, chanId, encodedChanName));
    }

    return m3u8.toString();
}
 

private final String getParamsString(Hashtable excludeParams, HttpServletRequest request) {
	if (request == null)
		return null;

	Enumeration params = request.getParameterNames();
	String param;
	String vals[];
	StringBuffer addParams = new StringBuffer();
	try {
		while (params.hasMoreElements()) {
			param = (String) params.nextElement();
			if (!excludeParams.containsKey(param)) {
				vals = request.getParameterValues(param);
				for (int i = 0; i < vals.length; i++) {
					addParams.append("&" + param + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(vals[i], "utf-8"));
				}
			}
		}
	} catch (Exception e) {
		addParams.toString();
	}
	return addParams.toString();
}
 

/**
 * URL-encodes everything between "/"-characters.
 * Encodes spaces as '%20' instead of '+'.
 */
public static String encodeUri( String uri )
{
	String newUri = "";
	StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer( uri, "/ ", true );
	while ( st.hasMoreTokens())
	{
		String tok = st.nextToken();
		if ( tok.equals( "/" ))
			newUri += "/";
		else if ( tok.equals( " " ))
			newUri += "%20";
		else
		{
			newUri += URLEncoder.encode( tok );
			// For Java 1.4 you'll want to use this instead:
			// try { newUri += URLEncoder.encode( tok, "UTF-8" ); } catch ( UnsupportedEncodingException uee )
		}
	}
	return newUri;
}
 

public static String buildQuery(Map<String, String> params, String charset) throws IOException {
    if (params == null || params.isEmpty()) {
        return null;
    }

    StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder();
    Set<Entry<String, String>> entries = params.entrySet();
    boolean hasParam = false;

    for (Entry<String, String> entry : entries) {
        String name = entry.getKey();
        String value = entry.getValue();
        // 忽略参数名或参数值为空的参数
        if (StringUtils.areNotEmpty(name, value)) {
            if (hasParam) {
                query.append("&");
            } else {
                hasParam = true;
            }

            query.append(name).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(value, charset));
        }
    }

    return query.toString();
}
 

public String getPostDataString(JSONObject params) throws Exception {

            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            boolean first = true;

            Iterator<String> itr = params.keys();

            while(itr.hasNext()){

                String key= itr.next();
                Object value = params.get(key);

                if (first)
                    first = false;
                else
                    result.append("&");

                result.append(URLEncoder.encode(key, "UTF-8"));
                result.append("=");
                result.append(URLEncoder.encode(value.toString(), "UTF-8"));

            }
            return result.toString();
        }
 

/**
 * 开始解析发送参数
 */
private void sendLogRequest(Request request) throws IOException {
    if (request != null) {
        String body = "";
        if (request.body() != null) {
            Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
            request.body().writeTo(buffer);
            //编码设为UTF-8
            Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
            MediaType contentType = request.body().contentType();
            if (contentType != null) {
                charset = contentType.charset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
            }
            body = buffer.readString(charset);
            //如果你出现中文参数乱码情况，请进行URL解码处理！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
            body = URLEncoder.encode(body, "UTF-8");
        }
        LogUtils.i("发送----" + "method:" + request.method() + "  url:" + request.url() + "  body:" + body);
    }
}
 

public static String encodeParameters(HttpParameter[] httpParameters){
    if (null == httpParameters) { return ""; }

    StringBuilder paramBuff = new StringBuilder();

    for (int i = 0; i < httpParameters.length; i++){
        try {
            paramBuff.append(URLEncoder.encode(httpParameters[i].getName(), "UTF-8"))
                    .append("=")
                    .append(URLEncoder.encode(httpParameters[i].getValue(), "UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if (i != httpParameters.length - 1){
            paramBuff.append("&");
        }
    }
    return paramBuff.toString();
}
 

/**
 * Execute the requested operation.
 *
 * @exception BuildException if an error occurs
 */
public void execute() throws BuildException {

    super.execute();
    if (path == null) {
        throw new BuildException
            ("Must specify 'path' attribute");
    }
    if ((config == null) && (war == null)) {
        throw new BuildException
            ("Must specify at least one of 'config' and 'war'");
    }
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("/install?path=");
    sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(this.path));
    if (config != null) {
        sb.append("&config=");
        sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(config));
    }
    if (war != null) {
        sb.append("&war=");
        sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(war));
    }
    execute(sb.toString());

}
 

/**
 * Sends request which increases popularity counter for term
 * @param id ID of term to update
 * @throws SESException SES exception
 */
public void increasePopularity(String id) throws SESException {
	logger.info("increasePopularity - id: '" + id + "'");

	URL url = null;

	try {
		StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
		query.append("?TBDB=" + URLEncoder.encode(getOntology(), "UTF8"));
		query.append("&template=" + URLEncoder.encode(getTemplate(), "UTF8"));
		query.append("&service=increase_popularity");
		query.append("&id=" + URLEncoder.encode(id, "UTF8"));
		query.append(getLanguageChoice());

		url = getURLImpl(query.toString());
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) logger.debug("URL: " + url.toExternalForm());
	} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
		throw new SESException("UnsupportedEncodingException: " + e.getMessage());
	}

	getSemaphore(url);
	return;
}
 

public static String encodeUrl(Bundle parameters) {
    if (parameters == null) {
        return "";
    }

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    boolean first = true;
    for (String key : parameters.keySet()) {
        if (first)
            first = false;
        else
            sb.append("&v=20140201" + "&");
        try {
            sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(key, "UTF-8") + "="
                    + URLEncoder.encode(parameters.getString(key), "UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            Log.e("TAG", "FoursquareUti::encodeUrl::UnsupportedEncodingException", e);
        }
    }
    return sb.toString();
}
 

private static String getQueueCountParam(Ticket ticket, TrainQuery query) {
    String token = Optional.ofNullable(ResultManager.get("repeatSubmitToken")).map(thrushResult -> (String)thrushResult.getValue()).orElse(StringUtils.EMPTY);
    String purposeCodes = Optional.ofNullable(ResultManager.get("purposeCodes")).map(thrushResult -> (String)thrushResult.getValue()).orElse(StringUtils.EMPTY);

    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    try {
        builder.append("train_date=").append(formatDate(query)).append("&train_no=").append(ticket.getTrainLongNo()).append("&stationTrainCode=")
                .append(ticket.getTrainNo()).append("&seatType=").append(SeatConfig.getSeatType(query.getSeat())).append("&fromStationTelecode=").append(ticket.getFromStationTelecode())
                .append("&toStationTelecode=").append(ticket.getToStationTelecode()).append("&leftTicket=").append(URLEncoder.encode(ticket.getLeftTicket(), "UTF-8")).append("&purpose_codes=").append(purposeCodes)
                .append("&train_location=").append(ticket.getTrainLocation()).append("&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=").append(token);

        return builder.toString();
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }

}
 

public static String getURLWithParams(String address, HashMap<String,String> params) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    //设置编码
    final String encode = "UTF-8";
    StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder(address);
    url.append("?");
    //将map中的key，value构造进入URL中
    int index = 1;
    for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
        if (index > 1) {
            url.append("&");
        }
        url.append(entry.getKey()).append("=");
        url.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encode));
        index++;
    }

    return url.toString();
}
 

static byte[] createParamBytes(Map<String, Object> params) {
	// Body data to byte[]
	
	StringBuilder requestData = new StringBuilder();
	
	for(String key : params.keySet()) {
		String value = String.valueOf(params.get(key));
		try {
			requestData.append(key).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8")).append("&");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	String requestAddressStr = requestData.toString();
	requestAddressStr = requestAddressStr.substring(0, requestAddressStr.length() - 1);
	return requestAddressStr.getBytes();
}
 

/**
 * Synonym for <tt>URLEncoder.encode(String, "UTF-8")</tt>.
 *
 * <P>Used to ensure that HTTP query strings are in proper form, by escaping
 * special characters such as spaces.
 *
 * <P>It is important to note that if a query string appears in an <tt>HREF</tt>
 * attribute, then there are two issues - ensuring the query string is valid HTTP
 * (it is URL-encoded), and ensuring it is valid HTML (ensuring the
 * ampersand is escaped).
 */
@ApiMethod
@Comment(value = "Does URLEncoder.encode() but throws a RuntimeException instead of an UnsupportedEncodingException")
public static String forURL(String aURLFragment)
{
   String result = null;
   try
   {
      result = URLEncoder.encode(aURLFragment, "UTF-8");
   }
   catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex)
   {
      throw new RuntimeException("UTF-8 not supported", ex);
   }
   return result;
}
 

private File getStorageFile(UsageEventProperties properties) {
    File directory = getStorageDirectory();
    if (directory != null) {
        String name = properties.type.getActionName() + "-" + properties.countEventLabel;
        try {
            name = URLEncoder.encode(name, "UTF-8");
            if (name.length() > 40) {
                name = (UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(name.getBytes())).toString();
            }
            return new File(directory, name);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            Log.log(Log.LOG_ERROR, e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    return null;
}
 

public String escape(String text) {
   String result = text;
   try{
      result = URLEncoder.encode(text, "UTF-8");
   }
   catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      logger.error("Failed to escape " + text, e);
   }
   return result;
}
 

/**
 * 显示标签
 *
 * @param tags
 * @return
 */
public static String show_tags(String tags) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(tags)) {
        String[] arr = tags.split(",");
        StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer();
        for (String c : arr) {
            sbuf.append("<a href=\"/tag/" + URLEncoder.encode(c, "UTF-8") + "\">" + c + "</a>");
        }
        return sbuf.toString();
    }
    return "";
}
 

private String sendGet( String message) throws Exception {
    String api_ai_token = "bearer a7d81f6de8154d748b48d9ae6913a517";
    String url = "https://api.api.ai/v1/query?query="+ URLEncoder.encode(message,"UTF-8") +"&lang=en&sessionId=1732812321";

    URL obj = new URL(url);
    HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) obj.openConnection();

    // optional default is GET
    con.setRequestMethod("GET");

    //add request header
    con.setRequestProperty("Authorization", api_ai_token);

    int responseCode = con.getResponseCode();
    System.out.println("\nSending 'GET' request to URL : " + url);
    System.out.println("Response Code : " + responseCode);

    BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
            new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
    String inputLine;
    StringBuffer response = new StringBuffer();

    while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
        response.append(inputLine);
    }
    in.close();

    //print result
    System.out.println(response.toString());
    return response.toString();
}
 

/**
 * URL Encodes the given String <code>s</code> using the UTF-8 character encoding.
 *
 * @param s a String
 * @return url encoded string
 */
public static String encode(String s) {
	if(s == null)
		return null;
	try {
		return URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8");
	} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
		// utf-8 always available
	}
	return null;
}
 

/**
 * URL Encode the given string.
 * 
 * @param value the string to encode
 * @return the encoded string
 */
public static String urlEncode(String value) {
    try {
        return URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        // UTF-8 encoding is required to be supported by all JVMs
        return null;
    }
}
 

private static String encode(String value) {
    try {
        return URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported encoding");
    }
}
 

public static String getIntentFromWitAI(String message) throws UnirestException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
    String url = "https://api.wit.ai/message?v=20160526&q=" + URLEncoder.encode(message, "UTF-8");
    HttpResponse<String> response = Unirest.get(url)
            .header("authorization", "Bearer " + System.getenv("WIT_AI_SERVER_ACCESS_TOKEN"))
            .header("cache-control", "no-cache")
            .asString();
    return response.getBody();
}
 

public static String urlEncodeUTF8(String s) {
    try {
        return URLEncoder.encode(s, "UTF-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e);
    }
}
 

/**
    * Takes care about blank values. Besides, escapes CSV sensitive symbols (commas, quotes, etc) and then encodes it to be sent as a URL parameter.
    * 
    * @param value
    * @param CSV
    * @return
    * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
    */
   private static String escapeValue(String value) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
final String DUMMY_VALUE = "-";

String notBlankValue = StringUtils.isBlank(value) ? DUMMY_VALUE : value;
String escapedCsv = StringEscapeUtils.escapeCsv(notBlankValue);
String encodedValue = URLEncoder.encode(escapedCsv, "utf8");

return encodedValue;
   }
 

/**
 * 拼接字符串
 *
 * @param map     对象
 * @param charset 字符集
 * @param encode  是否编码
 * @param withQuota 是否加引号
 * @return str
 */
public static String toJoinForSign(Map<String, String> map, Charset charset, boolean encode, boolean withQuota) {
    map.remove("sign");
    map.remove("sign_type");
    map = new TreeMap<String, String>(map);
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> set = map.entrySet();
    try {

        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : set) {
            if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(entry.getValue())) {
                continue;
            }
            String value = entry.getValue();
            if (withQuota) {
                value = new StringBuilder("\"").append(value).append("\"").toString();
            }
            sb.append(entry.getKey()).append("=");
            if (encode) {
                sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(value, charset.name()));
            } else {
                sb.append(value);
            }
            sb.append("&");
        }
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

    }
    return sb.substring(0, sb.length() - 1);
}
 

public void testGetMetrics() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, JSONException {
    final JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
    json.put("_device", DeviceInfo.getDevice());
    json.put("_os", DeviceInfo.getOS());
    json.put("_os_version", DeviceInfo.getOSVersion());
    if (!"".equals(DeviceInfo.getCarrier(getContext()))) { // ensure tests pass on non-cellular devices
        json.put("_carrier", DeviceInfo.getCarrier(getContext()));
    }
    json.put("_resolution", DeviceInfo.getResolution(getContext()));
    json.put("_density", DeviceInfo.getDensity(getContext()));
    json.put("_locale", DeviceInfo.getLocale());
    json.put("_app_version", DeviceInfo.getAppVersion(getContext()));
    final String expected = URLEncoder.encode(json.toString(), "UTF-8");
    assertNotNull(expected);
    assertEquals(expected, DeviceInfo.getMetrics(getContext()));
}
 

/**
 * Converts <code>params</code> into an application/x-www-form-urlencoded encoded string.
 */
private byte[] encodeParameters(Map<String, String> params, String paramsEncoding) {
    StringBuilder encodedParams = new StringBuilder();
    try {
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
            encodedParams.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), paramsEncoding));
            encodedParams.append('=');
            encodedParams.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), paramsEncoding));
            encodedParams.append('&');
        }
        return encodedParams.toString().getBytes(paramsEncoding);
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Encoding not supported: " + paramsEncoding, uee);
    }
}
 

private URL createURL(String collection, String resource, String subResource,
    Map<String, ?> parameters) throws IOException {
  try {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    sb.append(kmsUrl);
    if (collection != null) {
      sb.append(collection);
      if (resource != null) {
        sb.append("/").append(URLEncoder.encode(resource, UTF8));
        if (subResource != null) {
          sb.append("/").append(subResource);
        }
      }
    }
    URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(sb.toString());
    if (parameters != null) {
      for (Map.Entry<String, ?> param : parameters.entrySet()) {
        Object value = param.getValue();
        if (value instanceof String) {
          uriBuilder.addParameter(param.getKey(), (String) value);
        } else {
          for (String s : (String[]) value) {
            uriBuilder.addParameter(param.getKey(), s);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return uriBuilder.build().toURL();
  } catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
    throw new IOException(ex);
  }
}
 

@Override
public void process(CommandContext ctx) throws CommandException {
    if (ctx.getArgs().size() < 1) {
        throw new CommandException("Not enough arguments.");
    }
    int iie = ctx.getFlags().containsKey(FLAG_IE) ? 1 : 0;
    StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder("<http://lmgtfy.com/?iie=").append(iie).append("&q=");
    String arg = ctx.getArg(ARG_QUERY);
    try {
        ctx.reply(url.append(URLEncoder.encode(ctx.sanitize(arg), Charsets.UTF_8.name())).append(">").toString());
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        throw new CommandException(e);
    }
}
 

private static String signPayInfo(String orderInfo, String rsaKey) {
    String sign = SignUtils.sign(orderInfo, rsaKey);
    try {
        rsaKey = URLEncoder.encode(sign, "UTF-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return orderInfo + "&sign=\"" + rsaKey + "\"&" + getSignType();
}
 

private static String encode(final String str) {
    try {
        return URLEncoder.encode(str, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        // Shouldn't happen
        LOG.warn("Error encoding {}", str, e);
        return str;
    }
}
 

public void testBlankGateway() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    final String SERVICE = URLEncoder.encode("http://www.cnn.com", "UTF-8");
    final String URL = "/login?service=" + SERVICE + "&gateway=";

    beginAt(URL);

    // test that we're now at cnn.com rather than at the login form.
    assertTextPresent("cnn.com");
    assertFormElementNotPresent("lt");
}