LeetCode – String to Integer (atoi) (Java)

Category: Algorithms   December 24, 2012

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Analysis

The following cases should be considered for this problem:

1. null or empty string
2. white spaces
3. +/- sign
4. calculate real value
5. handle min & max

Java Solution

public int atoi(String str) {
	if (str == null || str.length() < 1)
		return 0;
 
	// trim white spaces
	str = str.trim();
 
	char flag = '+';
 
	// check negative or positive
	int i = 0;
	if (str.charAt(0) == '-') {
		flag = '-';
		i++;
	} else if (str.charAt(0) == '+') {
		i++;
	}
	// use double to store result
	double result = 0;
 
	// calculate value
	while (str.length() > i && str.charAt(i) >= '0' && str.charAt(i) <= '9') {
		result = result * 10 + (str.charAt(i) - '0');
		i++;
	}
 
	if (flag == '-')
		result = -result;
 
	// handle max and min
	if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
		return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 
	if (result < Integer.MIN_VALUE)
		return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
 
	return (int) result;
}

Related posts:

  1. LeetCode – Length of Last Word (Java)
  2. LeetCode – Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters (Java)
  3. LeetCode – Divide Two Integers (Java)
  4. LeetCode – Integer Break (Java)
Category >> Algorithms  
If you want someone to read your code, please put the code inside <pre><code> and </code></pre> tags. For example: 
<pre><code> 
String foo = "bar";
</code></pre>
  • SC

    @bonsaialg:disqus ‘s answer is right. But using double is not scalable, what if the problem is changed to String to Double or String to Long or even String to BigInteger? What bigger type can you use?

    Basically, trick would be to check if current value would be greater than MAX_INT..

  • Java’s Integer.parseInt(String s) source code // this doesn’t take ‘whitespaces’ into consideration and will throw exception.

    // Here I have assumed that the number is a decimal number. So modified the original source code with radix 10.
    public static int parseInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException
    {
    if (s == null) {
    throw new NumberFormatException(“null”);
    }

    int result = 0;
    boolean negative = false;
    int i = 0, len = s.length();
    int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE; // note: not Integer.MIN_VALUE
    int multmin;
    int digit;

    if (len > 0) {
    char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
    if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
    if (firstChar == '-') {
    negative = true;
    limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE; // note: limit is changed here from -Integer.MAX_VALUE
    i++;
    } else if (firstChar != '+')
    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

    if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
    }
    multmin = limit / 10;
    while (i < len) {
    // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
    digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),10);
    if (digit < 0) {
    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
    }
    if (result < multmin) {
    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
    }
    result *= 10;
    if (result < limit + digit) {
    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
    }
    result -= digit;
    }
    } else {
    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
    }
    return negative ? result : -result;
    }

  • Rahul Jaiswal

    Above code will fail for ” “.

    Correct solution:

    public int myAtoi(String str) {
    if(str == null)
    return 0;
    str = str.trim();
    if(str.length() < 1)
    return 0;

    boolean isNeg = false;
    int i = 0;
    if(str.charAt(0) == '-') {
    isNeg = true;
    i++;
    }
    else if(str.charAt(0) == '+')
    i++;
    double result = 0;
    while(i = '0' && str.charAt(i) Integer.MAX_VALUE)
    return Integer.MAX_VALUE;

    if (result < Integer.MIN_VALUE)
    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    return (int)result;
    }

  • Bonsai

    Integer has range [-2147483648 , 2147483647] in Java. If the number is -214748364, the algorithm processes it as a positive integer and then change sign. The number would exceed the integer range if an integer is used.

  • KARAN VERMA

    One minor modification for prevent stackoverflowException: length check for string if(str.length()>0) {

    if (str == null || str.length() 0) {

    if (str.charAt(0) == '-') {

    flag = '-';

    i++;

    } else if (str.charAt(0) == '+') {

    i++;

    }

    }

    // use double to store result

    double result = 0;

    // calculate value

    while (str.length() > i && str.charAt(i) >= '0' && str.charAt(i) Integer.MAX_VALUE)

    return Integer.MAX_VALUE;

    if (result < Integer.MIN_VALUE)

    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;

    return (int) result;

  • Npy

    in next iteration when we add new integer it should come at unit’s place.

  • kavya tg

    Hi article is nice, can we parsing String to int in java 8 ?
    i was searching for the information then i found very good information here, it best way to convert string to int i hope this may be use full.

  • Ahmed Saad

    this is my solution to convert any string to double including fractions and + – signs


    private static double checkString(String text) {

    boolean isFraction = false;
    int fractionIndex = -1;
    boolean isSigned = false;
    boolean isPostive = true;

    if (text.charAt(0) == '+') {
    isSigned = true;
    isPostive = true;
    } else if (text.charAt(0) == '-') {
    isSigned = true;
    isPostive = false;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i 57 || currentChar < 48)) {
    return -1;
    }

    }

    int start = (isSigned) ? 1 : 0;
    double num;
    if (!isFraction) {
    return getNumber(text, start, text.length() - 1, false);
    } else {
    if (fractionIndex - start = start; i--) {
    char currentChar = text.charAt(i);
    num = num + level * (currentChar - 48);
    level = level * 10;
    }
    if (isFraction) {
    num = num / (level);
    }

    return num;
    }

  • Brenda Martis

    Why was double used for result?

  • Brandon Donnelson

    Alternative solution.


    public int myAtoi(String str) {
    if (str == null || str.isEmpty()) {
    return 0;
    }

    str = str.trim();

    if (str.equals("-")) {
    return 0;
    }

    if (str.equals("+")) {
    return 0;
    }

    int signAdd = 0;
    boolean sign = false;
    long result = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i 1) {
    return 0;
    }
    }

    if (c == '-') {
    sign = true;
    } else if (c == '+') {
    sign = false;
    } else if (c >= '0' && c Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
    return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    } else if (sign && result *-1 < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    }

    }

    if (sign) {
    result *= -1;
    }

    return (int) result;
    }

  • Sékine Coulibaly

    I guess it mean for positive numbers, eg. 42.
    Obviously 42 is positive, and equals to +42, but there is no leading “+” sign.

  • loyolakarl

    kj;ljdaLJD

    I am writing some code as said before lol. :)

  • Rory

    Do not need this part

    // handle max and min

    if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE)

    return Integer.MAX_VALUE;

    if (result < Integer.MIN_VALUE)

    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;

  • Renzo

    Solution in 11 lines of Python:https://github.com/renzon/code_interview_training/blob/master/string_to_int.py
    The good thing is that for integer I don’t have to worry once they are arbitrary large in Python (not arbitrary, but as long as it fit in your memory)

  • joseph

    Really should check the string length after doing the trim(), in case it was a string of just white spaces.

  • Peng

    I think the overflow check should be placed within for loop to attach this problem

  • Arnaud Hebert

    Why are we multiplying by 10: result = result * 10 ?

  • lily

    well,if the str is very very very big,such as it is bigger than long,how can you handle this?

  • he could use :
    Character.getNumericValue(str.charAt(i))

  • Chris

    Why the sign is not always supposed to be at the beginning of the string? Please give a example? Thank you.

  • sebastian

    hi is doing that because charAt return a char so you can’t sum a char, you need a way to convert to integer one choice is that and only is charAt(pos) – 48

    Bye.

  • armandm

    why are you substracting ” to the char
    ?

  • uee

    The sign is not always supposed to be at the beginning of the string. And you also didn’t consider the situation that other character show in the string.